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Year 2013 - Volume 33, Number 9
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Sheep grazing for control of Senecio spp. according to infestation level and phenology,
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ABSTRACT.- Karam F.C., Moraes J.C. F. & Schild A.L. 2013. [Sheep grazing for control of Senecio spp. according to infestation level and phenology.] Controle de Senecio spp. com pastoreio ovino de acordo com sua infestação e fenologia. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(9):1109-1115. Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil. E-mail: fernandockaram@yahoo.com.br
Senecio spp. poisoning is the major cause of death among cattle in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. There are no efficient therapeutic measures, but sheep are more resistant and have been used as natural control. The aim of this paper was to assess the efficiency of sheep grazing in different seasons of the year (spring-winter), determining the best time for interference in plant phenology, especially in reproductive phases, and relative Senecio infestation in the pasture. The experiment was conducted on two farms located in the Campanha region of RS, in 50x100m plots, with water availability and with different levels of infestation by Senecio spp. The level of infestation, regardless of the species, was determined by the average number of plants at three random sites measuring 2m in diameter each, within the area of study. In 12 phenological observation points defined in each plot, one to three plants showed low infestation (IB) and four to six plants revealed average infestation (IM), both located on farm A; seven to nine plants had high infestation (IA) and 10 or more plants showed very high infestation (IMA), located on farm B. The plots were on different farms because it was not possible to find all infestation levels on a single farm. The following parameters were evaluated on day 0 (before the introduction of sheep) and every 15 days during the spring of 2009 (year 1) and the winter and spring of 2010 (year 2): number of plants of the Senecio species, reproductive phenophases, vigor, and plant consumption by the sheep. Control was carried out in year 2, in six phenological observation points, which were identical and contiguous to each plot, without sheep grazing, with regular cattle and horse grazing, following the rotation scheme used on the farms. At baseline, each control had the same level of infestation by Senecio spp. corresponding to the experimental area. Between the spring of 2009 and the winter of 2010, the sheep were removed and both cattle and horses were allowed to graze on the plots. The statistical analysis consisted of simple regression and the means were compared by covariance. Reproductive phenophases, vigor, and plant consumption by the sheep, which did not have a normal distribution, were compared by Wilcoxon nonparametric test. The results demonstrated that sheep grazing had a negative impact on the development of Senecio species and that, in winter, it inhibits their future reproductive phenophases. Given the phenological and environmental conditions, as well as the risk for the cattle, the control of Senecio spp. by sheep grazing was more efficient in winter than in spring. Due to the negative impact on plant growth, mainly with regard to reproductive phenophases, with reduction of seed production, sheep grazing is an alternative for the biological control of Senecio spp., which will contribute to reduce their infestation in the medium and long term in RS and, consequently, the damage to cattle breeding. |
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