Resultado da pesquisa (20)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa anesthesia
#11 - Colloid osmotic pressure during and after surgical interventions in adult and geriatric dogs
Abstract in English:
The objective this study is to evaluate colloid osmotic pressure (COP) fluctuations in adult and senile dogs during surgical interventions. Thirty-six healthy dogs to surgical interventions, distributed in two groups, A and B, according to their age, and were all subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Values of albumin, total plasmatic protein and COP were evaluated from samples collected before pre-anesthetic medication, fifteen minutes after pre-anesthetic medication, and shortly after the end of the intervention. Results were tested using t-test to compare among groups and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey’s test to compare different moments within the same group. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In both groups, significant decreases were observed in colloid osmotic pressure, as well as albumin and total proteins (p<0.001). Despite slightly lower COP values for the group of adult animals, this difference was not significant as there was a high individual variation within groups. The results therefore indicate no difference in colloid osmotic pressure values or fluctuation patterns among adult and senile dogs (p=0.124). The observed results indicate that colloid osmotic pressure decreases significantly during surgical procedures, due to hypotension caused by the anesthetic drugs and to hemodilution caused by the fluid administration but there is no difference between groups. However, in both adult and senile dogs, these variables recover gradually after the animals awaken, through increased urine production and recovery of vascular tonus, indicating the successful reestablishment of homeostasis.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as flutuações da pressão coloidosmótica (PCO) em cães adultos e idosos durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Foram utilizados 36 cães hígidos submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica, distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade e submetidos ao mesmo protocolo anestésico. Os valores de albumina, proteína plasmática total e PCO foram avaliados de amostras coletadas antes da medicação pré-anestésica, 15 minutos após e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste-t para comparação entre os grupos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguido do teste de Tukey para comparar diferentes momentos dentro do mesmo grupo. Foram considerados estastisticamente diferentes com p<0.05. Em ambos os grupos foram observados decréscimo dos valores da pressão coloidosmótica, como os valores de albumina e proteína total (p<0.001). Apesar de ligeiramente inferior, os valores de PCO para o grupo adulto não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferença nos valores da pressão oncótica ou padrão de flutuação entre adultos e idosos (p=0,124). Os resultados observados indicam significativo decréscimo da pressão coloidosmótica durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos devido à hipotensão causada pelos fármacos anestésicos e pela hemodiluição causada pela administração de fluídos, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, tanto em cães adultos como idosos, essas variações retornaram gradualmente após a recuperação dos animals, através do aumento da produção de urina e da recuperação do tônus vascular, indicando restabelecimento da homeostase.
#12 - Comparison of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine in the sevoflurane requirement in dogs, 37(10):1133-1138
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Travagin D.R.P., Gomes L.G., Cruz T.P.P.S., Winter D.C., Flôres F.N. & Guimarães L.D. 2017. Comparison of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine in the sevoflurane requirement in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(10):1133-1138. Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão, Rodovia BR-158 Km 207, Campo Mourão, PR 87300-970, Brazil. E-mail: david.travagin@grupointegrado.br
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol alone, or tramadol combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane (MACsevo) of dogs undergoing an ovariohysterectomy (OHE). We used 28 healthy dogs of various breeds and age, randomly divided into two groups according to the infusion given: TRA (tramadol alone) or TLK (tramadol, lidocaine and ketamine). The patients were premedicated with acepromazine and midazolam, and then anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Fifteen minutes after induction, the patients received their loading dose of treatment. Then, the continuous infusion was then set to 1.3mg/kg/hour of tramadol with or without 3mg/kg/hour of lidocaine and 0.6mg/kg/hour of ketamine, diluted in a 500mL bag of saline solution at an infusion rate of 10mL/kg/hour. The Dixon method was chosen to determine the MACsevo and a skin incision was used as a noxious stimulus. An unpaired Student’s t-test was used to identify statistically significant differences between the treatments. These differences were considered significant when p<0.05. The MACsevo of the TRA group was 1.22±0.15 vol% and the MACsevo of the TLK group was 0.85±0.22 vol%. We conclude that TLK infusion decreased the MACsevo by 30.22% compared to tramadol alone, demonstrating that the combination of drugs was effective in reducing MACsevo in dogs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Travagin D.R.P., Gomes L.G., Cruz T.P.P.S., Winter D.C., Flôres F.N. & Guimarães L.D. 2017. Comparison of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine in the sevoflurane requirement in dogs. [Comparação da infusão continua intravenosa de tramadol e de tramadol-lidocaína-cetamina no requerimento de sevofluorano em cães.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(10):1133-1138. Faculdade Integrado de Campo Mourão, Rodovia BR-158 Km 207, Campo Mourão, PR 87300-970, Brazil. E-mail: david.travagin@grupointegrado.br
O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a influência da infusão contínua intravenosa do tramadol isolado e associado com lidocaína e cetamina, na concentração alveolar mínima de sevofluorano (CAMsevo) em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia. Foram utilizados 28 animais saudáveis de várias raças e idades, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com a infusão adminstrada: TRA (tramadol) ou TLK (tramadol, lidocaína e cetamina). A medicação pré-anestésica foi realizada com acepromazina e midazolam, em seguida, a anestesia foi induzida com propofol e mantida com sevofluorano. Quinze minutos após a indução, os pacientes receberam um bolus do tratamento, com a infusão continua iniciada logo em seguida, sendo 1,3mg/kg/hora de tramadol, associado ou não a 3mg/kg/hora de lidocaína e 0,6mg/kg/hora de cetamina, diluidos em uma bolsa de solução salina de 500mL a uma taxa de infusão taxa de 10ml/kg/hora. O método de Dixon foi escolhido para determinar a MACsevo e a incisão na pele foi utilizada como o estímulo nocivo. O teste t de Student não pareado foi utilizado para identificar diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tratamentos. Estas diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. A CAMsevo do grupo TRA foi de 1,22±0,15vol% e a CAMsevo do grupo TLK foi de 0,85±0,22vol%. Conclui-se que a infusão de TLK diminuiu a CAMsevo em 30,22% em relação ao tramadol isolado, o que demonstra que a combinação de agentes analgésicos foi eficaz na redução do requerimento de sevofluorano em cães.
#13 - Efficacy and hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric, hypobaric or hyperbaric ropivacaine in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane, 37(2):137-144
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Abimussi C.J.X., Floriano B.P., Wagatsuma J.T., Canceli C.H.B., Ferreira J.Z., Garcia-Pereira F.L., Santos P.S.P. & Oliva V.N.L.S. 2017. [Efficacy and hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric, hypobaric or hyperbaric ropivacaine in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.] Eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína isobárica, hipobárica ou hiperbárica em cães anestesiados com isofluorano. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):137-144. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Dona Amélia, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: cjxabimussi@hotmail.com
The aim of the study was to assess hemodynamic changes and complications of spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine at different baricities. Six beagle dogs aged four years. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to the following treatments: Ghypo = spinal anesthesia with hypobaric ropivacaine (0.5mL of 0.9% NaCl+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%); Giso = isobaric spinal anesthesia (0.5mL of 0,906% NaCl+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%); Ghyper = hyperbaric spinal anesthesia (0.5mL of 10% glucose+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%). After induction to anesthesia and maintenance with isoflurane, animals were positioned in right lateral recumbency for pulmonary artery catheterization through the left jugular vein. Spinal anesthesia was carried out with injection of 1mL of local anesthetic using a 22G Quincke tip needle in the L5-L6 space along 1 minute. Dogs were maintained under inhalation anesthesia for 60 minutes in ventral recumbency. HR, FR, MAP, CO, mPAP and body temperature progressively increased in all groups, whereas PCWP increased only in GHYPO at all time points. The TPRI showed significantly higher values in GISO at M1, M5 and M10 compared to the other groups, except for M5, during which GISO differed only from GHYPER. The PVRI increased at M5 compared to MB in GISO. Side effects such as unilateral motor deficit, bladder atony, excitation, acute pain and chemosis were observed. The hemodynamic changes were not relevant, although inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane might have influenced the results. The changes observed in the study demonstrate that motor blockade is likely to be obtained with isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine, thereby confirming the influence of baricity on the type of nerve fibers on the spinal cord. The isobaric solution results in a mixed blockade (motor and sensory blockade). Hemodynamic changes such as hypotension and bradycardia were not evidenced in this study, although local anesthetics were administered in low volumes and together with isoflurane anesthesia. Regarding complications, post-anesthetic observation is warranted in order to identify and treat possible changes. Spinal anesthesia in the conditions studied did not cause hemodynamic changes in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs and is thus considered safe for routine practice, although a few complications are prone to occur.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Abimussi C.J.X., Floriano B.P., Wagatsuma J.T., Canceli C.H.B., Ferreira J.Z., Garcia-Pereira F.L., Santos P.S.P. & Oliva V.N.L.S. 2017. [Efficacy and hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric, hypobaric or hyperbaric ropivacaine in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.] Eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína isobárica, hipobárica ou hiperbárica em cães anestesiados com isofluorano. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):137-144. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Dona Amélia, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: cjxabimussi@hotmail.com
O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína em cães alterando a baricidade do anestésico local, investigando as alterações hemodinâmicas e complicações. Foram utilizados seis cães, Beagle, 4 anos, submetidos a anestesia inalatória com isofluorano e aos tratamentos: Ghipo = anestesia raquidiana hipobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 0,9% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Giso = anestesia raquidiana isobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 1,53% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Ghiper = anestesia raquidiana hiperbárica (0,5 mL glicose 10% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%). Após indução anestésica e manutenção com isofluorano, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral direito para a passagem de um cateter de artéria pulmonar pela veia jugular esquerda. Após esse procedimento, a punção subaracnóide foi realizada entre L5-L6 com uma agulha espinhal 22G, seguida da administração de 1 mL de anestésico local em 1 min. Os animais foram mantidos por 60 minutos anestesiados em decúbito ventral. A FC, f, PAM, DC, PAPm e TºC apresentaram aumento progressivo em todos os grupos enquanto que a PCPm, apenas no GHIPO, aumentou ao longo de todos os momentos. O IRPT no GISO apresentou valores significativamente superiores no M1, M5 e M10 comparado aos demais grupos, exceto no M5, em que o GISO diferiu somente do GHIPER. O IRVP no GISO aumentou no M5 em comparação ao MB. Foram observados efeitos adversos como déficit motor unilateral, atonia vesical, excitação, dor aguda e quemose. De acordo com os dados obtidos no presente estudo pode-se concluir que os animais que receberam anestesia raquidiana com as soluções hiperbárica e isobárica apresentaram maior bloqueio motor comprovando que a baricidade influencia diretamente o tipo de fibra a ser bloqueada. A utilização de solução isobárica resulta em um bloqueio misto (motor e sensitivo). As alterações hemodinâmicas descritas na literatura como, bradicardia e hipotensão, não puderam ser evidenciadas neste estudo embora o volume de anestésico tenha sido baixo associado a influência dos efeitos do isofluorano. Em relação às complicações evidenciadas, sugere-se acompanhamento pós-anestésico dos animais submetidos à anestesia raquidiana a fim de que quaisquer alterações possam ser identificadas precocemente e tratadas.
#14 - Influence of different restraint protocols for the electrocardiogram values of feline night monkeys (Aotus azarae infulatus), 37(2):156-159
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Chaves R.H.F., Souza N.F., Muniz J.A.P.C., Imbeloni A.A., Neves A.C.S. & Teixeira R.K.C. 2017. [Influence of different restraint protocols for the electrocardiogram values of feline night monkeys (Aotus azarae infulatus).] Influência de diferentes protocolos de contenção nos valores do eletrocardiograma de macacos-da-noite (Aotus azarae infulatus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):156-159. Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Travessa Perebebuí 2623, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil. E-mail: rosinhahelena@gmail.com
Feline night monkeys are very susceptible to stress and therefore the physical or chemical restraint should be carefully evaluated before any procedure. Anesthetic protocols can alter some physiological parameters, and electrocardiogram (ECG) is a commonly exam used for evaluation of the rhythm and heart rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four different protocols of restraining on ECG in Aotus azarae infulatus, in order to identify the best method of restraining in these primates. For that, we used 10 adult feline night monkeys, males, submitted to restraining protocols with the association tiletamine and zolazepam - (TZ), isoflurane (ISO), association ketamine and midazolam (CET) and physical restraint (CF). No differences were observed in the parameters wave and ECG complexes obtained in all groups tested; however, during the evaluation of the trace the animals of group CF showed a greater amount of change. It was concluded that the restraint protocols used did not change the values of the ECG, and it was not possible to consider the CF group as control due to more caused alterations than all other tested protocols.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Chaves R.H.F., Souza N.F., Muniz J.A.P.C., Imbeloni A.A., Neves A.C.S. & Teixeira R.K.C. 2017. [Influence of different restraint protocols for the electrocardiogram values of feline night monkeys (Aotus azarae infulatus).] Influência de diferentes protocolos de contenção nos valores do eletrocardiograma de macacos-da-noite (Aotus azarae infulatus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):156-159. Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Travessa Perebebuí 2623, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil. E-mail: rosinhahelena@gmail.com
Macacos-da-noite são muito susceptíveis ao estresse e por isso a contenção química ou física deve ser cuidadosamente avaliada antes de qualquer procedimento. Protocolos anestésicos podem alterar alguns parâmetros fisiológicos, sendo o eletrocardiograma (ECG) um exame muito utilizado para avaliação do ritmo e da frequência cardíaca. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de quatro diferentes protocolos de contenção sobre o ECG realizado em Aotus azarae infulatus. Para isso foram utilizados 10 animais, machos, adultos, submetidos à contenção com a associação tiletamina/zolazepam (TZ), isoflurano (ISO), associação cetamina e midazolam (CET) e contenção física (CF). Não foram observadas diferenças nos parâmetros de ondas e complexos obtidos no ECG em todos os grupos testados, no entanto, durante a avaliação do traçado os animais do grupo CF apresentaram uma quantidade maior de alterações. Concluiu-se que os protocolos de contenção utilizados não alteraram os valores do ECG e que não foi possível considerar o grupo CF como controle devido causar mais alterações do que todos os protocolos testados.
#15 - Retrospective study of pre-anesthetic electrocardiogram examination of 700 dogs conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG (2013-2014), 36(2):90-93
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Botelho A.F.M., Oliveira M.S., Soto-Blanco B. & Melo M.M. 2016. Retrospective study of pre-anesthetic electrocardiogram examination of 700 dogs conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG (2013-2014). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(2):90-93. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil. E-mail: mariliamm@ufmg.br
Pre-operative electrocardiograms performed in 700 dogs were analyzed in order to establish correlation between sex, age, indication for surgery, body condition score, breed and weight. Initially a clinical questionnaire was filled out from each owner, including age, breed, sex, weight, clinical history and surgical indication. Dogs above 6 years of age or those showing any kind of cardiac auscultation disturbances were referred to electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation. All ECG were performed and analyzed by the same veterinary specialist. Abnormalities at ECG were founnd in 364 of 700 (52%) evaluated dogs, and the most frequent variation was sinus arrhythmia, observed in 293 dogs (25.4%). No significant correlation was found between the electrocardiographic alterations with weight, sex and age of the animals. Therefore ECG should be conducted routinely regardless of age, sex, breed or surgical indication, highlighting its value for determining a safe anesthetic protocol that promotes minimal cardiopulmonary depression and allows rapid post-surgical recovery.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Botelho A.F.M., Oliveira M.S., Soto-Blanco B. & Melo M.M. 2016. Retrospective study of pre-anesthetic electrocardiogram examination of 700 dogs conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG (2013-2014). [Estudo retrospectivo de exames eletrocardiográficos pré-anestésicos em 700 cães realizados no Hospital Veterinário da UFMG (2013-2014).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(2):90-93. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31275-013, Brazil. E-mail: mariliamm@ufmg.br
Foram analisados exames eletrocardiográficos pré-operatórios de 700 cães, com o objetivo de estabelecer correlação entre sexo, idade, indicação cirúrgica, condição corporal, raça e peso. Inicialmente, um questionário clínico foi preenchido por cada proprietário, com informações sobre sexo, raça, sexo, peso, histórico clínico e indicação cirúrgica. Os cães com mais de seis anos de idade e aqueles que apresentavam qualquer tipo de alteração à auscultação cardíaca foram encaminhadas para avaliação por meio de eletrocardiograma (ECG). Todos os ECG foram realizados e analisados pelo mesmo veterinário especialista. As anormalidades ao ECG foram observadas em 364 dos 700 (52%) cães avaliados e a alteração mais frequente foi a arritmia sinusal, observada em 293 (25,4%) cães. Nenhuma correlação significante foi observada entre as alterações eletrocardiográficas com o peso, o sexo e a idade dos animais. Sugere-se, portanto que o exame de ECG seja realizado de forma rotineira, independente de idade, sexo, raça ou indicação cirúrgica, destacando seu valor para a determinação de um protocolo anestésico que promova mínima depressão cardiopulmonar e rápida recuperação pós-cirúrgica.
#16 - Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery in cougars (Puma concolor) undergoing anesthesia with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane, 36(1):33-38
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Albuquerque V.B., Araújo M.A., Oliveira A.R., Cavalcanti G., Leal R.C., Santos E.B., Cavalvanti A.R. & Frazilio F.O. 2016. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery in cougars (Puma concolor) undergoing anesthesia with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(1):33-38. Setor de Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: fabrício.frazilio@ufms.br
The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects, the onset time after the administration of a detomidine/ketamine combination, and the recovery from anesthesia of cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane for abdominal ultrasound imaging. Fourteen animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: GISO (n=7) and GSEVO (n=7). Chemical restraint was performed using 0.15mg/kg detomidine combined with 5mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly; anesthesia induction was achieved using 2mg/kg propofol intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane (GISO) or sevoflurane (GSEVO). The following parameters were assessed: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, central venous pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The time to sternal recumbency (TSR) and time to standing position (TSP) were also determined. There was not statistically significant difference for the cardiopulmonary variables or TSP whereas TSR was significantly shorter in GSEVO. The time to onset of anesthesia was 11.1±1.2 minutes and 11.3±1.8 minutes for GISO and GSEVO, respectively. The anesthesia of cougars with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane was conducted with safety, cardiopulmonary stability, and increased time to sternal recumbency in the GISO group.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Albuquerque V.B., Araújo M.A., Oliveira A.R., Cavalcanti G., Leal R.C., Santos E.B., Cavalvanti A.R. & Frazilio F.O. 2016. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery in cougars (Puma concolor) undergoing anesthesia with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane. [Avaliação de parâmetros cardiorrespirató-rios e recuperação da anestesia em pumas (Puma concolor) anestesiados com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(1):33-38. Setor de Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: fabrício.frazilio@ufms.br
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a recuperação anestésica de onças-pardas (Puma concolor) submetidas à anestesia com detomidina/cetamina e isofluorano ou sevofluorano para avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal. Para isso, foram utilizados 14 animais divididos alea-toriamente em dois grupos experimentais GISO (n=7) e GSEVO (n=7). Foram submetidos à contenção química com detomidina 0,15mg/kg associada à cetamina 5mg/kg pela via intramuscular, induzidos com propofol 2mg/kg pela via intravenosa e mantidos com isofluorano (GISO) ou sevofluorano. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica saturação de oxihemoglobina, temperatura retal, pressão venosa central e fração expirada de dióxido de carbono. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal e posição quadrupedal também foram avaliados. Não houve diferença estatística para as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e no tempo para adoção da posição quadrupedal. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal foi significativamente menor no GSEVO em relação ao GISO. Concluiu-se que a anestesia de onças pardas com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano foi realizada de maneira segura, com estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e com aumento no tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal no GISO.
#17 - Topography of the conus medullari in tayra (Eira barbara) and their relevance in epidural anesthesia, 33(6):813-816
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Branco E.B., Lins F.L.M.L., Pereira L.C. & Lima A.R. 2013. [Topography of the conus medullari in tayra (Eira barbara) and their relevance in epidural anesthesia.] Topografia do cone medular da irara (Eira barbara) e sua relevância em anestesias epidurais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):813-816. Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Belém PA 66077-530, Brazil. E-mail: ebranco.ufra@gmail.com
Mainly found in South America, tayra is a carnivore belonging to the Mustelidae family, of which is little information regarding its morphology in general. The study aimed to characterize the topography of the medullar cone in order to subsidize epidural anesthetic interventions, since the clinics of wild animals is growing each day. We studied three adult male tayras from the Bauxite Mine area of Paragominas, donated to the Research Laboratory of Animal Morphology, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Belém. They were x-rayed and dissected at the lumbosacral level to expose the medullar cone, which was found between L4-L6 with an average length of 4.31cm. This led us to suggest the sacrococcygeal region as ideal site for practice of epidural anesthesia in this species.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Branco E.B., Lins F.L.M.L., Pereira L.C. & Lima A.R. 2013. [Topography of the conus medullari in tayra (Eira barbara) and their relevance in epidural anesthesia.] Topografia do cone medular da irara (Eira barbara) e sua relevância em anestesias epidurais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):813-816. Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus de Belém PA 66077-530, Brazil. E-mail: ebranco.ufra@gmail.com
Encontrada principalmente na América do Sul, a irara é um carnívoro pertencente à família Mustelidae, a qual pouco se tem informações sobre sua morfologia de forma geral. Diante disso, objetivou-se conhecer melhor parte do sistema nervoso desta espécie, mais precisamente a topografia do cone medular, a fim de subsidiar intervenções anestésicas peridurais nesta, uma vez que a clínica de animais selvagens vem crescendo a cada dia. Foram estudados três exemplares machos, adultos, provenientes da área de Mina Bauxita, Paragominas, doados ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, os quais foram radiografados e dissecados ao nível lombossacral, seguido de exposição do cone medular. Este, por sua vez, situou-se entre L4-L6 possuindo comprimento médio de 4,31cm, o que nos levou a sugerir a região sacrococcígea como ponde ideal para prática de anestesias epidurais nesta espécie.
#18 - Effects of tiletamine/zolazepam or S(+) ketamine/midazolam/tramadol for chemical contention in red howler monkeys (Allouatta guariba clamitans), 33(2):236-240
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Spolti P., De Moraes A.N., Tamanho R.B., Gehrcke M.I., Souza Júnior J.C. & Oleskovicz N. 2013 [Effects of tiletamine/zolazepam or S(+) ketamine/midazolam/tramadol for chemical contention in red howler monkeys (Allouatta guariba clamitans).] Efeitos da associação de tiletamina/zolazepam ou cetamina S(+)/midazolam/tramadol para contenção química em bugios-ruivos (Allouatta guariba clamitans). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(2):236-240. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2no@cav.udesc.br
Two protocols for chemical restraint in howler-redheads were evaluated. We used 12 healthy red howler monkeys, weighing 6.4±0.4 kg, which were fasted and without water six and two hours, respectively. The animals were divided into two groups that received intramuscular injection: TZ (n=6) which received tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil®) at a dose of 3.6mg/kg and CEMTRA (n=6) which received ketamine S (+), tramadol and midazolan (Cemtra®, pilot batch 001/10, Ouro Fino Saúde Animal Ltda, Cravinhos/SP, Brazil, comprising 100mg/ml of ketamine S (+), tramadol 20mg/ml and 10mg/ml of midazolam) in dose of 1ml of the association for each 10kg of body weight, equivalent doses of 10mg/kg, 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg, respectively. Prior to administration of drugs (M0) were evaluated: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), capillary refill time (CRT), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2 ), presence of salivation, degree of muscle relaxation and sedation, Bispectral index (BIS) and Signal Quality BIS (SQI), interdigital pinch response and latency times, ambulation and total recovery (TRT). The parameters were reassessed M5, M10, M20, M30, M40 and M50 (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes after drug administration). In TZ animals were more responsive to the interdigital pinch over time. The animals of CEMTRA showed a higher degree of muscle relaxation and sedation. The RR of CEMTRA was lower after administration of treatment at all times in relation to M0. Among the groups RR of CEMTRA was lower compared to the TZ in M2 and M4. The total time of sedation and recovery was 48±4 min and 150.1±42.1 for the CEMTRA and 38±7 and 73.1±20.6 for the TZ. We conclude that both formulations are safe for containing chemical howler, and the CEMTRA showed better sedation and muscle relaxant.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Spolti P., De Moraes A.N., Tamanho R.B., Gehrcke M.I., Souza Júnior J.C. & Oleskovicz N. 2013 [Effects of tiletamine/zolazepam or S(+) ketamine/midazolam/tramadol for chemical contention in red howler monkeys (Allouatta guariba clamitans).] Efeitos da associação de tiletamina/zolazepam ou cetamina S(+)/midazolam/tramadol para contenção química em bugios-ruivos (Allouatta guariba clamitans). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(2):236-240. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2no@cav.udesc.br
Avaliaram-se dois protocolos para contenção química em bugios-ruivos. Para tal, foram utilizados 12 macacos bugios, hígidos, com peso médio de 6,4±0,4 kg, os quais foram submetidos a jejum alimentar e hídrico de seis e duas horas, respectivamente. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos que receberam injeção via intramuscular: TZ (n=6), os quais receberam uma associação de tiletamina e zolazepam (Zoletil®) na dose de 3,6mg/kg e CEMTRA (n=6), que receberam cetamina S(+), midazolam e tramadol (Cemtra ®, lote piloto 001/10, Ouro Fino Saúde Animal Ltda., Cravinhos, SP-Brasil, constituído por 100mg/ml de cetamina S+, 20mg/ml de tramadol e 10mg/ml de midazolam) na dose de 1ml da associação para cada 10kg de peso corporal, correspondendo às doses de 10mg/kg, 1mg/kg e 2mg/kg, respectivamente. Anteriormente a administração dos fármacos (M0) foram avaliadas: frequência cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), temperatura retal (TR), tempo de preenchimento capilar (TPC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2), presença de salivação, grau de miorrelaxamento e sedação, índice Bispectral (BIS) e Sinal de Qualidade do BIS (SQI), resposta ao pinçamento interdigital e tempos de latência, deambulação e de recuperação total (TRT). Os parâmetros foram reavaliados em M5, M10, M20, M30, M40 e M50 (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 minutos após a administração dos fármacos). No TZ os animais foram mais responsivos ao pinçamento interdigital ao longo dos tempos. Os animais do CEMTRA apresentaram maior grau de miorrelaxamento e de sedação. A f do CEMTRA foi menor após a administração do tratamento em todos os momentos em relação ao M0. Entre grupos a f do CEMTRA foi menor em relação ao TZ em M2 e M4. Os tempos totais de sedação e de recuperação foram de 48±4 e 150,1±42,1 min para o CEMTRA e de 38±7 e 73,1±20,6 para o TZ. Conclui-se que ambas as formulações são seguras para contenção química de bugios, sendo que o CEMTRA apresentou melhor sedação e miorrelaxamento.
#19 - Effects of laparoscopy on the cardiorespiratory system of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine/ midazolam combination and isoflurane, p.555-560
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Munerato M.S., Zanetti E.S., Marques J.A. & Duarte J.M.B. 2008. Effects of laparoscopy on the cardiorespiratory system of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine/ midazolam combination and isoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):555-560. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: marinamunerato@gmail.com
Laparoscopy is not widely used as a tool to perform assisted reproduction techniques in South American cervids; thus, scarce information in literature is available regarding its effects and appropriate anesthetic protocols to perform it. This study evaluated the effect of laparoscopy on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) of six female brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine (5mg/kg), xylazine (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.5mg/kg) combination i.v. and isoflurane. Twelve laparoscopies were performed and each animal was used twice with a 40-day interval. After anesthetized, the animals were placed in dorsal recumbency to perform laparoscopy procedure using abdominal CO2 insufflations (14.2 ± 2.39mmHg; M ± SE). The main events of the laparoscopy procedure were divided into three periods: animal without (P1) and with abdominal insufflation (P2) and abdominal insufflation with the hips raised at 45° (P3). As a control, the animals were anesthetized again 40 days after the last laparoscopy, and were maintained in a dorsal recumbency for the same average duration of the previous anesthesia and no laparoscopy procedure was conducted. The period of anesthesia for the controls was also divided into P1, P2, and P3 considering the average duration of these periods in previous laparoscopies performed. Data were analyzed through the (ANOVA) variance analysis followed by Tukey test and values at P<0.05 were considered significant. No significant differences were observed in the parameters evaluated at P1, P2 and P3 between the animals submitted to laparoscopy and control. However, the RR mean between P1 (38.8 ± 4.42) and P3 (32.7 ± 4.81); and the RT mean between the P1 (38.2°C ± 0.17), P2 (37.6°C ± 0.19) and P3 (37.0°C ± 0.21) varied significantly, independent of the laparoscopy. These data indicated that laparoscopy didn’t cause any significant alterations in the cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated, even though the anesthetic protocol used can cause a reduction in the RT contributing to development of hypothermia during anesthesia.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Munerato M.S., Zanetti E.S., Marques J.A. & Duarte J.M.B. 2008. Effects of laparoscopy on the cardiorespiratory system of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine/ midazolam combination and isoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):555-560. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: marinamunerato@gmail.com
Laparoscopy is not widely used as a tool to perform assisted reproduction techniques in South American cervids; thus, scarce information in literature is available regarding its effects and appropriate anesthetic protocols to perform it. This study evaluated the effect of laparoscopy on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) of six female brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine (5mg/kg), xylazine (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.5mg/kg) combination i.v. and isoflurane. Twelve laparoscopies were performed and each animal was used twice with a 40-day interval. After anesthetized, the animals were placed in dorsal recumbency to perform laparoscopy procedure using abdominal CO2 insufflations (14.2 ± 2.39mmHg; M ± SE). The main events of the laparoscopy procedure were divided into three periods: animal without (P1) and with abdominal insufflation (P2) and abdominal insufflation with the hips raised at 45° (P3). As a control, the animals were anesthetized again 40 days after the last laparoscopy, and were maintained in a dorsal recumbency for the same average duration of the previous anesthesia and no laparoscopy procedure was conducted. The period of anesthesia for the controls was also divided into P1, P2, and P3 considering the average duration of these periods in previous laparoscopies performed. Data were analyzed through the (ANOVA) variance analysis followed by Tukey test and values at P<0.05 were considered significant. No significant differences were observed in the parameters evaluated at P1, P2 and P3 between the animals submitted to laparoscopy and control. However, the RR mean between P1 (38.8 ± 4.42) and P3 (32.7 ± 4.81); and the RT mean between the P1 (38.2°C ± 0.17), P2 (37.6°C ± 0.19) and P3 (37.0°C ± 0.21) varied significantly, independent of the laparoscopy. These data indicated that laparoscopy didn’t cause any significant alterations in the cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated, even though the anesthetic protocol used can cause a reduction in the RT contributing to development of hypothermia during anesthesia.
#20 - Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina, p.541-546
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br
This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br
This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.
