Resultado da pesquisa (39)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa Water
#31 - Esporos e toxinas de Clostridium botulinum em cacimbas utilizadas como bebedouro de bovinos no Vale do Araguaia, Goiás
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Souza A.M., Marques D.F., Döbereiner J. & Dutra I.S. 2006. [Spores and toxins of Clostridium botulinum in raining ponds used as water supply for cattle in pastures in the Araguaia Valley, state of Goiás, Brazil.] Esporos e toxinas de Clostridium botulinum em cacimbas utilizadas como bebedouro de bovinos no Vale do Araguaia, Goiás. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):133-138. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: airesms@vet.ufg.br
The occurrence and distribution of Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D in 300 ponds, used by cattle for drinking on 130 farms located in 12 municipalities of the Rio Araguaia valley, state of Goiás, Brazil, was evaluated. The presence of spores was determined indirectly by cultivation in culture medium, followed by inoculation and neutralization in mice of samples of the sediment from the bottom of the raining ponds, from superficial soil and from cattle feces collected to its circuit. The toxin presence was evaluated directly by inoculation in mice of the filtered sediment of the ponds, followed by the neutralization in mice with antitoxins C and D. The presence of C. botulinum spores was significantly more frequent (p<0,05) in the cattle feces (31%), when compared with the results of the superficial soil samples (19%) and the sediments (10%). Botulinum toxins of type C and D or classified as belonging to the CD compound were detected in 6 samples (2%) of the 300 ponds. Of the 130 worked farms, in 122 (93,85%) ponds Clostridium botulinum spores or toxins were found in at least one of the researched variables, whilst ponds on only 8 (6,15%) farms did not present any contamination. Age and depth of the ponds were associated with the frequency of detection of botulinum spores and toxins. The older and shallower the ponds were, the larger was the frequency of isolation of the spores and toxins. The contamination of the ponds in the Araguaia valley with Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D demonstrates the permanent and growing potential risk for the occurrence of botulism in cattle through drinking water.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Souza A.M., Marques D.F., Döbereiner J. & Dutra I.S. 2006. [Spores and toxins of Clostridium botulinum in raining ponds used as water supply for cattle in pastures in the Araguaia Valley, state of Goiás, Brazil.] Esporos e toxinas de Clostridium botulinum em cacimbas utilizadas como bebedouro de bovinos no Vale do Araguaia, Goiás. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):133-138. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil. E-mail: airesms@vet.ufg.br
The occurrence and distribution of Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D in 300 ponds, used by cattle for drinking on 130 farms located in 12 municipalities of the Rio Araguaia valley, state of Goiás, Brazil, was evaluated. The presence of spores was determined indirectly by cultivation in culture medium, followed by inoculation and neutralization in mice of samples of the sediment from the bottom of the raining ponds, from superficial soil and from cattle feces collected to its circuit. The toxin presence was evaluated directly by inoculation in mice of the filtered sediment of the ponds, followed by the neutralization in mice with antitoxins C and D. The presence of C. botulinum spores was significantly more frequent (p<0,05) in the cattle feces (31%), when compared with the results of the superficial soil samples (19%) and the sediments (10%). Botulinum toxins of type C and D or classified as belonging to the CD compound were detected in 6 samples (2%) of the 300 ponds. Of the 130 worked farms, in 122 (93,85%) ponds Clostridium botulinum spores or toxins were found in at least one of the researched variables, whilst ponds on only 8 (6,15%) farms did not present any contamination. Age and depth of the ponds were associated with the frequency of detection of botulinum spores and toxins. The older and shallower the ponds were, the larger was the frequency of isolation of the spores and toxins. The contamination of the ponds in the Araguaia valley with Clostridium botulinum spores and toxins type C and D demonstrates the permanent and growing potential risk for the occurrence of botulism in cattle through drinking water.
#32 - Evaluation of six serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in water buffaloes, 22(2):41-44
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Molnár L., Molnár E., Lima E.S.C. & Dias H.L.T. 2002. [Evaluation of six serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in water buffaloes.] Avaliação de seis testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose bubalina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):41-44. Centro Agropecuário, Lidea, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil.
Four hundred and forty buffalo sera, selected from about 1,200 blood samples of another study, were examined. The samples were tested by six serological methods: two of agglutination, two of indirect ELISA and two of competitive ELISA. To determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of different tests, animals with a positive result to competitive ELISA of the FAO/IAEA were considered as infected. The relative sensitivity of competitive ELISA, indirect ELISA with conjugate anti-bovine light chain monoclonal antibody labelled with HRPO, indirect ELISA with anti-bovine lgG conjugate, rose Bengal test and rapid slide agglutination test was 100%, 98.57%, 97.14%, 91.42% and 79.28%, and the relative specificity 99.33%, 97.33%, 95.66%, 94.00% and 86.33%, respectively. The value of the different serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis is discussed.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Molnár L., Molnár E., Lima E.S.C. & Dias H.L.T. 2002. [Evaluation of six serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis in water buffaloes.] Avaliação de seis testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose bubalina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):41-44. Centro Agropecuário, Lidea, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil.
Foram examinados 440 soros bubalinos, selecionados em um outro exame de cerca de 1200 amostras sangüíneas. Utilizaram-se seis diferentes testes sorológicos para o exame dessas amostras: dois de aglutinação, dois de ELISA indireto e dois de ELISA competitivo. Os animais positivos no ELISA competitivo da FAO/IAEA foram considerados como infectados, e a comparação com os resultados dos outros testes aconteceu neste sentido. A sensibilidade relativa foi de 100%, 98,57%, 97,14%, 91,42% e 79,28%, e a especificidade relativa de 99,33%, 97,33%, 95,66%, 94,00% e 86,33% nas provas de ELISA competitivo, ELISA indireto com conjugado antibovino de cadeia leve (anticorpo monoclonal com HRPO), ELISA indireto com conjugado contra lgG bovino total, teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e aglutinação rápida, respectivamente. Discute-se o valor dos diferentes testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose.
#33 - Botulism outbreaks in cattle in Brazil associated with contaminated water, 21(2):43-48
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Dutra I.S., Dobereiner J., Rosa I.V., Souza L.A.A. & Nonato M. 2001. [Botulism outbreaks in cattle in Brazil associated with contaminated water] Surtos de botulismo em bovinos no Brasil associados à ingestão de água contaminada. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):43-48. Depto Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Unesp-Campus de Araçatuba, Cx. Postai 533, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil.
Botulism in cattle occurs by ingestion of botulinum toxin C and/or D. Seven outbreaks of the poisoning in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo are reported. The clinical and pathological data, epidemiology and laboratory findings indicate a possible intake of the toxin through contaminated water. The average mortality rate was 20.1%, with 99.2% lethality and 31.62% morbidity. From about 9,000 cattle envolved in the outbreaks, 2,844 animals died, predominantly with a byperacute and acute clinical picture. The high morbidity rates were observed within a short period and affected all categories of cattle, with a clinical and pathological picture characterized by paresis and paralysis of the muscles of locomotion, swallowing and mastigation, with abscence of gross lesions at post-mortem examination. The outbreaks were related to the presence of decomposed animal carcasses or vegetal material in the drinking water. Botulinum toxins C and/or D were detected in water samples, víscera and blood serum of a considerable number of materials examined.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Dutra I.S., Dobereiner J., Rosa I.V., Souza L.A.A. & Nonato M. 2001. [Botulism outbreaks in cattle in Brazil associated with contaminated water] Surtos de botulismo em bovinos no Brasil associados à ingestão de água contaminada. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):43-48. Depto Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Unesp-Campus de Araçatuba, Cx. Postai 533, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil.
Botulismo em bovinos resulta da ingestão de toxina previamente formada. No presente trabalho são descritos sete surtos da intoxicação onde os dados clínico-patológicos, epidemiológicos e os achados laboratoriais indicaram a possível ingestão da toxina através da água contaminada. O coeficiente médio de mortalidade foi de 20, 1%, com letalidade de 99,92%, e morbidade de 31,62%. Dos cerca de 9.000 bovinos envolvidos nos surtos, 2.844 morreram com quadro clínico predominantemente superagudo e agudo. A alta morbidade e mortalidade foram registradas num curto período de tempo e envolveram todas as categorias animais, com quadro clínico-patológico caracterizado por paresia e paralisia da musculatura da locomoção, deglutição e mastigação e ausência de lesões macroscópicas. As circunstâncias em que ocorreram os surtos estiveram relacionadas com a existência de carcaças de animais decompostas ou matéria orgânica vegetal na água de dessedentação. Foram detectadas toxinas botulínicas C e/ou D nas coleções de água, nas vísceras e no soro sangüíneo de parte considerável dos materiais examinados.
#34 - Microbiological characteristics of the water used in the milk production process
Abstract in English:
One hundred samples of the water used for milk production on 10 dairy farms were submitted to counts of total and fecal coliforms, mesophilic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Escherichia colí. The numbers of the indicator microorganisms showed the deficient hygienic and sanitaty conditions on the farms. The results showed also the presence of S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and E. coli in 4 (4.0%), 52 (52.0%) and 26 (26.0%) samples respectively. The counts indicate that the water examined is a potential hazard for the sanitaty conditions of the mammary gland and the microbiological quality of the milk.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Foram realizados contagens de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, microrganismos mesófilos, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e de Escherichia coli em 100 amostras de água utilizada na higienização de animais, equipamentos e utensílios de ordenha, oriundo de 10 propriedades leiteiras. Além da precária qualidade higiênico-sanitária verificada através das pesquisas dos. microrganismos indicadores, os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, também, a presença de Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e de Escherichía colí em 4 (4,0%), 52 (52,0%) e 26 (26,0%) amostras, respectivamente. Tais achados sugerem que as águas analisadas podem representar importante risco potencial tanto para o estado sanitário da glândula mamária como para a qualidade microbiológica do leite.
#35 - Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from water buffaloes slaughtered for consumption in Belém, Pará
Abstract in English:
A Chlamydia agent was isolated from 14 (70%) samples of organs and carcasses of slaughtered water buffaloes identified as Chlamydia by its morphological and staining characteristics, its pathogenic effect on chicken embryos. It was characterized as Chlamydia psittaci by the direct immunofluorescence test. In the isolation experiment, the serial passages system of inoculation from organs to the yolk sac of embryonated chicken was used, and 3 passages were made for each sample. The identification and characterization of isolates were made by the observation of typical cytoplasmatic inclusions in smears of the yolk sac membrane of embryos after inoculation and impressions of lesioned organs, stained by Giemsa, Macchiavello and Castañeda methods and by the fluorescence antibodies technique. Twenty samples of organs and carcass of water buffaloes that presented inflammation of the serosa in one or more of the lungs, liver and heart were studied. The lung was the organ with greatest number of isolates (8), followed by brain (6), liver (5) and heart (2). A significant correlation between the macroscopic lesions and the positive fluorescence of the agent in the correspondent inoculum was observed in the lung.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Um agente clamidiano foi isolado de 14 (70%) amostras de órgãos e carcaças de bubalinos abatidos para consumo e identificado como Chlamydia através de suas características morfológicas, tintorias e efeito patogênico para o embrião de galinha e caracterizado como Chlamydia psittaci no teste de imunofluorescência direta. No isolamento foi utilizado o sistema de passagens seriadas de inóculos de órgãos no saco vitelíno de ovos embrionados de galinha tendo sido executadas três passagens para cada amostra. A identificação e caracterização dos microrganismos isolados foi feita através de observação de inclusões citoplasmáticas típicas em esfregaços de membrana vitelina de ovos embrionados pós-inoculação e em impressões de órgãos lesados, corados pelo método de Giemsa, Macchiavello e Castañeda, e através do teste de imunofluorescência para Chlamydia psittaci. Foram estudadas 20 amostras de órgãos e carcaça de bubalinos que apresentavam processo de inflamação de serosa em um ou mais dos seguintes órgãos - pulmão, coração e fígado. O pulmão foi o órgão do qual se obteve maior número de isolados 8, seguido do cérebro, 6, fígado, 5 e coração 2. No caso do pulmão observou-se uma significativa correlação entre as lesões macroscópicas destes órgãos estudados e a imunofluorescência positiva para o agente, nos inóculos correspondentes.
#36 - Enzootic botulism of water buffaloes in Maranhão, Brazil
Abstract in English:
A clinical diagnosis of enzootic botulism of water buffaloes and the caracteristics of the probable predisposing conditions in the northern lowland region of the State of Maranhão are described. In this region buffaloes graze on lowland pastures together with cattle and horses during the dry season. Botulism occurred in approximately 10% of the buffaloes that existed in the área during the dry season at the end of the years 1978 and 1979. Affected buffaloes showed motor incoordination and flacid paresis, and the dísease usually had a protracted course, generally leadíng to death. Initially, animals had difficulty walking, with the forelegs being more severely affected, resulting in the tips of the hooves being dragged along the ground. These buffaloes also experienced dífficulties lying down and getting up. As the disease progressed, the animals remained lying down in either the sternal-abdominal position or on their sides, depending on the intensity of the flacid muscular paresis. However, psychic reflexes remained normal. There were no gross post-mortem lesions or histopathological changes in one buffalo necropsied, which could reveal the nature of the clinical signs. It has been speculated that the numerous stagnant water boles existing in the area in which the buffaloes wallow and drink during the dry season, contain the botulinus toxin responsible for the outbreaks. Cattle and horses, reared together with the buffaloes, do not utilize these water boles and have not been seen to develop clinical signs. Because of technical difficulties, no attempt was made to demonstrate the presence of the botulinus toxin in either the affected animals or the water boles.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Foi descrito o diagnóstico clínico de botulismo enzoótico de búfalos e caracterizadas as condições ecológicas predisponentes, na baixada maranhense, no norte do Estado do Maranhão. Nesta região são mantidos, coletivamente, durante o período de estiagem, búfalos, bovinos e eqüídeos. O botulismo ocorreu, em aproximadamente 10% dos búfalos, durante o período seco, no final dos anos de 1978 e 1979, e caracterizou-se por incoordenação motora com paresia flácida e lenta evolução para a morte da maioria dos animais. Os sintomas clínicos incipientes externavam-se por certos distúrbios da locomoção, principalmente na movimentação dos membros anteriores e a flexão da articulação carpal, assim que as pinças roçavam o solo ao andar. Os animais afetados mostravam insegurança ao deitar e tinham dificuldade ao se levantar. Com a evolução da doença, os búfalos doentes permaneciam deitados, em decúbito esterno-abdominal ou lateral dependendo da intensidade da paresia flácida da musculatura de relação, porém os reflexos psíquicos ainda estavam normais. Búfalos doentes não conseguiam sair da água. Os achados de necropsia não revelaram lesões macro e microscópicas que justificassem o quadro clínico. A fonte de contágio de botulismo foi atribuída às inúmeras poças d'água estagnadas que se formavam, anualmente, durante o período de estiagem a nas quais os búfalos se banhavam. Ao contrário, os bovinos e eqüinos que, não se utilizando desta água estagnada, não morreram. Por dificuldades técnicas não pôde ser comprovada a presença da toxina botulínica.
#37 - Reproductive disturbances in water buffalo cows in the lower Amazon region
Abstract in English:
Water buffalo cows belonging to four different farms in the county of Almeirim, State of Pará. Brazil, were submitted to clinical examination with main emphasis on the gynecological aspects. Among 629 buffalo cows, 289 (45.94%) were pregnant, with 193 (66.78%) in the right and 96 (33.21%) in the left hom respectively. Twelve (4.15%) of them had abnormalities in their genitalia. Among 340 non-pregnant buffalo cows, 183 (53.82%) showed some kind of abnormality in the ovaries, the tubular genitalia or in both, and 157 (46.17%) animals showed no overt abnormalities. In the total of 629 buffalo cows the following abnormatities were observed: a) abnormal ovaries - non functional ovaries 102 (16.21 %) cases, paraovarian cysts 4 (0.63%), follicular cysts 1 (0.15%), bursa ovarian cysts 1 (0.15%), teratoma 1 (0.15%); b) oviductal abnormalities - slight adhesions 20 (3.17% ), severe adhesions 5 (0.79% ), hydrosalpinge 2 (0.31 % ); c) uterine and cervical abnormalities - slight chronic endometritis 17 (2.70%), moderate chronic endometritis 9 (1.43%), severechronic endometritis 6 (0.95%), perimetritis 4 (0.63%), parametritis 1 (0.15%), cervicitis 6 (0.95%); d) vaginal and vulvar abnormalities - vaginitis 4 (0.63%), lacerated vulva 12 (1.90%).
Abstract in Portuguese:
Examinaram-se clinicamente 629 búfalas pertencentes a quatro fazendas do município de Almeirim, Estado do Pará, Baixo Amazonas, Brasil. Das 629 búfalas examinadas, 289 (45,94%) encontravam-se gestantes, sendo 193 (66,78%) no corno direito e 96 (33,21%) no corno esquerdo. Doze (4,15%) delas apresentaram alterações no sistema genital. Das 340 búfalas não gestantes, 183 (53,82%) apresentavam alguma alteração nos ovários, na genitália tubular, ou em ambos, enquanto que 157 (46,17%) apresentavam-se sem aterações perceptíveis. No total das 629 búfalas examinadas foram constatadas as seguintes alterações: a) alterações ovarianas: ovários afuncionais 102 (16,21%), cistos para-ováricos 4(0,63%), cisto folicular 1 (0,15%), cistos da bursa ovárica 1 (0,15%), teratoma 1 (0,15%); b) alterações no oviduto: aderências leves 20 (3,17%), aderências graves 5 (0,79%), hidrosalpinge 2 (0,31 %); c) alterações no útero e na cérvice: endometrite crônica suave 17 (2, 70% ), endometrite crônica moderada 9 (1,43%), endometrite crônica severa 6 (0,91 %), perimetrite 4 (0,63%), parametrite 1 (0,15%), cervicite 6 (0,95%); d) alterações da vagina e vulva: vaginite 4 (0,63%), vulva dilacerada 12 (1,90%).
#38 - Comparative evaluation of different administration methods of a vaccine prepared with the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus
Abstract in English:
A comparative study of different application methods of a vaccine prepared with the LaSota strain, in primary vaccination against Newcastle disease, was· carried out in broiler-chicks from immune parental stock. Primary vaccination of seven day old birds was performed by aerosol, eye drop instillation and drinking water. The aerosol method induced the highest response of the hemagglutination inhiniting antibody, which was significant at the 5% level of probability whem compared to the eyedrop and drinking water methods. Whem vaccinated birds were challenged, it was found that the aerosol method provided better protection than the drinking water method, significant at the 5% level of probability. However, no significant diferences could be detected between the aerosol and the eyedrop methods. There was no correlalion between the hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers found and the protection to challenge.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Um estudo comparativo entre diferentes métodos de administração de vacina preparada com a estirpe LaSota, em primovacinação contra a doença de Newcastle, foi realizado em pintos de corte, procedentes de matrizes imunizadas. Empregando-se primovacinação aos sete dias de idade das aves, pelas vias aerógenas, ocular e oral; o método aerosol induziu melhor resposta de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação (HI), com significância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, em relação aos métodos ocular e oral. No teste de proteção ao desafio, verificou-se a supremacia do método aerosol em relação ao oral, com significância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade, entretanto, sem diferenças significativas entre os métodos aerosol e ocular. Os títulos de anticorpos inibidores da hemaglutinação, em têrmos de valores médios não guardaram correspondência com os índices de proteção ao desafio.
#39 - Susceptibility of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) to enzootic bovine leukosis virus
Abstract in English:
Tissue culture fluids containing enzootic bovine leukosis virus (BLV) and heparinized whole blood obtained from a virologically and serologically BLV-positive cow, were inoculated intra-abdominally into 14 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). After eight months of observation, four buffaloes inoculated with blood had specific antibodies against the major glycoprotein (gp55) of BLV, as detected by the immunodiffusion test. Cultures of leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of the serologically positive buffaloes contained Type-C viral particles, confirming the experimental susceptibility of Bubalus bubalis to BLV. On the other hand, a survey for antibodies performed on the sera of 234 buffaloes did not provide evidence of natural infection with BLV. These results indicate that Bubalus bubalis is susceptible to experimental infection with BLV, but that BLV does not seem to cycle naturally in this species.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Fluidos de culturas celulares infectadas com o vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (VLB) e sangue total heparinizado obtido de uma vaca virologicamente e sorologicamente positiva ao VLB, foram inoculados intra-abdominalmente em 14 búfalos (Bubalus bubalis). Depois de oito meses de observação, quatro búfalos inoculados com sangue possuiam anticorpos específicos para a glicoproteína maior (gp55) do VLB, os quais foram detectados através da prova de imunodifusão para o VLB. Culturas de leucócitos isolados do sangue periférico dos búfalos sorologicamente positivos, continham partículas virais de Tipo C, confirmando-se assim, a susceptibilidade experimental de Bubalus bubalis ao VLB. Por outro lado, um levantamento para anticorpos realizado no soro de 234 búfalos, não forneceu evidência da infecção natural com o VLB. Estes resultados indicam, que Bubalus bubalis é susceptível à infecção experimental com o VLB, mas o VLB não parece circular naturalmente nesta espécie.
