PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho L.C.A., Medeiros E.S., Silveira N.S.S., Silva L.B.G. & Mota R.A. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of disinfectants used for antisepsis of teats against yeasts isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes utilizados na anti-sepsia dos tetos frente a leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):61-65. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro sensibility of yeast isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis against some commercial disinfectants used in pre and post-dipping in dairy farms of the State of Pernambuco. After identification, 12 yeast isolates were tested with the following disinfectants: iodine at 0,57%, chlorine at 2,5%, chlorhexidine, lactic acid and quaternary ammonium at 2,0%, at different exposure times. It was observed that 100% of the isolates were sensitive to chlorhexidine at all exposure times. Iodine has obtained the second best result with the following percentages: 83,33% were susceptible at 15’’ exposure, 91,7% in 30’’ and 100% were sensitive at 60’’ 300’’ and 600’’ times. For lactic acid, the results were 41,67% sensitive at 15’’ of exposure, 58,33% at 30’’, 66,7% at 60’’ and 300’’ and 75% at 600’’. In the analysis of the results for quaternary ammonium, it was observed that 66,67% were sensitive in 15’’and 30’’ times and 91,67% at 60’’, 300’’ and 600’’. Regarding the chlorine activity, only 16,67% were sensitive at the 15’’ and 30’’ times, and 25% at 60’’, 300’’ and 600’’. It was concluded that chlorhexidine and iodine have disinfectant activity significantly superior to chlorine, against to yeast involved in infectious processes of the mammary gland in cattle. It is necessary to perform a periodic assessment of the disinfectant activity from products used in the pre and post-dipping routine against dairy farms microorganisms most commonly involved in cases of mastitis (bacterial or fungal) which is an effective alternative to reduce the frequency of mastitis in cattle.

• Disinfectants candida mastitis desinfetantes mastites

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Coutinho L.C.A., Medeiros E.S., Silveira N.S.S., Silva L.B.G. & Mota R.A. 2012. [In vitro efficacy of disinfectants used for antisepsis of teats against yeasts isolated from milk of dairy cows with mastitis.] Eficácia in vitro de desinfetantes utilizados na anti-sepsia dos tetos frente a leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):61-65. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de leveduras isoladas do leite de vaca com mastite frente a alguns desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping em propriedades leiteiras do Estado de Pernambuco. Após a identificação, 12 isolados de leveduras foram submetidos aos testes com os seguintes princípios ativos: iodo (0,57%), cloro (2,5%), clorexidine (2,0%), ácido láctico (2,0%) e amônia quaternária (2,0%) em cinco tempos distintos (15”, 30”, 60”, 300” e 600”). Observou-se que 100% dos isolados mostraram-se sensíveis ao clorexidine, em todos os tempos de exposição. O iodo obteve o segundo melhor resultado com os seguintes percentuais: 83,33% foram sensíveis em 15” de exposição, 91,67% em 30” e 100% foram sensíveis nos tempos 60”, 300” e 600”. Para o ácido láctico, os resultados foram: 41,67% sensíveis em 15” de exposição, 58,33% em 30”, 66,67% em 60” e 300” e 75% em 600”. Na Análise dos resultados para amônia quaternária, observou-se que 66,67% foram sensíveis nos tempos 15” e 30”, e 91,67% em 60”, 300” e 600”. Em relação ao princípio ativo cloro apenas 16,67% foram sensíveis no tempo de 15” e 30”, e 25% em 60”, 300” e 600”. Conclui-se que o clorexidine e o iodo apresentam atividade desinfetante significativamente superior ao cloro, frente a leveduras envolvidas nos processos infecciosos da glândula mamária em bovinos. É necessário realizar uma avaliação periódica da atividade desinfetante dos produtos utilizados na rotina do pré e pós-dipping nas propriedades leiteiras frente aos microrganismos mais comumente envolvidos nos casos de mastite (micótica ou bacteriana), pois esta é uma medida eficaz para reduzir a frequência de casos de mastite nos rebanhos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Genaro G. & Franci C.R. 2010. Cortisol influence on testicular testosterone secretion in domestic cat: An in vitro study. [Ação do cortisol sobre a secreção de testosterona em testículos de gato doméstico: um estudo in vitro.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(10):887-890. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Cx. Postal 390, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14001-970, Brazil. E-mail: ggenaro@ffclrp.usp.br The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of corticosteroids (exogen) on in vitro testosterone secretion after stress by transportation (40 minutes). Feline testes (Felis silvestris catus) were incubated in the following media: TCM 199; TCM 199 + hCG 10–7M; TCM 199 + hydrocortisone 10–7M, or TCM 199 + hCG + hydrocortisone. The animals (n=21) were allocated into three groups: (S) that arrived at 3 h prior to surgery, (A) that remained in the laboratory for 36 h before being submitted to surgical procedure, and (C) that were also allowed to remain for 36 hours in the laboratory before the surgical procedure, but whose testes had been incubated with hydrocortisone prior to incubation in the referred media. The results showed that group S secreted higher levels of testosterone, regardless of the culture media. It is noteworthy that the suppressing action of hydrocortisone sodium succinate led to a reduction in the testosterone concentration, despite the presence of hCG.

• Testosterone cortisol testosterona

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Genaro G. & Franci C.R. 2010. Cortisol influence on testicular testosterone secretion in domestic cat: An in vitro study. [Ação do cortisol sobre a secreção de testosterona em testículos de gato doméstico: um estudo in vitro.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(10):887-890. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Cx. Postal 390, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14001-970, Brazil. E-mail: ggenaro@ffclrp.usp.br O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito da hidrocortisona sobre a secreção de testosterona após cultivo in vitro dos testículos, em distintas situações de estresse (transporte) de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus). Testículos foram incubados nos seguintes meios de cultura: TCM 199; TCM 199 + hCG 10–7M; TCM 199 + hydrocortisona 10–7M e TCM 199 + hCG + hidrocortisona. Os animais (n=21) foram alocados em 3 sub-grupos: (S) animal admitido 3 horas antes da orquiectomia, (A) animais orquiectomizados após 36 horas de permanência no biotério e (C) animais que permaneceram por 36 horas no biotério antes da cirurgia e que tiveram seus testículos pré-incubados em hidrocortisona. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo S secretou maiores valores de testosterona em todas as condições estudadas. É válido mencionar que a supressão promovida pela hidrocortisona também promoveu redução na concentração de testosterona no meio TCM 199, a despeito da presença de hCG.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Araújo V.R., Lima-Verde I.B., Name K.P.O., Báo S.N., Campelo C.C., Silva J.R.V., Rodrigues A.P.R. & Figueiredo J.R. 2010. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (BMP-6) induces atresia in goat primordial follicles cultured in vitro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(9):770-776. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60740-000, Brazil. E-mail: val_exclusiva@yahoo.com.br This study investigated the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) on in vitro primordial follicle development in goats. Samples of goat ovarian cortex were cultured in vitro for 1 or 7 days in Minimum Essential Medium (control medium) supplemented with different concentrations of BMP-6. Follicle survival, activation and growth were evaluated through histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After 7 days of culture, histological analysis demonstrated that BMP-6 enhanced the percentages of atretic primordial follicles when compared to fresh control (day 0). Nevertheless, BMP-6 increased follicular and oocyte diameter during both culture periods. As the culture period progressed from day 1 to day 7, a significant increase in follicle diameter was observed with 1 or 50ng/ml BMP-6. However, on the contrary to that observed with the control medium TEM revealed that follicles cultured for up to 7 days with 1 or 50ng/ml BMP-6 had evident signs of atresia. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BMP-6 negatively affects the survival and ultrastructure of goat primordial follicles.

• Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 folliculogenesis Proteína Morfogenética Óssea-6 foliculogênese

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Araújo V.R., Lima-Verde I.B., Name K.P.O., Báo S.N., Campelo C.C., Silva J.R.V., Rodrigues A.P.R. & Figueiredo J.R. 2010. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (BMP-6) induces atresia in goat primordial follicles cultured in vitro. [A Proteína Morfogenética Óssea-6 (BMP-6) induz a atresia em folículos primordiais caprinos cultivados in vitro.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(9):770-776. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60740-000, Brazil. E-mail: val_exclusiva@yahoo.com.br O presente estudo investigou os efeitos da proteína morfogenética óssea-6 (BMP-6) no desenvolvimento in vitro de folículos primordiais caprinos. Amostras de córtex ovariano de cabras foram cultivados por 1 ou 7 dias em Meio Essencial Mínimo (meio controle) suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BMP-6. As taxas de sobrevivência, ativação e crescimento foram avaliadas por histologia clássica e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Após 7 dias de cultivo, a análise histológica demonstrou que a BMP-6 aumentou o percentual de folículos primordiais degenerados no dia 7 quando comparados ao controle fresco (D0). Além disso, houve um aumento significativo do diâmetro folicular e oocitário em ambos os períodos de cultivo em todos os tratamentos na presença de BMP-6. Com a progressão do cultivo do dia 1 para o dia 7, nos tratamentos com 1 ou 50ng/ml de BMP-6, foi observado um aumento significativo no diâmetro folicular. Entretanto, contrário ao observado no meio controle, a MET revelou que os folículos cultivados nesses tratamentos apresentavam sinais evidentes de atresia. Em conclusão, esse estudo demonstrou que a BMP-6 afeta negativamente a sobrevivência e a ultra-estrutura de folículos primordiais caprinos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Benesi A.Q., Hartman M., Azedo M.R., Batista C.F., Blagitz M.G., Benesi F.J. & Della Libera A.M.M.P. 2010. [Effect of dry cow therapy products on the in vitro phagocytic function of goat milk leukocytes.] Efeito de medicamentos indicados para a prevenção da mastite bovina no período seco sobre a função fagocítica in vitro de leucócitos do leite de caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):385-388. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: hartman@usp.br The use of specific anti-mastitis drugs is indicated in dry cow therapy to prevent infections in the following lactation. Nonetheless, cells active in the dry period are of fundamental importance for the involution of the mammary gland and its recovery for the following lactation. Since there are no specific drugs for dry goat therapy, the dry cow therapy drugs tend to be misused in goats despite of the anatomical and physiological differences apart from the particularities of the two species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of five drugs specific for dry cow therapy on the function of goat milk phagocytes. Somatic cells were isolated from 20 milk samples of 10 lactating goats that had not been treated for mastitis during the previous 30 days. Milk samples were collected properly and microbiological culture yielded negative results. Cells adherent to glass coverslips were treated with commercially available dry cow therapy drugs containing active principles such as Gentamicin (M1), Cephalonium anhydrous (M2), Ampicillin (M3), Cloxacillin benzathine (M4) and Cephapirin benzathine (M5). Phagocytosis of Zymosan particles was evaluated. Mean phagocytosis indexes of cells treated with M2 (15.12% ± 16.22), M3 (6.02% ± 7.96), M4 (4.54% ± 5.45) and M5 (2.47% ± 4.64) were lower (p<0.001) than mean phagocytosis index of the control group (40.67% ± 19.68). Mean phagocytosis index of cells treated with M2 was greater (p<0.05) than those treated with M3, M4 and M5, whereas means of the latter three treatments were statistically similar. M1-treated cells did not adhere adequately to the cover slips, making it impossible to evaluate phagocytosis in this group. The results obtained enable the conclusion that drugs used affected milk phagocytes negatively. However, interference on somatic cell function is not the sole factor determining an unsuccessful dry period therapy, since the efficacy of the active principle on pathogens responsible for infectious processes also has to be considered.

• Mastitis milk mastite leite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Benesi A.Q., Hartman M., Azedo M.R., Batista C.F., Blagitz M.G., Benesi F.J. & Della Libera A.M.M.P. 2010. [Effect of dry cow therapy products on the in vitro phagocytic function of goat milk leukocytes.] Efeito de medicamentos indicados para a prevenção da mastite bovina no período seco sobre a função fagocítica in vitro de leucócitos do leite de caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):385-388. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: hartman@usp.br O uso de medicamentos antimamíticos específicos para vacas no período seco é indicado para prevenção de infecções na lactação seguinte. Não obstante, a ação das células envolvidas no período de secagem tem fundamental importância para a involução da glândula mamária e seu restabelecimento para a lactação subseqüente. A indisponibilidade de tais medicamentos para uso em cabras tem resultado na extrapolação do uso de produtos recomendados para vacas sem que se considerem as particularidades e diferenças anátomo-fisiológicas entre as espécies bovina e caprina. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de cinco antimamíticos específicos para vacas secas sobre a função dos fagócitos provenientes de leite caprino. Para tal, fez-se o isolamento de células somáticas de 20 amostras de leite provenientes de 10 cabras lactantes, sem antecedentes de tratamento de mamite nos últimos 30 dias, sob condições higiênico-sanitárias de colheita e com resultados negativos ao cultivo microbiológico do leite. As células aderidas a lamínulas de vidro foram confrontadas com formulações contendo princípios ativos disponíveis no mercado como Gentamicina (M1), Cefalônio Anidro (M2), Ampicilina (M3), Cloxacilina Benzatínica (M4) e Cefapirina Benzatínica (M5). Avaliou-se, por microscopia, a fagocitose de partículas de Zymosan. As médias dos índices de fagocitose das células submetidas ao tratamento com M2 (15,12% ± 16,22), M3 (6,02% ± 7,96), M4 (4,54% ± 5,45) e M5 (2,47% ± 4,64) foram menores (p<0,001) que a média dos índices de fagocitose do grupo controle (40,67% ± 19,68). A média dos índices de fagocitose das células submetidas ao tratamento com M2 foi maior (p<0,05) que as médias dos tratamentos com M3, M4 e M5 enquanto estas foram estatisticamente iguais entre si. As amostras celulares submetidas ao medicamento M1 exibiram adesão insuficiente ou ausente às lamínulas, inviabilizando a avaliação da fagocitose por meio da técnica utilizada. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os medicamentos estudados exerceram influência negativa sobre os fagócitos do leite, porém, esta interferência sobre as funções das células somáticas não pode por si só determinar o insucesso da terapia proposta para o período seco, pois deve ser considerada, outrossim, a eficácia do princípio ativo sobre o patógeno causador do processo infeccioso.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Araújo V.R., Silva C.M.G., Magalhães D.M., Silva G.M., Báo S.N., Silva J.R.V., Figueiredo J.R. & Rodrigues A.P.R. 2010. Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) on in vitro survival of caprine preantral follicles. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):305-310. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60740-000, Brazil. E-mail: val_exclusiva@yahoo.com.br This study was conducted in order to verify the effect of different concentrations of BMP-7 in the in vitro survival and development of caprine preantral follicles. Fragments of caprine ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 1 or 7 days in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM+) supplemented with different concentrations of BMP-7 (1, 10, 50 or 100ng/ml). Non-cultured fragments or those cultured for 1 or 7 days were processed for classical histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Parameters such as follicular survival, activation and growth were evaluated. The results showed that, after 1 or 7 days of culture, the percentage of morphologically normal follicles was significantly reduced in all treatments when compared with fresh control, except at 1ng/ml of BMP-7 for 1 day. In addition, the concentration of 10ng/ml of BMP-7 significantly increases follicular diameter from day 1 to 7 of culture. There was no influence of the other concentrations of BMP-7 regarding to the follicular and oocyte diameter. Ultrastructure studies confirmed follicular integrity after 7 days of culture in 1ng/ml BMP-7. In conclusion, small concentrations of BMP-7 can improve the survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles during in vitro culture.

• Ovary preantral follicles bone morphogenetic protein-7 ovário folículos pré-antrais proteína morfogenética óssea 7

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Araújo V.R., Silva C.M.G., Magalhães D.M., Silva G.M., Báo S.N., Silva J.R.V., Figueiredo J.R. & Rodrigues A.P.R. 2010. Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) on in vitro survival of caprine preantral follicles. [Efeito da Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 7 (BMP-7) para a sobrevivência in vitro de folículos pré-antrais caprinos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):305-310. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE 60740-000, Brazil. E-mail: val_exclusiva@yahoo.com.br O presente trabalho foi conduzido de modo a se verificar o efeito de diferentes concentrações da BMP-7 no desenvolvimento in vitro de folículos pré-antrais caprinos. Fragmentos de tecido cortical ovariano caprino foram cultivados por 1 ou 7 dias em Minimum Essential Medium (MEM+) suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BMP-7 (1, 10, 50 ou 100ng/ml). Os fragmentos não cultivados ou aqueles cultivados por 1 ou 7 dias foram processados para histologia clássica e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM), sendo avaliados parâmetros morfológicos indicativos de viabilidade, ativação e crescimento. Os resultados mostraram que o percentual de folículos morfologicamente normais diminuiu significativamente em todos os tratamentos quando comparados ao controle, exceto na concentração de 1ng/ml por 1 dia de cultivo. Já no D7 todos os tratamentos reduziram significativamente os percentuais de folículos morfologicamente normais. Utilizando 10ng/ml de BMP-7 foi observado um aumento significativo no diâmetro folicular quando comparados os diferentes períodos de cultivo. Não houve influência das demais concentrações de BMP-7 quando avaliados além do diâmetro folicular o diâmetro oocitário. A análise por TEM confirmou a integridade ultra-estrutural nos folículos após 7 dias de cultivo com 1ng/ml de BMP-7 . Em conclusão, o BMP-7 em baixas concentrações pode melhorar a sobrevivência e o crescimento durante o cultivo in vitro de folículos pré-antrais caprinos.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Paes Leme F.O., Wurzinger L., Alves G.E.S., Costa-Val A.P., Pinotti M.B., Paes P.R.O. & Oliveira M.E.C. 2009. [In vitro inibition and reversion of equine platelet aggregation using ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumin.] Inibição e reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro com o uso de ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):803-808. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: fabiola@vet.ufmg.br Como são várias as enfermidades e os distúrbios que induzem à hipercoagulabilidade e à pré-ativação de plaquetas em eqüinos. A atividade de medicamentos utilizados para controle dessas enfermidades sobre a agregação de plaquetas pode, não apenas servir para avaliar sua evolução, como também a resposta terapêutica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a prevenção e a reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro foram utilizados os antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES): ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. A comparação demonstrou que a fenilbutazona e o ketoprofeno previnem a agregação de plaquetas de eqüinos induzida pelo ADP, de forma mais eficaz do que o flunixim-meglumine e, superior ao fragmento monoclonal de anticorpo Reopro, sendo semelhante a dos bloqueadores de receptores de membrana Ro-438857 e RGDS. Quanto a reverão da agregação plaquetária tanto a fenilbutazona quanto o ketoprofeno demonstraram efeitos dose-dependente.

• Aggregometry ADP Reopro RGDS Ro-438857 NSAId

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Paes Leme F.O., Wurzinger L., Alves G.E.S., Costa-Val A.P., Pinotti M.B., Paes P.R.O. & Oliveira M.E.C. 2009. [In vitro inibition and reversion of equine platelet aggregation using ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumin.] Inibição e reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro com o uso de ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):803-808. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: fabiola@vet.ufmg.br Several diseases may lead to platelet pre-activation and hypercoagulability states in horses. The activity of many drugs against platelet aggregation may, not only contribute to the evaluation of a disease but also its response to the therapy. With the aim to study in vitro prevention and reversion of platelet aggregation, the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin-meglumin were evaluated. The comparison demonstrated that phenylbutazone and ketoprophen prevented platelet aggregation induced by ADP better than flunixin-meglumin, in a superior manner to the monoclonal antibody Reopro, and in a better way than the membrane receptor blockers Ro-438857 and RGDS. The reversion of platelet aggregation demonstrated that even phenylbutazone or ketoprophen have a dose-dependent effect.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

• Milk mastitis antimicrobial sensitivity Staphylococcus spp

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Mota R.A., Santos M.V., Freitas M.F.L. Pinheiro Jr J.W. & Teles J.A. A. 2009. [In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity to Staphylococcus spp. isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.] Sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas do leite de vacas com mastite subclínica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(7):569-574. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 51171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility of 291 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., taken from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife (A), Agreste (B) and Zona da Mata (C) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. From the 291 isolates, 170 (58.4%) were identified as negative coagulase Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus, and 37 (12.7%) as positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP). To study sensitivity to antimicrobials, the diffusion in disks method was used with 16 antimicrobial drugs commonly employed in the treatment of mastitis. The most efficient antibiotic in vitro was the combination of neomicine + bacitracine + tetracycline with percentages of 98.4%, 99.3%, and 89.7% for the A, B, and C regions, respectively. The least efficient was ampicillin, which was resistant to 56.5% of the isolates taken from region A, 72.8% from region B, and 71.8% from region C. These results indicate the need for periodic testing of sensitivity in vitro, as these variations can compromise the treatment of animals as well as control programs for bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Santos M.V., Pinheiro Jr J.W., Faria E.B., Wanderley G.G., Teles J.A.A. & Mota R.A. 2009. [In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis.] Avaliação in vitro da eficácia de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping frente amostras de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de mastite bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):71-75. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro sensibility of Staphylococcus spp. to several commercially available disinfectants used for pre and post dipping. A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50) and Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (10) were obtained from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife, the Agreste and the Zona da Mata of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. As active ingredients were used a chlorine base (25%), iodine (0.6%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), quaternary ammonium (4.0%), and lactic acid (2.0%) at four specific intervals (15", 30", 60", and 300"). One hundred percent of S. aureus was found to be sensitive to iodine, 93.3% to chlorhexidine, 80% to ammonia, 35.6% to lactic acid, and 97.8% were resistant to chlorine at a 60-minute interval. With respect to the Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP), 100.0% of the isolates were sensitive to iodine, 81.8% to quaternary ammonium, 99.9% to lactic acid, 72.7% to chlorhexidine, and 100% was resistant to chlorine at an interval of 60 minutes. It can be concluded that the highest disinfectant activity in vitro was found to be with iodine and chlorhexidine for S. aureus, and with iodine and lactic acid for SCP. A further conclusion was that it is important to undertake a periodic evaluation of the disinfectants used on the dairy properties in the regions studied, given the variety of sensibilities and resistance to disinfectants used, which may prejudice the control of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

• Disinfectants mastitis Staphylococcus spp. dairy cows

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Medeiros E.S., Santos M.V., Pinheiro Jr J.W., Faria E.B., Wanderley G.G., Teles J.A.A. & Mota R.A. 2009. [In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of commercial disinfectants used in pre and post-dipping against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis.] Avaliação in vitro da eficácia de desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping frente amostras de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de mastite bovina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):71-75. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro sensibility of Staphylococcus spp. to several commercially available disinfectants used for pre and post dipping. A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50) and Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (10) were obtained from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife, the Agreste and the Zona da Mata of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. As active ingredients were used a chlorine base (25%), iodine (0.6%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), quaternary ammonium (4.0%), and lactic acid (2.0%) at four specific intervals (15", 30", 60", and 300"). One hundred percent of S. aureus was found to be sensitive to iodine, 93.3% to chlorhexidine, 80% to ammonia, 35.6% to lactic acid, and 97.8% were resistant to chlorine at a 60-minute interval. With respect to the Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP), 100.0% of the isolates were sensitive to iodine, 81.8% to quaternary ammonium, 99.9% to lactic acid, 72.7% to chlorhexidine, and 100% was resistant to chlorine at an interval of 60 minutes. It can be concluded that the highest disinfectant activity in vitro was found to be with iodine and chlorhexidine for S. aureus, and with iodine and lactic acid for SCP. A further conclusion was that it is important to undertake a periodic evaluation of the disinfectants used on the dairy properties in the regions studied, given the variety of sensibilities and resistance to disinfectants used, which may prejudice the control of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- La Paz M.N., Fonseca V.U., Campos D.B., Artoni L.P., Sousa L.M.M.C. & Papa P.C. 2007. [In vitro progesterone production from bovine corpus luteum throughout gestation.] Produção de progesterona in vitro pelas células do corpo lúteo bovino ao longo da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):370376. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ppapa@usp.br The aim was to test the hypothesis that cultivated bovine luteal cells from three different thirds of pregnancy behave the same way as in vivo luteal cells relative to P4 production. Corpus luteum samples from days 90 (n=3), 150 (n=3) and 210 (n=3) of pregnancy were obtained at a local slaughterhouse. Under aseptic conditions cells were mechanically dispersed and cultivated in a 96 wells-plate. After 24 hours of culture, cells were washed and the precursor pregnenolone was added. Experiments were conducted eight times for each studied time period (24, 48 and 96 h) and three times for each gestational age. Culture medium and cells were collected after 24, 48 and 96 hours of precursor addition and kept frozen at -20oC until processing. Progesterone was measured by RIA and protein content by Lowry’s method. Results were statistically analyzed and considered different when p <0.05. A higher P4 production was observed on day 90 of gestation (35.277±0.075), then this production was decreased at day 150 (28.820±0.231) and increased again at day 210 (32.777±0.099). After 24 hours of culture, luteal cells P4 production reached maximum values in the group of 90 days (2.912±0.047) when compared to 150 (2.669±0.137) and 210 days (2.741±0.088). At 48 and 96 hours of culture, bovine luteal cells from day 90 of gestation produced more P4 than cells from day 210 (2.934±0.029 and 2.976±0.121 respectively x 2.760±0.059 and 2.695±0.149, respectively; p<0.05), which in turn, produced more P4 than cells from day 150 (2.334±0.084 for 48 h and 2.205±0.136 for 96 h). Luteal cells from day 150 of gestation presented a decreasing P4 production throughout the 96 hours of culture. These differences could be explained by differential gene expression of enzymes and/or factors belonging to the esteroidogenic cascade in accordance to the gestational period. The established luteal cell culture model could be used for further functional studies once P4 secretion pattern in vitro resembled what occurs in vivo.

• Corpus luteum gestation progesterone cell culture

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- La Paz M.N., Fonseca V.U., Campos D.B., Artoni L.P., Sousa L.M.M.C. & Papa P.C. 2007. [In vitro progesterone production from bovine corpus luteum throughout gestation.] Produção de progesterona in vitro pelas células do corpo lúteo bovino ao longo da gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):370376. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques Paiva, 87, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: ppapa@usp.br The aim was to test the hypothesis that cultivated bovine luteal cells from three different thirds of pregnancy behave the same way as in vivo luteal cells relative to P4 production. Corpus luteum samples from days 90 (n=3), 150 (n=3) and 210 (n=3) of pregnancy were obtained at a local slaughterhouse. Under aseptic conditions cells were mechanically dispersed and cultivated in a 96 wells-plate. After 24 hours of culture, cells were washed and the precursor pregnenolone was added. Experiments were conducted eight times for each studied time period (24, 48 and 96 h) and three times for each gestational age. Culture medium and cells were collected after 24, 48 and 96 hours of precursor addition and kept frozen at -20oC until processing. Progesterone was measured by RIA and protein content by Lowry’s method. Results were statistically analyzed and considered different when p <0.05. A higher P4 production was observed on day 90 of gestation (35.277±0.075), then this production was decreased at day 150 (28.820±0.231) and increased again at day 210 (32.777±0.099). After 24 hours of culture, luteal cells P4 production reached maximum values in the group of 90 days (2.912±0.047) when compared to 150 (2.669±0.137) and 210 days (2.741±0.088). At 48 and 96 hours of culture, bovine luteal cells from day 90 of gestation produced more P4 than cells from day 210 (2.934±0.029 and 2.976±0.121 respectively x 2.760±0.059 and 2.695±0.149, respectively; p<0.05), which in turn, produced more P4 than cells from day 150 (2.334±0.084 for 48 h and 2.205±0.136 for 96 h). Luteal cells from day 150 of gestation presented a decreasing P4 production throughout the 96 hours of culture. These differences could be explained by differential gene expression of enzymes and/or factors belonging to the esteroidogenic cascade in accordance to the gestational period. The established luteal cell culture model could be used for further functional studies once P4 secretion pattern in vitro resembled what occurs in vivo.

Abstract in English:

Antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of 951 cultures of Staphylococcus sp., 590 cultures of Streptococcus sp. and 550 cultures of Corynebacterium sp., isolates of bovine mastites were studied. Staphylococcus sp. showed the highest levels of sensitivity (75-90%) to Cephalothin, Nitrofurantoin Vancomycin and Novobiocion: Complete resistance was seen against Phosphomycin, Polymyxin B, Colestin Sulphate and Rifamycin. In relation to Streptococcus sp., the most effective antibiotics were Chloramphenicol, Novobiocin and Vancomycin (72-77%). High levels of resistance (90-100%) were seen with Rifamycin, Streptomycin, Colestin Sulfate, Sulfomethoxazole, Phosphomycin and Polymyxin B. As for the cultures of Corynebacterium sp., the greatest sensitivity was seen with Cephalosporin (100%), followed by Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Carbenicillin and Tobramycin (80-97%). None of the samples of Corynebacterium sp. studied showed complete resistance to any of the drugs tested.

• in vitro sensitivity antibiotics chemotherapeutic drugs mastitis cattle

Abstract in Portuguese:

Estudou-se in vitro a sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de 951 amostras de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus, 590 amostras do gênero Streptococcus e 550 do gênero Corynebacterium, isoladas de mastites bovinas. Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados em relação às bactérias do gênero Staphylococçus: os maiores índices de sensibilidade (75 a 90%) foram os observados frente à cefalosporina, nitrofurantoína, vancomicina e novobiocina. Observou-se 100% de resistência frente à fosfomicina, polimixina B, sulfato de colistina e rifamicina. Em relação a Streptococcus sp., os antimicrobianos mais efetivos foram cloranfenicol, novobiocina e vancomicina (sensibilidade de 72 a 77%). Altos índices de resistência (90 a 100%) foram observados frente à rifamicina, estreptomicina, sulfato de colistina, sulfametoxazol, fosfomicina e polimixina B. Quanto às amostras de Corynebacterium sp., a maior sensibilidade foi observada frente à cefalosporina (100%), seguida da eritromicina, cloranfenicol, gentamicina, canamicina, tetraciclina, carbenicilina e tobramicina (97 a 80%). Não foi observada resistência máxima (100%) aos antimicrobianos nas amostras de Corynebacterium sp. estudadas.

• Sensibilidade in vitro antimicrobianos mastite bovinos