Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Schaefer R., Zanella J.R.C., Brentano L., Vincent A.L., Ritterbusch G.A., Silveira S., Caron L. & Mores N. 2011. Isolation and characterization of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):761-767. Embrapa Swine and Poultry Research Center, BR153, Km110, Vila Tamanduá, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rejane@cnpsa.embrapa.br
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are endemic in pork producing countries around the world. The emergence of the pandemic 2009 human H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1) raised questions about the occurrence of this virus in Brazilian swine population. During a 2009-2010 swine influenza virus research project at Embrapa Swine and Poultry (CNPSA), an outbreak of a highly transmissible H1N1 influenza A virus disease was detected in a pig herd in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The virus caused a mild disease in growing pigs and sows without mortality. Three clinically affected piglets were euthanized. Gross lesions included mild to moderate consolidation of cranioventral areas of the lung. Microscopically, the lesions were characterized by necrotizing obliterative bronchiolitis and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against type A influenza virus nucleoprotein revealed positive staining in the nuclei of the bronchiolar epithelial cells. Lung tissue from three piglets and nasal swabs from five sows and four piglets were positive for influenza A by RT-PCR. Influenza virus was isolated from one lung, later confirmed by the hemagglutination test (HA titer 1:128) and RT-PCR. Sequence analyses of Hemmaglutinin (HA) and Matrix (M) genes revealed that the virus was consistent with the pandemic (A/H1N1) 2009 influenza virus strain that circulated in humans. This is the first report of an outbreak of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Schaefer R., Zanella J.R.C., Brentano L., Vincent A.L., Ritterbusch G.A., Silveira S., Caron L. & Mores N. 2011. Isolation and characterization of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in pigs in Brazil. [Isolamento e caracterização do vírus da influenza pandêmico H1N1 em suínos no Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):761-767. Embrapa Swine and Poultry Research Center, BR153, Km110, Vila Tamanduá, Concórdia, SC 89700-000, Brazil. E-mail: rejane@cnpsa.embrapa.br
A infecção causada pelo vírus Influenza A (IAV) é endêmica em suínos no mundo inteiro. O surgimento da pandemia de influenza humana pelo vírus A/H1N1 (pH1N1) em 2009 levantou dúvidas sobre a ocorrência deste vírus em suínos no Brasil. Durante o desenvolvimento de um projeto de pesquisa do vírus de influenza suína em 2009-2010, na Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA), foi detectado em um rebanho de suínos em Santa Catarina, Brasil, um surto de influenza altamente transmissível causado pelo subtipo viral H1N1. Este vírus causou uma doença leve em suínos em crescimento e em fêmeas adultas, sem mortalidade. Tres leitões clinicamente afetados foram eutanasiados. As lesões macroscópicas incluiam consolidação leve a moderada das áreas cranioventrais do pulmão. Microscopicamente, as lesões foram caracterizadas por bronquiolite necrosante obliterativa e pneumonia broncointersticial. A imunohistoquímica, utilizando um anticorpo monoclonal contra a nucleoproteína do vírus influenza A, revelou marcação positiva no núcleo das células epiteliais bronquiolares. O tecido pulmonar de três leitões e os suabes nasais de cinco fêmeas e quatro leitões foram positivos para influenza A pela RT-PCR. O vírus influenza foi isolado de um pulmão, mais tarde sendo confirmado pelo teste de hemaglutinação (título HA 1:128) e por RT-PCR. A análise das seqüências de nucleotídeos dos genes da hemaglutinina (HA) e proteína da matriz (M) revelou que o vírus isolado foi consistente com o vírus pandêmico A/H1N1/2009 que circulou em humanos no mesmo período. Este é o primeiro relato de um surto de influenza causado pelo vírus pandêmico A/H1N1 em suínos no Brasil.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Faria A.C.S, Oliveira Filho J.X., Paula D.A.J., Brandão L.N.S., Nakazato N. & Dutra V. 2011. [Microbiological and molecular evaluation of articulares and peri-articulares fluids of pigs.] Avaliação microbiológica e molecular de líquidos articulares e peri-articulares de suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):667-671. Setor de Microbiologia Veterinária e Biologia Molecular Veterinária, Faculdade Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correia da Costa s/n, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil. E-mail: valdutra@cpd.ufmt.br
In this study, 115 samples of articular and peri-articular liquid from swine with clinical suspected disease were collected from farrow (30.43%), nursery (44.35%) and growing-finishing (25.22%) phases of Intensive Pig Production Systems (IPPSs) for microbiological and molecular evaluation. A total of 57 (49.5%) samples was positive for at least one test. In bacterial isolation, 39.13% were positive, with highest frequency of Streptococcus spp. (19.72%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (18.13%) and Escherichia coli (12.68%), and in some cases the fungus Candida sp. (2.6%). In the polymerase chain reaction test, 20% of the samples were positive mostly for Mycoplasma hyosinoviae (34.09%), Erysipelotrix tonsilarum (20.45%) and Haemophilus parasuis (15.90%). Almost all microorganisms were distributed over every growth phase, with a higher percentage of cases in the growing-finishing phase (69%). Streptococcus spp. were the principal microorganisms detected and were frequent in all phases. M. hyosinoviae was predomiant in the nursery phase. In the growing-finishing phase, A. pyogenes, H. parasuis and E. tonsilarum were predominant. About half of the cases were negative, what probably indicates degenerative processes like osteochondrosis; however articular and peri-articular infections still represent great economic losses with more or less impact depending on the growing phase of the pigs. Articular and peri-articular infectious problems were found in all herds analyzed. M. hyosinoviae mainly in nursery phase, however associated with degenerative processes, could not be excluded.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Faria A.C.S, Oliveira Filho J.X., Paula D.A.J., Brandão L.N.S., Nakazato N. & Dutra V. 2011. [Microbiological and molecular evaluation of articulares and peri-articulares fluids of pigs.] Avaliação microbiológica e molecular de líquidos articulares e peri-articulares de suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):667-671. Setor de Microbiologia Veterinária e Biologia Molecular Veterinária, Faculdade Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correia da Costa s/n, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil. E-mail: valdutra@cpd.ufmt.br
No presente estudo coletaram-se 115 amostras de líquido articular e peri-articular de suínos com suspeita clínica de doença articular oriundos de maternidade (30,43%), creche (44,35%) e crescimento/terminação (25,22%) de Sistemas Intensivos de Produção de Suínos (SIPs) para avaliação microbiológica e molecular. Observaram-se 57 (49,5%) amostras positivas em pelo menos uma das técnicas. No isolamento microbiano, 39,13% das amostras foram positivas, sendo Streptococcus spp. (19,72%), Arcabobacterium pyogenes (18,13%) e Escherichia coli (12,68%) os mais frequentes, havendo também a presença de Candida sp. (2,6%). Na técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), em 20% das amostras foram detectados microrganismos com uma maior ocorrência de Mycoplasma hyosinoviae (34,09%), Erysipelotrix tonsilarum (20,45%) e Haemophilus parasuis (15,90%). Os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados em animais com artrite, apresentaram distribuição em todas as faixas etárias, entretanto a fase de crescimento/terminação apresentou maior percentual (69%) de amostras positivas. Streptococcus spp. ocorreu em todas as fases sendo o microrganismo mais detectado. M. hyosinoviae foi observado principalmente em animais de creche. Na fase de crescimento/terminação as bactérias predominantes foram A. pyogenes, H. parasuis e E. tonsilarum. Aproximadamente metade dos casos foi negativo o que indica a provável ocorrência de processos degenerativos como a osteocondrose, embora a participação de infecções articulares e peri-articulares possam representar grandes perdas com menor ou maior impacto dependendo da fase de criação. Problemas articulares e/ou peri-articulares de origem infecciosas foram encontrados em todas as propriedades estudadas. O principal agente foi M. hyosynoviae, principalmente na creche, porém não se pode descartar o envolvimento de problemas degenerativos em associação.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Watanabe T.T.N., Zlotowski P., Oliveira L.G.S., Rolim V.R., Juffo G.D., Gomes M.J.P., Snel G. & Driemeier D. 2011. Rectal stenosis in pigs associated with Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(6):511-515. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Rectal stricture is an acquired annular fibrous constriction of the rectum that results from a variety of chronic necrotizing enteric diseases. In pigs, it is in most cases a sequel of Salmonella infection. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a known pathogen causing immunosuppression in pigs worldwide. PCV2 infected pigs may be predisposed to salmonellosis. In this report, rectal stenosis was observed in 160 pigs from a herd that experienced an outbreak of enteric salmonellosis over a 4-month period. Distension of the abdominal wall and diarrhea were the main clinical signs observed. Five animals were analyzed showing annular cicatrization of the rectal wall 5.0-7.0 cm anterior to the anorectal junction and Salmonella-positive immunostaining in the large intestine. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from fragments of the large intestine. Porcine circovirus type 2 antigen was observed in the mesenteric lymph-node in 4 pigs and in the large intestine in 3 pigs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Watanabe T.T.N., Zlotowski P., Oliveira L.G.S., Rolim V.R., Juffo G.D., Gomes M.J.P., Snel G. & Driemeier D. 2011. Rectal stenosis in pigs associated with Salmonella Typhimurium and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. [Estenose retal em suínos associada à enterite causada por Salmonella Typhimurium em animais infectados pelo circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(6):511-515. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Estenose retal é uma constrição anular fibrosa do reto que pode ser decorrente de qualquer doença entérica crônica necrotizante. Em suínos, é em muitos casos uma seqüela de infecção por Salmonella. Circovírus suíno tipo 2 é um patógeno bem conhecido que causa imunodepressão em suínos e apresenta distribuição mundial. No presente trabalho, estenose retal foi observada em 160 suínos em um rebanho que teve um surto de salmonelose entérica durante 4 meses. Distensão da parede abdominal e diarreia foram os principais sinais clínicos observados. Foram analisados cinco suínos que demonstraram cicatrização anular da parede do reto 5,0 a 7,0 cm anterior a junção anoretal e imuno-histoquímica positiva para Salmonella spp. no intestino grosso. Antígeno de Circovírus suíno tipo 2 foi observado no linfonodo mesentérico de quatro suínos e no intestino grosso de três.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Ubiali D.G., Boabaid F.M., Borges N.A., Caldeira F.H.B., Lodi L.R., Pescador C.A., Souza M.A. & Colodel E.M. 2011. [Acute poisoning with Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) seeds in pigs.] Intoxicação aguda com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) em suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(4):313-318. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br
Hepatocellular necrosis are reported in swine after consumption of diets containing grains of “sorgo-granífero” (Sorghum bicolor) accidentally contaminated with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds in the municipality of Juscimeira, MT. Clinical signs began 24-48 hours after consumption of contaminated ration and were characterized by depression, lethargy, apathy, loss of appetite, vomiting, pale or jaundiced mucous membranes, ascites, lateral recumbency, the lateral position with paddling and convulsions, clinical outcome was 48-60 hours followed by death. 76 pigs died in four properties. The main gross lesions were liver increased in size and lobular illustration with red-brown central areas interspersed with yellowish areas, ascites and hydrothorax with reddish-yellow liquid containing filaments with aspect of fibrin, enlarged lymph nodes and interlobular pulmonary edema. The disease was experimentally reproduced with 16 pigs divided into six groups that received seeds of C. spectabilis in different doses. Hepatocellular necrosis occurred in seven pigs, two of which received daily doses of 2.5g/kg and five who received single doses of 5 and 9.5g/kg. Ten daily doses of 0.5 and 1.25g/kg caused liver fibrosis.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Ubiali D.G., Boabaid F.M., Borges N.A., Caldeira F.H.B., Lodi L.R., Pescador C.A., Souza M.A. & Colodel E.M. 2011. [Acute poisoning with Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) seeds in pigs.] Intoxicação aguda com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis (Leg. Papilionoideae) em suínos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(4):313-318. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br
Relata-se necrose hepatocelular em suínos após consumo de ração que continha grãos de sorgo-granífero (Sorghum bicolor) acidentalmente contaminado com sementes de Crotalaria spectabilis. Morreram 76 suínos em quatro propriedades no município de Juscimeira, MT. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se 24-48 horas após o consumo da ração contaminada e foram caracterizados por depressão, letargia, apatia, inapetência, vômito, mucosas ictéricas ou pálidas, ascite, decúbito esternal, decúbito lateral com movimentos de pedalagem e convulsões, a evolução clínica foi de 48-60 horas seguida de morte. As Principais alterações macroscópicas foram fígado aumentado de tamanho com evidenciação do padrão lobular, ascite e hidrotórax com líquido de coloração amarelo avermelhado contendo filamentos com aspecto de fibrina, linfonodos aumentados e edema pulmonar interlobular. A doença foi reproduzida utilizando-se 16 suínos divididos em seis grupos que receberam sementes de C. spectabilis em diferentes doses. Necrose hepatocelular ocorreu em sete suínos, sendo dois que receberam doses diárias 2,5g/kg e cinco que receberam doses únicas de 5,0 e 9,5g/kg. Dez doses diárias de 0,5 e 1,25g/kg causaram fibrose hepática.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Pinto F.F., Gerber P.F., Oliveira T.M.L., Borges I.A. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2011. [Serological profile, viremia and PCV2 shedding in naturally infected pigs of herds with or without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.] Perfil sorológico, viremia e eliminação do circovírus suíno tipo 2 em animais naturalmente infectados pertencentes a granjas com ou sem a síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):17-22. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br
A virological and serological cross-sectional study (E1) and a longitudinal study (E2) were performed on herds with (G2 and G3) and without (G1) post weaning multisystemic syndrome (PMWS) in Brazil. Blood, serum, nasal and rectal swabs samples were collected of sows, farrowing piglets, nursery, growing and finishing pigs. In E1, were sampled 40 animals in each category (G1a and G2). In E2, (G1b and G3), 35 farrowing piglets were identified and sampled along the production cycle. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibodies were assayed. A PCR was used to detected PCV2 genome in blood and swabs. In E1, sows had high rates of viremic and seropositives animals, with percentage of sows with high antibodies titers greater than G2. Passive antibodies decline occurred between nursery and growing area with increased viral shedding in swabs and subsequent seroconversion in G1. In G2, the passive antibodies decay occurred in nursery, with a reduction in viral shedding. In E2, the decline of maternal immunity occurred between the 1st and 2nd collection in G1b, and between 2nd and 3rd collections in G3. In both herds, the decay of passive immunity coincided with increased viremia and viral shedding; and seroconversion occurred between the 3rd and 4th collection in both herds with decline of viremia. Viremia and viral shedding was detected in all samples days, 42% of animals sampled in E2 were viremic and all tissue samples collected at slaughter were positive for PCV2. This study confirms the persistence of viremia even in the presence of high titers of antibodies and the serological profile in a herd with or without PMWS may be different, especially with regard to the passive immunity duration.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Pinto F.F., Gerber P.F., Oliveira T.M.L., Borges I.A. & Lobato Z.I.P. 2011. [Serological profile, viremia and PCV2 shedding in naturally infected pigs of herds with or without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.] Perfil sorológico, viremia e eliminação do circovírus suíno tipo 2 em animais naturalmente infectados pertencentes a granjas com ou sem a síndrome da refugagem multissistêmica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):17-22. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: ziplobato@vet.ufmg.br
Um estudo virológico e sorológico seccional (E1) e outro longitudinal (E2) foram realizados em granjas com (G2 e G3) e sem (G1) a síndrome de refugagem multissitêmica (SRM) no Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, soro, swabs nasal e retal de animais de cada categoria do ciclo produtivo: porcas, leitões maternidade, creche, recria e terminação. Em E1, nas granjas G1a e G2, foram amostrados 40 animais de cada categoria. Em E2, nas granjas G1b e G3, 35 leitões na maternidade foram identificados e amostrados ao longo do ciclo produtivo. O soro foi avaliado para presença de anticorpos contra circovírus suíno tipo 2 (CVS2) e sangue e swabs para presença do ácido nucléico viral. Em E1, a categoria porcas possuía altas taxas de animais virêmicos e soropositivos, com porcentagem de porcas com títulos altos superior a G2. Em G1a a queda de imunidade passiva ocorreu entre o final da fase de creche e início da recria com aumento da eliminação viral em swabs e subsequente soroconversão. Em G2 a queda ocorreu entre a fase final da maternidade e início da creche, com diminuição da eliminação viral. Em E2, a queda da imunidade materna ocorreu entre a 1ª e 2ª coleta em G1b; e em G3, entre a 2ª e 3ª coleta. Em ambas as granjas, a queda de imunidade passiva coincidiu com o aumento da viremia e eliminação viral e a soroconversão ocorreu entre a 3ª e 4a coleta em ambas as granjas com aumento da média de título de anticorpos e declínio da viremia. Viremia e eliminação viral foram detectadas em todas as coletas realizadas; 42% dos animais amostrados em E2 foram virêmicos em todas as coletas e todas as amostras de tecido coletadas no abate foram positivas para o CVS2. Este estudo confirma a persistência da viremia mesmo em presença de altos títulos de anticorpos e que o perfil sorológico em um rebanho com e sem a presença da síndrome pode ser diferente, principalmente em relação à duração da imunidade passiva.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Jonck F., Casagrande R.A., Froehlich D.L., Ribeiro Jr D.P. & Gava A. 2010. [Spontaneous poisoning by larvae of Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae) in pigs in the State of Santa Catarina.] Intoxicação espontânea por larvas de Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae) em suínos no Estado de Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(12):1017-1020. De-partamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br
The study reports an outbreak of spontaneous poisoning by Perreyia flavipes in pigs. The outbreak occurred at the end of May 2009, in the municipality of Urubici, plateau of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The farm had about 50 pigs reared extensively and 10 animals got sick. The clinical signs were anorexia, apathy, constant movement of the head and hitting the ears, difficulty to walk and stagger, gnashing of teeth and agitation that increased with noise and movement nearby. At necropsy, pronounced hepatic lobular pattern and P. flavipes larvae mixed with the stomach content were observed. Microscopically, hepatocellular centrilobular to diffuse coagulation necrosis with severe congestion and hemorrhage was observed, with vacuolar degeneration in one or two layers of hepatocytes in the portal zones. Clinical signs, epidemiology and lesions in the pigs were characteristic of toxic hepatitis by larvae of P. flavipes.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Jonck F., Casagrande R.A., Froehlich D.L., Ribeiro Jr D.P. & Gava A. 2010. [Spontaneous poisoning by larvae of Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae) in pigs in the State of Santa Catarina.] Intoxicação espontânea por larvas de Perreyia flavipes (Pergidae) em suínos no Estado de Santa Catarina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(12):1017-1020. De-partamento de Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br
Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação espontânea por Perreyia flavipes em suínos. O surto ocorreu no final de maio de 2009, na cidade de Urubici, planalto serrano do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A propriedade tinha aproximadamente 50 animais criados extensivamente e desses 10 animais adoeceram. Esses suínos apresentavam anorexia, apatia, movimento constante de cabeça e bater de orelhas, dificuldade de caminhar, cambaleio, ranger de dentes e a agitação aumentava mediante ruídos e movimentos próximos. Na necropsia as alterações observadas foram a marcada evidenciação do padrão lobular hepático e a presença de larvas de P. flavipes misturadas ao conteúdo estomacal. Microscopicamente observou-se necrose de coagulação dos hepatócitos, com distribuição centrolobular a massiva que era acompanhada de congestão e hemorragia acentuada, restando uma ou duas camadas de hepatócitos com degeneração vacuolar na região portal. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e as lesões caracterizaram hepatite tóxica por larvas de P. flavipes em suínos.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Ecco R., Lazzari M.A. & Guedes R.M.C. 2009. [Enzootic pneumonia in wild boars (Sus scrofa).] Pneumonia enzoótica em javalis (Sus scrofa). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):461-468. Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: ecco@vet.ufmg.br
The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, bacteriological and immunohistochemical aspects of a pneumonia outbreak in a wild pig farm in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ninety wild pigs died in a period of five months, and 63 of these had pulmonary lesions. Clinically, the pigs presented reduced growth rate, anorexia, lethargy, cough and dyspnea, especially after they were moved. High body temperature (40oC in average) was verified in some animals. Auscultation revealed moderate pulmonary crepitation and stertors. Pulmonary gross lesions were typical of lobular bronchopneumonia. Lung lesions were characterized by ventral-cranial consolidation in the majority of the cases. The color of affected pulmonary areas varied from diffuse dark red to mosaic pattern (dark red lobule intercalate by grayish lobule) or diffusely grayish. The majority of the lungs had mucopurulent exsudate in the bronchial lumen that also drained from the parenchyma cut surface. Upon microscopy, the changes were characterized by purulent and histiocytic bronchopneumonia with necrotic foci. In some animals, there was BALT hyperplasia associated with perivascular and peribronchial plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltration in most of these cases. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Immunohistochemistry evaluation demonstrated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, and the DNA of bacteria was detected by PCR. This is the first report of bronchopneumonia in wild boars associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Ecco R., Lazzari M.A. & Guedes R.M.C. 2009. [Enzootic pneumonia in wild boars (Sus scrofa).] Pneumonia enzoótica em javalis (Sus scrofa). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):461-468. Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil. E-mail: ecco@vet.ufmg.br
The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, bacteriological and immunohistochemical aspects of a pneumonia outbreak in a wild pig farm in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Ninety wild pigs died in a period of five months, and 63 of these had pulmonary lesions. Clinically, the pigs presented reduced growth rate, anorexia, lethargy, cough and dyspnea, especially after they were moved. High body temperature (40oC in average) was verified in some animals. Auscultation revealed moderate pulmonary crepitation and stertors. Pulmonary gross lesions were typical of lobular bronchopneumonia. Lung lesions were characterized by ventral-cranial consolidation in the majority of the cases. The color of affected pulmonary areas varied from diffuse dark red to mosaic pattern (dark red lobule intercalate by grayish lobule) or diffusely grayish. The majority of the lungs had mucopurulent exsudate in the bronchial lumen that also drained from the parenchyma cut surface. Upon microscopy, the changes were characterized by purulent and histiocytic bronchopneumonia with necrotic foci. In some animals, there was BALT hyperplasia associated with perivascular and peribronchial plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltration in most of these cases. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Immunohistochemistry evaluation demonstrated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells, and the DNA of bacteria was detected by PCR. This is the first report of bronchopneumonia in wild boars associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Bonel-Raposo J., Riet-Correa F., Guim T.N., Schuch I.D., Grecco F.G. & Fernandes C.G. 2007. [Acute poisoning and abortions in guinea pigs by the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae).] Intoxicação aguda e abortos em cobaias pelas favas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):593-596. Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com.br
The objective was to study the acute toxicity and the abortive properties of Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in guinea pigs. Pods of E. contortisiliquum were administered orally to 4 groups of 3 guinea pigs each. Another group of 3 guinea-pigs was used as control. Group 1 and 2 were fed with one dose of 5 and 10g of pods for kg body weight, respectively. The guinea pigs of Group 3 and 4 received 10 and 15g/kg, respectively, divided into daily doses of 5g/kg. One guinea pig from Group 2 and one from Group 4 died 12 and 18 hours after the end of the administration. Gross lesions were hemorrhages of the stomach and of the large and small gut, enlarged liver, and dilated gall bladder. Histologically, the liver had severe vacuolation and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. In another experiment a ration containing 4% of pods of E. contortisiliquum was fed to 2 groups of 4 guinea-pigs, 35 days after mating. Four of the 8 guinea pigs aborted 6-15 days after the beginning of ingestion. The other 4 guinea pigs were not pregnant. All guinea pigs were euthanized after abortion or at the end of the experiment. Histologically all animals had mild to severe periportal hemorrhagic necrosis. All fetuses had variable degree of autolysis. In 4 fetuses studied no significant histologic lesions were observed. The acute lesions observed in guinea-pigs are similar than those observed in the spontaneous poisoning by Enterolobium spp. in cattle. Similar lesions are observed in guinea-pigs poisoned experimentally with saponins from E. gummiferum. The results of the experiments in pregnant guinea pigs suggest that E. contortisiliquum can be used to study the abortive effect of its pods or its toxic compounds.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Bonel-Raposo J., Riet-Correa F., Guim T.N., Schuch I.D., Grecco F.G. & Fernandes C.G. 2007. [Acute poisoning and abortions in guinea pigs by the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae).] Intoxicação aguda e abortos em cobaias pelas favas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):593-596. Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com.br
The objective was to study the acute toxicity and the abortive properties of Enterolobium contortisiliquum pods in guinea pigs. Pods of E. contortisiliquum were administered orally to 4 groups of 3 guinea pigs each. Another group of 3 guinea-pigs was used as control. Group 1 and 2 were fed with one dose of 5 and 10g of pods for kg body weight, respectively. The guinea pigs of Group 3 and 4 received 10 and 15g/kg, respectively, divided into daily doses of 5g/kg. One guinea pig from Group 2 and one from Group 4 died 12 and 18 hours after the end of the administration. Gross lesions were hemorrhages of the stomach and of the large and small gut, enlarged liver, and dilated gall bladder. Histologically, the liver had severe vacuolation and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes. In another experiment a ration containing 4% of pods of E. contortisiliquum was fed to 2 groups of 4 guinea-pigs, 35 days after mating. Four of the 8 guinea pigs aborted 6-15 days after the beginning of ingestion. The other 4 guinea pigs were not pregnant. All guinea pigs were euthanized after abortion or at the end of the experiment. Histologically all animals had mild to severe periportal hemorrhagic necrosis. All fetuses had variable degree of autolysis. In 4 fetuses studied no significant histologic lesions were observed. The acute lesions observed in guinea-pigs are similar than those observed in the spontaneous poisoning by Enterolobium spp. in cattle. Similar lesions are observed in guinea-pigs poisoned experimentally with saponins from E. gummiferum. The results of the experiments in pregnant guinea pigs suggest that E. contortisiliquum can be used to study the abortive effect of its pods or its toxic compounds.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Corrêa A.M.R., Zlotowski P., Barcellos D.E.S.N., Cruz C.E.F. & Driemeier D. 2008. Gastric ulcers in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):601-605. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Samples of gastric lymph nodes and the stomachs from 24 pigs selected from herds affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and sudden death associated with gastric ulcers were studied. Pigs were selected on the basis of unthriftiness, decreased feed intake, and wasting. The stomachs were opened, inverted, and classified into 0-3 score according the severity of the gross lesions present in pars oesophagica (non-glandulargastric mucosa). Selected samples were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry using anti-PCV2 (porcine circovírus type 2) antibody, anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and a wide-spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody was performed. Gross changes in pars oesophagea were classified according to the severity of lesions as score 3, 2, and 1 in 8, 6, 5 stomachs respectivelly. Microscopically, hyperplastic lymphoid follicles, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates and focci of necrosis in the gastric mucosa were common findings. Large amounts of PCV2 antigen were observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional cells and debris from the gastric glandular mucosal zone; however, in the fundus, anti-PCV2 immunostaining was restricted to the surface mucosal cells and foveolar compartment. All gastric lymph nodes were positive for PCV2 antigen. Anti-H. pylori immunostaining was seen in eleven cases, mainly in the antrum, on the mucosal surface and foveolar compartment. The association of the anti-PCV2 immunostaining with the glandular mucus-producing cells suggests a role for PCV2 as an additional factor for the swine ulcer development.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Corrêa A.M.R., Zlotowski P., Barcellos D.E.S.N., Cruz C.E.F. & Driemeier D. 2008. Gastric ulcers in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):601-605. Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Samples of gastric lymph nodes and the stomachs from 24 pigs selected from herds affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and sudden death associated with gastric ulcers were studied. Pigs were selected on the basis of unthriftiness, decreased feed intake, and wasting. The stomachs were opened, inverted, and classified into 0-3 score according the severity of the gross lesions present in pars oesophagica (non-glandulargastric mucosa). Selected samples were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry using anti-PCV2 (porcine circovírus type 2) antibody, anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and a wide-spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody was performed. Gross changes in pars oesophagea were classified according to the severity of lesions as score 3, 2, and 1 in 8, 6, 5 stomachs respectivelly. Microscopically, hyperplastic lymphoid follicles, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates and focci of necrosis in the gastric mucosa were common findings. Large amounts of PCV2 antigen were observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional cells and debris from the gastric glandular mucosal zone; however, in the fundus, anti-PCV2 immunostaining was restricted to the surface mucosal cells and foveolar compartment. All gastric lymph nodes were positive for PCV2 antigen. Anti-H. pylori immunostaining was seen in eleven cases, mainly in the antrum, on the mucosal surface and foveolar compartment. The association of the anti-PCV2 immunostaining with the glandular mucus-producing cells suggests a role for PCV2 as an additional factor for the swine ulcer development.
Abstract in English:
Abstract.- Zlotowski P., Corrêa A.M.R., Barcellos D.E.S., Cruz C.E.F., Asanome W., Barry A.F., Alfieri A.A. & Driemeier D. 2008. Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):313-318. Departamento de Patologia Clinica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Abstract.- Zlotowski P., Corrêa A.M.R., Barcellos D.E.S., Cruz C.E.F., Asanome W., Barry A.F., Alfieri A.A. & Driemeier D. 2008. Intestinal lesions in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):313-318. Departamento de Patologia Clinica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br
Samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines from 79 unthrifty 3- to 5-month-old postweaning pigs, confirmed as naturally affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), were studied. Pigs originated from 12 farms in southern Brazil and were selected on the basis of clinical signs and/or gross lesions suggestive of enteric disorder. Lymphohistiocytic infiltrates of varying intensity were associated with anti-porcine circovirus type 2 (anti-PCV2) immunostaining (IS) in samples of intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes from all pigs. Although most findings were similar to those described in PCV2-associated enteritis, anti-PCV2 IS in association with depletion of the goblet cell mucin stores (24 pigs), diffuse ileal villous atrophy and fusion (18 pigs), and dilatation of the lymphatic vessels (11 pigs) combined or not with lymphangitis were also observed. PCV2 antigen was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional epithelial cells, histiocytes, and endothelial-like cells in intestinal tissues. Together these findings imply an association with PCV2. The presence of co-infections by Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., rotavirus, parvovirus, coronavirus and enteric calicivirus with PCV2 in the intestinal lesions was investigated.