PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br The effects of starter diet (days 1 to 21) supplemented with arginine (Arg) on the production performance and duodenum and jejunum mucosa morphometry of broilers were studied. Male Cobb broiler chickens (990) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments in a complete random design. Measurements of 33 chicks per treatment were made in six repetitions. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 1.390% digestible Arg (no supplementation) and four dietary levels (1.490%, 1.590%, 1.690%, and 1.790%), providing a relationship with lysine of 1.103; 1.183; 1.262; 1.341 and 1.421%, respectively. From the age of 22 days on, all birds received conventional grower diet. The data were submitted to regression analysis by polynomial decomposition of the degrees of freedom in relation to the levels of Arg. The Arg supplementation increased (P<0.05) the live weight and the feed conversion ratio without increasing the feed intake of the birds. However, no effect was observed (P>0.05) in the growth phase (days 22 to 42) in the absence of the Arg supplementation. The supplementation of Arg over of NRC recommendation during the starter phase may be necessary for the expression of the maximal weight gain potential in birds. No effect (P<0.05) of Arg dietary supplementation was observed either on small intestine weight and length at any age. However, the duodenum villus:crypt ratio increased and the crypt depth decreased in the first week in response to increasing dietary Arg. It is concluded that broiler Arg dietary supplementation in the starter diet improved production performance and small intestine morphometry, especially in the first week.

• Amino acids arginine aminoácidos arginina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Murakami A.E., Fernandes J.I.M., Hernandes L. & Santos T.C. 2012. [Effects of starter diet supplementation with arginine on broiler production performance and on small intestine morphometry.] Efeito da suplementação de arginina na dieta de frangos na performance produtiva e na morfologia do intestino delgado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(3):259-266. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: aemurakami@uem.br O efeito na dieta inicial (1-21 dias) da suplementação de arginina (Arg) foi estudada sobre o desempenho e a morfologia da mucosa do jejuno em frangos de corte. Pintos machos Cobb (990) foram utilizados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições com 33 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta basal com 1,390% de Arg digestível (sem suplementação) e 4 dietas com adição (1,490%; 1,590%; 1,690% e 1,790%), fornecendo uma relação de lisina de 1,103; 1,183; 1,262; 1,341 e 1,421%, respectivamente. A partir de 22 dias todas as aves receberam ração convencional. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão pela decomposição polinomial dos graus de liberdade, referentes aos níveis de Arg A suplementação de Arg melhorou (P<0,05) o peso vivo e a conversão alimentar sem aumentar o consumo de ração. No entanto, não houve efeito (P>0,05) na fase de crescimento (22 a 42 dias) na ausência de suplementação de Arg. A suplementação acima do recomendado pelo NRC na fase inicial pode ser necessária para a expressão máxima do potencial de ganho de peso em aves. Não houve efeito da suplementação de Arg na dieta no peso e comprimento do intestino delgado em nenhuma idade. No entanto, a relação vilo:cripta no duodeno aumentou e a profundidade da cripta diminuiu na primeira semana em resposta ao incremento de Arg na dieta. Concluiu-se que em frangos de corte a suplementação de Arg na dieta inicial melhorou o desempenho e a morfometria do intestino delgado, especialmente na primeira semana.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Martins D.S., Wenceslau C.V., Vieira E., Franciolli A.L.R., Ambrósio C.E., Carvalho A.F. & Miglino M.A. 2012. [Identification of mesenchymal progenitor niches from liver of embryo and fetuses of canines: a source of stem cells for cell therapy.] Identificação do nicho de progenitores mesenquimais no fígado de embriões e fetos caninos: uma fonte de células-tronco para terapia celular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(Supl.1):15-20. Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: daniele@usp.br Stem cells (SC) derived from fetal tissues (FT) were the most recent discoveries among the SC, and lately had demonstrated broad therapeutic potential; the FT from the fetal liver (FL) presents great therapeutic potential. This organ during the fetal period in mammals acts as a transient hematopoietic niche, being the main organ responsible for hematopoiesis in the fetus, and contribute to the formation of permanent niche in the adult bone marrow, thus can be considered a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and parents. However, little is known about the location of these cells in FF, so the present study aims to identify the niche of mesenchymal progenitors in FF and dogs in order to contribute to the techniques of cell isolation and extraction. Together was performed to verify the expression of the transcription factor Oct-3/4 of the protein and DNA polymerase delta (PCNA). For the analysis of five embryos were used and 11 canine fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 25-60 days. The results elucidated from 25 days of gestation showed the FF is bulky and composed of all the typical structures, among them the portal triad, bile ducts and hepatic artery branches. With 30 days of gestation were identified the first requirements of mesenchymal progenitors (MP) at 60 days while the niches were completely formed with location similar to adult liver (AL). However, cells immunoreactives for Oct-3/4 were not identified, therefore, point out that the FL is a source of PM, presenting as an alternative for therapeutic purposes as well as for studying the developmental biology of MSC and parents.

• Liver dogs stem cells fígado caninos células-tronco

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Martins D.S., Wenceslau C.V., Vieira E., Franciolli A.L.R., Ambrósio C.E., Carvalho A.F. & Miglino M.A. 2012. [Identification of mesenchymal progenitor niches from liver of embryo and fetuses of canines: a source of stem cells for cell therapy.] Identificação do nicho de progenitores mesenquimais no fígado de embriões e fetos caninos: uma fonte de células-tronco para terapia celular. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(Supl.1):15-20. Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: daniele@usp.br As células-tronco (CT) derivadas dos tecidos fetais (TF) foram as mais recentes descobertas entre as CT, e ultimamente tem demonstrado amplo potencial terapêutico, dentre os TF o fígado fetal (FF) apresenta grande potencial terapêutico. Este órgão durante o período fetal em mamíferos é um nicho hematopoético transitório, sendo o principal órgão responsável pela hematopoese no feto, além de contribuir com a formação do nicho definitivo na medula óssea adulta, portanto pode ser considerado um nicho de células-tronco mesenquimais (CTM) e progenitores. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a localização destas células no FF, desta forma o presente estudo visa identificar o nicho de CTM e progenitores em FF de cães, a fim de contribuir com as técnicas de isolamento e extração celular. Em conjunto foi realizada a verificação da expressão do fator de transcrição Oct-3/4 e da proteína delta polimerase do DNA (PCNA). Para a análise foram utilizados cinco embriões e 11 fetos caninos com idades gestacionais variando de 25-60 dias. Os resultados elucidaram a partir de 25 dias de gestação o FF apresentou-se volumoso e composto por todas as estruturas típicas, dentre elas a tríade portal, ductos biliares e ramos das artérias hepáticas. Com 30 dias de gestação foram identificados os primeiros sitos de progenitores mesenquimais (PM) enquanto que aos 60 dias os nichos estavam completamente formados com localização semelhante ao fígado adulto (FA). No entanto, células imunopositivas para Oct-3/4 não foram identificadas; sendo assim, destacamos que o FF é uma fonte de PM, apresentando-se como uma alternativa para a utilização terapêutica, bem como para os estudos da biologia do desenvolvimento das CTM e progenitores.

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Barros A.T.M., Koller W.W., Catto J.B. & Soares C.O. 2010. [Stomoxys calcitrans outbreaks in pastured beef cattle in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.] Surtos por Stomoxys calcitrans em gado de corte no Mato Grosso do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):945-952. Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro 1880, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Caixa Postal 109, Corumbá, MS 79320-900, Brazil. E-mail: thadeu@cpap.embrapa.br The expansion of the alcohol industry has led to the installation of ethanol plants in areas traditionally occupied by beef cattle in the Brazilian Midwest. Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) outbreaks associated with alcohol plants have been reported in Nelore cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the last two years. Visits to livestock ranches and alcohol plants were held in mid-November 2009 at the end of S. calcitrans outbreaks in the counties of Angélica and Ponta Porã, MS. Interviews, surveys and collections of immature stages of flies were conducted at the sites and the entomological material was taken to the laboratory for further emergency. High stable fly infestations and cattle bunching behavior were observed during visits. Stable fly breeding sites were found and emergence of adult flies occurred from material collected from both cattle ranches and alcohol plants. The set of information, on-site observation, and sampling results made possible a preliminary epidemiological approach on the dynamics of S. calcitrans outbreaks as well as a discussion of potential risk factors.

• Stable fly mosca-dos-estábulos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Barros A.T.M., Koller W.W., Catto J.B. & Soares C.O. 2010. [Stomoxys calcitrans outbreaks in pastured beef cattle in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.] Surtos por Stomoxys calcitrans em gado de corte no Mato Grosso do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(11):945-952. Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro 1880, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Caixa Postal 109, Corumbá, MS 79320-900, Brazil. E-mail: thadeu@cpap.embrapa.br A expansão da indústria sucroalcooleira tem levado à instalação de usinas de álcool em áreas tradicionalmente ocupadas pela pecuária de corte na região Centro-Oeste do País. Surtos pela mosca-dos-estábulos (Stomoxys calcitrans) em bovinos Nelore têm sido relatados nos últimos dois anos em Mato Grosso do Sul, associados a estas usinas. Visitas em propriedades pecuárias e usinas foram realizadas em meados de novembro 2009, ao final de surtos por S. calcitrans ocorridos nos municípios de Angélica e Ponta Porã, MS. Entrevistas, observações e coletas de imaturos de dípteros foram realizadas nos locais e o material entomológico coletado foi levado ao laboratório para posterior emergência. Elevadas infestações pela mosca-dos-estábulos e comportamento de agrupamento dos bovinos foram observados. Sítios de reprodução foram encontrados nos locais e a emergência de S. calcitrans foi constatada nas amostras coletadas tanto nas fazendas como nas usinas. O conjunto de informações, observações in loco e resultados das amostragens possibilitaram realizar uma abordagem epidemiológica preliminar sobre a dinâmica dos referidos surtos por S. calcitrans e discutir potenciais fatores de risco.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Riet-Correa B., Riet-Correa F., Oliveira Junior C.A., Duarte V.C. & Riet-Correa G. 2010. [Histologic lesions in livers and lymph nodes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) grazing in Brachiaria spp. pastures.] Alterações histológicas em fígados e linfonodos de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(9):705-711. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: griet@ufpa.br Infiltration by foamy macrophages and other lesions are reported in healthy cattle held in Brachiaria spp. pastures. With the objective to study histologic lesions in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes in buffalo in the state of Pará, samples of liver and lymph nodes of 142 buffalo Murah and 15 Nelore cattle were studied histologically. The samples were collected in an slaughterhouse and divided into groups of animals according to their origin and period of grazing Brachiaria spp. pastures. Group (G) 1 consisted of 79 buffalo from Marajó Island, raised in native pastures free of Brachiaria spp.; G2 was composed of 17 buffalo kept since birth in Brachiaria brizantha pastures; G3 was composed of 29 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. decumbens pastures where they stayed for nearly 12 months; G4 consists of 17 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. brizantha pastures where they stayed for nearly 18 months. G5 was composed of 15 Nelore cattle grazing B. brizantha during one year period. To assess the degree of liver injury, grades following a scale of 0 to 4 were established according to the quantity and size of groups of foamy macrophages. In G1, from the Marajó Island, there were no significant histological changes in liver and lymph nodes. Foamy macrophages and other lesions were observed in liver and lymph nodes of all samples from G1, G2, G3, and G4. The animals from G2 and G4, which remained a longer period in Brachiaria spp., showed more pronounced infiltration of foamy macrophages (P<0.05) than the animals of G3. Other lesions observed in the livers of these three groups were swollen, vacuolated or necrotic hepatocytes, mainly in the centrolobular region, and thickening of the Glisson´s capsule with vacuolization and necrosis of subcapsular hepatocytes. These lesions were more pronounced in areas where exists higer infiltration of foamy macrophages. In cattle from G5 smaller groups of foamy macrophages were observed in the lymph nodes and were absent in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatic lesions observed in buffalo are caused by ingestion of Brachiaria spp. The presence of severe lesions in buffalo without clinical signs, much more severe than those observed and reported previously in cattle, as well as the low frequency of Brachiaria poisoning in buffalo grazing in Brachiaria spp. pastures, suggest that buffalo are resilient to Brachiaria spp. poisoning. In each group, there was no association between the weight at slaughter and the degree of lesion. It is also suggested that the observation of severe lesions of the liver, similar to those observed in this experiment, in animal that died from other diseases, can lead to a wrong diagnosis of Brachiaria poisoning.

• Brachiaria spp. saponins saponinas

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Riet-Correa B., Riet-Correa F., Oliveira Junior C.A., Duarte V.C. & Riet-Correa G. 2010. [Histologic lesions in livers and lymph nodes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) grazing in Brachiaria spp. pastures.] Alterações histológicas em fígados e linfonodos de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(9):705-711. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: griet@ufpa.br Infiltração por macrófagos espumosos e outras lesões podem ser encontradas em bovinos clinicamente sadios em pastagens de Brachiaria spp. Com o objetivo de determinar as alterações histológicas do fígado e linfonodos mesentéricos em búfalos no Pará foram estudadas as alterações histológicas de fragmentos desses órgãos de 142 búfalos da raça Murrah e de 15 bovinos da raça Nelore, coletados em frigoríficos. As coletas foram separadas em grupos de animais de acordo com sua origem e tempo de permanência na pastagem de Brachiaria spp., sendo o Grupo (G) 1 composto por 79 búfalos provenientes da Ilha de Marajó, criados em pastagens de campo nativo; o G2 composto por 17 búfalos mantidos desde o nascimento em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha; o G3 composto por 29 búfalos adquiridos na Ilha do Marajó e introduzidos em pastagem de B. decumbens por aproximadamente 12 meses; o G4 composto por 17 búfalos adquiridos na Ilha de Marajó e introduzidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 18 meses; e o G5 composto por 15 bovinos mantidos em pastagem de B. brizantha por aproximadamente 12 meses. Para avaliar a gravidade da lesão hepática foram estabelecidos graus de acordo com a quantidade e tamanho dos grupos de macrófagos espumosos, seguindo uma escala de 0 a 4. Nos animais do G1, provenientes da Ilha de Marajó, não foram observadas alterações histológicas significativas no fígado e linfonodos mesentéricos. Em todas as amostras dos grupos G2, G3 e G4 foram observados quantidades variáveis de macrófagos espumosos no fígado e linfonodos mesentéricos. Os animais dos grupos G2 e do G4, que permaneceram um período maior em pastagens de Brachiaria spp, apresentaram lesões mais acentuadas (P<0,05) de macrófagos espumosos do que os animais do G3. Além da presença de macrófagos espumosos, foram observadas também, no fígado desses três grupos, tumefação, vacuolização e necrose de hepatócitos, principalmente da região centrolobular. Essas lesões eram mais acentuadas nas áreas onde havia maior infiltração de macrófagos espumosos. Havia fibrose capsular e as lesões dos hepatócitos nesta localização eram mais severas. Nos bovinos do G5 foram observados pequenos grupos de macrófagos espumosos nos linfonodos mesentéricos e ausência dessas células no fígado. Esses resultados sugerem que as lesões hepáticas observadas na histologia em búfalos sem sinais clínicos são ocasionadas pela ingestão de Brachiaria spp. A presença de lesões severas em búfalos sem sinais clínicos, bem mais graves do que as observadas em bovinos, assim como a ausência de surtos de intoxicação por Brachiaria nessa espécie, sugere sua resiliência à intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. Dentro de cada grupo não foi comprovada associação entre o peso ao abate e a gravidade das lesões. A presença de lesões severas no fígado de búfalos sem sinais clínicos alerta para o fato de que lesões semelhantes encontradas durante necropsias de búfalos mortos por outras causas possam levar ao diagnóstico errado de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vailati M.C.F., Rocha N.S., Matsubara L.S., Padovani C.R., Schwartz D.S. & Matsubara B.B. 2010. AT1-receptor mediated vascular damage in myocardium, kidneys and liver in rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(7):605-611. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mfvailati@yahoo.com.br The systemic aspect of vascular damage induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) has been poorly explored in the literature. Considering the presence of ANG II and its specific receptor AT1, in several organs, all tissues might be potentially affected by its effects. The aims of this study were: To evaluate the early histological changes in the heart, liver and kidneys, produced by ANG II infusion, to evaluate the protective effect of losartan. Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control (no treatment), treated with ANG II, and treated with ANG II + losartan. ANG II was continuously infused over 72 hours by subcutaneous osmotic pumps. Histological sections of the myocardium, kidneys and liver were stained and observed for the presence of necrosis. There were ANG II-induced perivascular inflammation and necrosis of the arteriolar wall in the myocardium, kidney, and liver by, which were partially prevented by losartan. There was no significant correlation between heart and kidney damage. Tissue lesion severity was lower than that of vascular lesions, without statistical difference between groups. ANG II causes vascular injury in the heart, kidneys and liver, indicating a systemic vasculotoxic effect; the mechanisms of damage/protection vary depending on the target organ; perivascular lesions may occur even when anti-hypertensive doses of losartan are used.

• AT1-receptor Angiotensin receptor AT1 Angiotensina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Vailati M.C.F., Rocha N.S., Matsubara L.S., Padovani C.R., Schwartz D.S. & Matsubara B.B. 2010. AT1-receptor mediated vascular damage in myocardium, kidneys and liver in rats. [Lesão vascular mediada pelo receptor AT1 em miocárdio, rins e fígado de ratos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(7):605-611. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil. E-mail: mfvailati@yahoo.com.br O aspecto sistêmico da lesão vascular induzida pela angiotensina II (ANG II) tem sido pouco explorada na literatura. Considerando a presença de ANG II e de seu receptor AT1 em diversos órgãos, todos os tecidos poderiam ser potencialmente afetados por esses efeitos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar as alterações histológicas iniciais no coração, fígado e rins, produzidas pela infusão de ANG II, e avaliar o efeito protetor do losartan. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em três grupos: controle (sem tratamento), tratados com ANG II, e tratados com ANG II + losartan. A ANG II foi infundida continuamente por 72 horas por meio de mini-bombas osmóticas. Foram realizados cortes histológicos de miocárdio, rim e fígado para coloração e observação para a presença de necrose. Observou-se a presença de inflamação perivascular e necrose de parede arteriolar em miocárdio, rins e fígado, que foram parcialmente prevenidas pelo losartan. Não houve correlação significante entre as lesões observadas no coração e nos rins. A severidade da lesão tissular foi menor quando comparada às lesões vasculares, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos. A ANG II causa injúria vascular no coração, rins e fígado, sugerindo um efeito vasculotóxico sistêmico; os mecanismos de lesão/proteção variam dependendo do órgão afetado; as lesões perivasculares podem ocorrer mesmo quando doses anti-hipertensivas de losartan forem utilizadas.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Neto F.C.P., Guerra P.C., Costa F.B., Araújo A.V.C., Miglino M.A., Bombonato P.P.,Vulcano L.C. & Alves F.R. 2009. [Ultrasonography of the liver, renal and reproductive apparatus of Boa constrictor Snake.] Ultra-sonografia do fígado, aparelho renal e reprodutivo da jibóia (Boa constrictor). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):317-321. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Currently, wild animals have been received special attention for domestic breeding. In Wild Animal Medicine, ultrasonographic exams could be considered as a tool to diagnose and prevent disease. Ultrasonographic examination of twenty snakes (Boa constrictor) was performed in order to describe the morphological and ultrasonography appearance of their coelomic structures. Examination by ultrasonography revealed the parechymal liver ranging from slightly hypoechogenic to hyperechogenic, with echogenic margins and homogeneous echotexture in total scanning of this organ. The kidney was accessible for examination by sagittal ultrasound, showing an ellipsoid shape, a hyperechogenic capsule with a thin and regular wall. Ultrasonographic scanning of ovarian follicle showed an ovoid shape, as well as a thin, regular and slightly hyperechogenic edge. No evident structures from male reproductive system were identified by ultrasound examination because of their similar echogenic appearance to the tissues around and the “body fat” that lies in this region. Examination by ultrasound of the coelomic structures was a fast and repeatable technique, which provides useful data to recognize the morphology, sintopy and ultrasonographic appearance of organs such as liver, kidneys and vitellogenic follicles.

• Boa constrictor snake ultrasound wild animals Amazon

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Neto F.C.P., Guerra P.C., Costa F.B., Araújo A.V.C., Miglino M.A., Bombonato P.P.,Vulcano L.C. & Alves F.R. 2009. [Ultrasonography of the liver, renal and reproductive apparatus of Boa constrictor Snake.] Ultra-sonografia do fígado, aparelho renal e reprodutivo da jibóia (Boa constrictor). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):317-321. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br Currently, wild animals have been received special attention for domestic breeding. In Wild Animal Medicine, ultrasonographic exams could be considered as a tool to diagnose and prevent disease. Ultrasonographic examination of twenty snakes (Boa constrictor) was performed in order to describe the morphological and ultrasonography appearance of their coelomic structures. Examination by ultrasonography revealed the parechymal liver ranging from slightly hypoechogenic to hyperechogenic, with echogenic margins and homogeneous echotexture in total scanning of this organ. The kidney was accessible for examination by sagittal ultrasound, showing an ellipsoid shape, a hyperechogenic capsule with a thin and regular wall. Ultrasonographic scanning of ovarian follicle showed an ovoid shape, as well as a thin, regular and slightly hyperechogenic edge. No evident structures from male reproductive system were identified by ultrasound examination because of their similar echogenic appearance to the tissues around and the “body fat” that lies in this region. Examination by ultrasound of the coelomic structures was a fast and repeatable technique, which provides useful data to recognize the morphology, sintopy and ultrasonographic appearance of organs such as liver, kidneys and vitellogenic follicles.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.

• Chemical restraint anesthesia tigrina Leopardus tigrinus allometric scaling semen collection

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Juvenal J.C., Erdmann R.H., Moreira N., Moraes W., Cubas P.H., Delgado L.E.S., Carvalho A.L. & Pachaly J.R. 2008. [Chemical restraint of tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus, for semen collection with allometrically scaled doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine.] Contenção farmacológica de gato-do-mato-pequeno, Leopardus tigrinus, para colheita de sêmen, pela associação de tiletamina zolazepam e xilazina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):541-546. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Pa-ranaense, Cx. Postal 162, Umuarama, PR 87502-970, Brazil. E-mail: pachaly@uol.com.br This paper reports the anesthetic effects of the combination of tiletamine HCl, zolazepam HCl, and xylazine HCl in tigrinas, Leopardus tigrinus Schreber, 1775 (Fam. Felidae), submitted to semen collection by electroejaculation. Three different protocols and the individual anesthetic doses were calculated by interspecific allometric scaling, based on the usual recommendations for a 10.0 kg domestic dog: On Protocol 1 (n=10) the basis for calculation was 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.5mg/kg for xylazine; on Protocol 2 (n=12) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 0.75mg/kg for xylazine; and on Protocol 3 (n=11) 5.0mg/kg for tiletamine + zolazepam and 1.0mg/kg for xylazine. The tigrinas were anesthetized on three different occasions with a minimum interval of 30 days. During 120 minutes after the drug administration cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, limb myorelaxation and sensitivity to deep pain were monitored. Latency period, anesthetic period, and contamination of the semen with urine were also monitored. From a total of 32 collections, 10 samples (31.2%) and 18 aliquots (0.07%) were contaminated and rejected, but this episodes were not detrimental for semen analysis and processing. A discrete increase in rectal temperature during electroejaculation caused by muscle contraction, followed by temperature decrease, was observed. Cardiac and respiratory frequency varied during the experiment, but remained within physiological standards for the species. The three tested protocols showed to be safe and effective to produce analgesia and anesthesia in L. tigrinus during semen collection by electroejaculation.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Costa F.B., Arouche M.M.S., Barros A.C.E., Miglino M.A., Vulcano L.C. & Guerra P.C. 2007. [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary system, liver and uterus of Cebus apella monkey.] Avaliação ultra-sonográfica do sistema urinário, fígado e útero do macaco-prego, Cebus apella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):377-382. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br The Brown Capuchin, Cebus apella, has a wide distribution in the northern and southern Brazilian Amazon region and in the Cerrado (savanna). These monkeys are usually submitted to predatory chase, increasing the need for preservation of this wild animal species. An ultrasonographic examination of 10 Brown Capuchins was made in order to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of their abdominal cavity. The urinary bladder revealed its wall thickness with an average of 0.2cm, the topographic situation of which allowed close relation with the wall of uterus and descendent colon. Using caudal abdominal scan, images of aorta, caudal vena cava and right iliac vein were obtained. Liver was accessible for examination by sagittal and cross-section ultrasound, allowing visualization of gallbladder and hepatic vessels. Renal scan allowed accuracy to evidence the echogenicity differences between pelvis, renal sinus, as well as the cortical-medullary relationship. The mean length of the kidneys was 6.24±0.31cm, and no significant differences were observed between left and right kidney length (Student’s t-test and ANOVA). The renal volume obtained was 2.37±0.18cm3. Correlation Coefficients of Pearson between right and left renal length and between right and left renal volume were r = 0.74 and 0.51. Mean thickness for cortical and medullar regions was 0.75±0.11 and 0.39±0.06cm, respectively. Correlation Coefficient of corticomedullar relation between right and left renal was r = 0.19. Examination by ultrasound was considered an efficient, non-invasive, fast and repeatable technique which provides useful data for clinicians and surgeons engaged in wild animal medicine.

• Cebus apella Brown Capuchin ultrasound wild animals Amazon

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Alves F.R., Costa F.B., Arouche M.M.S., Barros A.C.E., Miglino M.A., Vulcano L.C. & Guerra P.C. 2007. [Ultrasonographic evaluation of the urinary system, liver and uterus of Cebus apella monkey.] Avaliação ultra-sonográfica do sistema urinário, fígado e útero do macaco-prego, Cebus apella. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):377-382. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: flaviovet@usp.br The Brown Capuchin, Cebus apella, has a wide distribution in the northern and southern Brazilian Amazon region and in the Cerrado (savanna). These monkeys are usually submitted to predatory chase, increasing the need for preservation of this wild animal species. An ultrasonographic examination of 10 Brown Capuchins was made in order to describe the normal ultrasonographic anatomy of their abdominal cavity. The urinary bladder revealed its wall thickness with an average of 0.2cm, the topographic situation of which allowed close relation with the wall of uterus and descendent colon. Using caudal abdominal scan, images of aorta, caudal vena cava and right iliac vein were obtained. Liver was accessible for examination by sagittal and cross-section ultrasound, allowing visualization of gallbladder and hepatic vessels. Renal scan allowed accuracy to evidence the echogenicity differences between pelvis, renal sinus, as well as the cortical-medullary relationship. The mean length of the kidneys was 6.24±0.31cm, and no significant differences were observed between left and right kidney length (Student’s t-test and ANOVA). The renal volume obtained was 2.37±0.18cm3. Correlation Coefficients of Pearson between right and left renal length and between right and left renal volume were r = 0.74 and 0.51. Mean thickness for cortical and medullar regions was 0.75±0.11 and 0.39±0.06cm, respectively. Correlation Coefficient of corticomedullar relation between right and left renal was r = 0.19. Examination by ultrasound was considered an efficient, non-invasive, fast and repeatable technique which provides useful data for clinicians and surgeons engaged in wild animal medicine.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bonel-Raposoj., Driemeier D., Barros S.S. & Gevehr~Fernandes C. 2003. [Histological and ultrastructural evolution of liver lesions in experimental Myoporum laetum poisoning of sheep and cattle.] Evolução das lesões histológicas e ultra-estruturais no fígado de ovinos e bovinos experimentalmente intoxicados por Myoporum laetum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):149-155. Depto Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com Green leaves of Myoporum laetum were collected during spring and summer, and administered to five sheep and six steers at dosages of 20 and 30 g/kg. Liver biopsies were taken before (Controls) and 1, 3 and 7 days after dosage. ln sheep, the clinicai signs were depression, rumen hypomotility, dried feces, tenesmus, teeth grinding, dyspnea and typical lesions of photosensitization. ln cattle, the clinicai picture was much less pronounced. The main histological findings in sheep were vacuolization of hepatocytes, portal ftbrosis, bile duct proliferation and necrosis of periportal hepatocytes; the ultrastructural examination revealed hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, hepatocellular hydropic degeneration, presence of crystals and severa! other degenerative changes. ln cattle both, the histological and the ultrastructural findings, were less evident.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Myoporum laetum sheep cattle Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por plantas ovinos bovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Bonel-Raposoj., Driemeier D., Barros S.S. & Gevehr~Fernandes C. 2003. [Histological and ultrastructural evolution of liver lesions in experimental Myoporum laetum poisoning of sheep and cattle.] Evolução das lesões histológicas e ultra-estruturais no fígado de ovinos e bovinos experimentalmente intoxicados por Myoporum laetum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):149-155. Depto Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: bonel-raposo@brturbo.com Amostras de Myoporum laetum foram colhidas durante a primavera e verão e administradas a cinco ovinos e seis bovinos em doses únicas de 20 e 30 g/kg. Biópsias hepáticas foram colhidas antes (controles) e 1, 3 e 7 dias após a dosagem da planta. Estas biópsias foram analisadas histológica e ultraestruturalmente. Os sinais clínicos, em ovinos, caracterizaramse, especialmente; pordepressão, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais, fezes ressequidas, tenesmo, ranger de dentes, dispnéia e lesões típicas de fotossensibilização. Em bovinos, o quadro clínico foi discreto. Os principais achados histológicos, em ovinos, incluíram vacuolização de hepatócitos, fibrose portal, proliferação de duetos biliares e necrose de hepatócitos periportais. Os estudos ultra-estruturais, em ovinos, revelaram hiperplasia do retículo endoplasmático liso, tumefação de hepatócitos, degranulação e vesiculação do retículo endoplasmático rugoso, presença de cristais aciculares, retenção biliar, tumefação de mitocôndrias e várias outras alterações degenerativas. Em bovinos, tanto os achados histológicos, quanto os ultra-estruturais foram menos evidentes.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pretto L.G., Müller E.E., Freitas J.C., Mettifogo E., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Salvador R. 2001. [Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle] Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):143-145. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-970, Brazil. In this study 713 cows were examined. The animals were from three dairy farms in northern Paraná and the southwest of the State of São Paulo. From these cows, 137 had mastitis. On the three farms, 8 cows (1-12%) with Mycoplasma bovis mastitis were detected. Four were treated with tylosin and oxytetracyçlin and three with enrofloxacin There was no response to the treatments, and these animals were culled during the lactation period. One cow treated with enrofloxacin almost totally recovered milk production, but elimination of M. bovis continued during the lactation, and there was no bacteriological cure. This cow had a normal milk production in the next lactation period, without elimination of M. bovis. Culling of positive animals, the bacteriological study anel correct application of preventive practices for contagious mastitis controlled the dissemination of M. bovis to other animals.

• Mastitis dairy cattle Mycoplasma bovis Mastite gado leiteiro.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pretto L.G., Müller E.E., Freitas J.C., Mettifogo E., Buzinhani M., Yamaguti M. & Salvador R. 2001. [Mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis in dairy cattle] Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):143-145. Depto Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-970, Brazil. Foram examinadas 713 vacas de três rebanhos leiteiros localizados na região norte do Estado do Paraná e sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo, das quais 137 apresentaram mastite. Nas três propriedades foram detectados oito animais (1, 12%) com mastite clínica por Mycoplasma bovis. Destes animais, quatro tratados com oxitetraciclina e tilosina e três com enrofloxacina, não responderam ao tratamento e foram descartados no decorrer da lactação. Uma vaca medicada com enrofloxacina recuperou quase que totalmente a secreção láctea mas a eliminação de M. bovis persistiu por toda lactação. Esta vaca apresentou cura bacteriológica na lactação seguinte. O descarte dos animais positivos, monitoramento bacteriológico e a aplicação correta das me9idas de prevenção para as mastites contagiosas controlaram a disseminação de M. bovis nos rebanhos.