PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Oliveira C.M.C., Barbosa J.D., Macedo R.S.C., Brito M.F., Peixoto P.V. & Tokarnia C.H. 2004. [A comparative study of the toxicity of Palicourea juruana (Rubiaceae) to buffalo and cattle.] Estudo comparativo da toxidez de Palicourea juruana (Rubiaceae) para búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):27-30. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br An experimental study was performed to establish the toxicity of Palicourea juruana for buffaloes and to add new data on the toxicity of this plant for cattle. The clinical and pathological pictures were similar, but a comparison of the lethal doses for buffaloes (1-2g/kg) and cattle (0.25g/kg) shows that the buffalo is at least 4 times more resistant. In experiments performed 10 years earlier with the fresh leaves - collected on the same farm in July, at the beginning of the dry season, only 2 months later than in this second experimental series - the lethal dose for cattle was 2 g/kg. No explanation was found for the extremely high toxicity of the plant observed in the present study.

• Plant poisoning Palicourea juruana Rubiaceae cattle buffaloes.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Oliveira C.M.C., Barbosa J.D., Macedo R.S.C., Brito M.F., Peixoto P.V. & Tokarnia C.H. 2004. [A comparative study of the toxicity of Palicourea juruana (Rubiaceae) to buffalo and cattle.] Estudo comparativo da toxidez de Palicourea juruana (Rubiaceae) para búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):27-30. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br An experimental study was performed to establish the toxicity of Palicourea juruana for buffaloes and to add new data on the toxicity of this plant for cattle. The clinical and pathological pictures were similar, but a comparison of the lethal doses for buffaloes (1-2g/kg) and cattle (0.25g/kg) shows that the buffalo is at least 4 times more resistant. In experiments performed 10 years earlier with the fresh leaves - collected on the same farm in July, at the beginning of the dry season, only 2 months later than in this second experimental series - the lethal dose for cattle was 2 g/kg. No explanation was found for the extremely high toxicity of the plant observed in the present study.

Abstract in English:

Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H. & Döbereiner J. 2004. [The toxicity of diverse lantanas for cattle and sheep in Brazil.] A toxidez de diversas lantanas para bovinos e ovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):153-159. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Experiments on the toxicity of Lantana spp for cattle and sheep revealed a similar situation as is reported from Australia. Neither all Lantana species nor all varieties which occur in Brazil are poisonous. Lantana samples collected at Boa Vista (Roraima), Castanhal (Pará), Cáceres (Mato Grosso), Serra Talhada (Pernambuco), Cabo Frio and Quatis (Rio de Janeiro), and Canoinhas (Santa Catarina) were toxic. All the other Lantana samples, collected at Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre), Castanhal (Pará), Chapada dos Guimarães and Lambari d’Oeste (Mato Grosso), Jaguaribe (Ceará), Vitória da Conquista and Wanderley (Bahia), Vitória (Espírito Santo), Vassouras, Parati and Itaguaí (Rio de Janeiro) revealed experimentally as non-toxic at a dose of 40g/kg. In all cases the lethal dose was 40 g/kg, with two exceptions: the sample collected at Canoinha (Santa Catarina) was much more toxic (10g/kg) and the one from Serra Talhada (Pernambuco) was much less toxic, as this last sample caused lethal poisoning only at a dosage of 40g/kg/day given during 30 days. Histories about the observation of photosensitization in cattle due to the ingestion of Lantana spp were obtained at Serra Talhada (Pernambuco), Cáceres (Mato Grosso), Cabo Frio and Quatis (Rio de Janeiro), and Canoinhas (Santa Catarina). No correlation could be established between the colour of the flowers of Lantana spp and the toxicity of the plants. This confirms reports from Australia that the toxic potential of the Lantana species is not necessarily related to the colour of their flowers.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Lantana spp Verbenaceae sheep cattle pathology.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H. & Döbereiner J. 2004. [The toxicity of diverse lantanas for cattle and sheep in Brazil.] A toxidez de diversas lantanas para bovinos e ovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):153-159. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Experiments on the toxicity of Lantana spp for cattle and sheep revealed a similar situation as is reported from Australia. Neither all Lantana species nor all varieties which occur in Brazil are poisonous. Lantana samples collected at Boa Vista (Roraima), Castanhal (Pará), Cáceres (Mato Grosso), Serra Talhada (Pernambuco), Cabo Frio and Quatis (Rio de Janeiro), and Canoinhas (Santa Catarina) were toxic. All the other Lantana samples, collected at Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre), Castanhal (Pará), Chapada dos Guimarães and Lambari d’Oeste (Mato Grosso), Jaguaribe (Ceará), Vitória da Conquista and Wanderley (Bahia), Vitória (Espírito Santo), Vassouras, Parati and Itaguaí (Rio de Janeiro) revealed experimentally as non-toxic at a dose of 40g/kg. In all cases the lethal dose was 40 g/kg, with two exceptions: the sample collected at Canoinha (Santa Catarina) was much more toxic (10g/kg) and the one from Serra Talhada (Pernambuco) was much less toxic, as this last sample caused lethal poisoning only at a dosage of 40g/kg/day given during 30 days. Histories about the observation of photosensitization in cattle due to the ingestion of Lantana spp were obtained at Serra Talhada (Pernambuco), Cáceres (Mato Grosso), Cabo Frio and Quatis (Rio de Janeiro), and Canoinhas (Santa Catarina). No correlation could be established between the colour of the flowers of Lantana spp and the toxicity of the plants. This confirms reports from Australia that the toxic potential of the Lantana species is not necessarily related to the colour of their flowers.

Abstract in English:

Tokarnia C.H., Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Brito M.F., Oliveira R.B. & Barbas L.A. 2004. [Comparative epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) in buffalo and cattle.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos comparados da intoxicação por Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) em búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):74-79. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Experiments showed that the clinical and pathological pictures were essentially the same, but the buffalo was at least twice more resistant than the bovine to the toxic effect of Arrabidaea bilabiata (Sprague) Sandw. It was also shown that the young leaves are twice (October, end of the dry season) or one and a half (May, end of the rainy season) more toxic than the mature leaves, and that the plant is more toxic in October. These data indicate that the smaller incidence of poisoning by plants of the group that causes sudden death in buffaloes in the Amazon Region is, in part, due to the greater resistance of this animal species to the toxic action of the plant. Also important seems to be the coincidence of the preferential habitat of the buffalo (flooded areas) with the habitat of A. bilabiata, less toxic than Palicourea marcgravii St.Hil. which is a plant of the non-flooded areas, the preferential habitat of cattle.

• Plant poisoning Arrabidaea bilabiata Bignoniaceae toxicity buffalo cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Tokarnia C.H., Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Brito M.F., Oliveira R.B. & Barbas L.A. 2004. [Comparative epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) in buffalo and cattle.] Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos comparados da intoxicação por Arrabidaea bilabiata (Bignoniaceae) em búfalos e bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):74-79. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Experiments showed that the clinical and pathological pictures were essentially the same, but the buffalo was at least twice more resistant than the bovine to the toxic effect of Arrabidaea bilabiata (Sprague) Sandw. It was also shown that the young leaves are twice (October, end of the dry season) or one and a half (May, end of the rainy season) more toxic than the mature leaves, and that the plant is more toxic in October. These data indicate that the smaller incidence of poisoning by plants of the group that causes sudden death in buffaloes in the Amazon Region is, in part, due to the greater resistance of this animal species to the toxic action of the plant. Also important seems to be the coincidence of the preferential habitat of the buffalo (flooded areas) with the habitat of A. bilabiata, less toxic than Palicourea marcgravii St.Hil. which is a plant of the non-flooded areas, the preferential habitat of cattle.

Abstract in English:

Riet-Correa F., Tabosa I.M., Vasconcelos J.S. & Medeiros J.M. 2004. [Floppy Kid Syndrome.] Síndrome do Cabrito Mole (“Floppy Kid”). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):111-113. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.edu.br The Floppy Kid Syndrome is an acute disease of unknown cause, which affects 3 to 10 day-old kids. It is characterized by severe depression, flacid paralysis, dilatation of the abdomen and metabolic acidosis, without dehydration (paradoxical acidosis). The disease was decribed for the first time in the United States in 1987 and later in Canada and several countries in Europe (Tremblay et al. 1991, Meier 2002). This paper has the objective to show the characteristics of the disease, which already has been diagnosed in Paraíba and occurs probably in other states of Brazil, so that veterinarians and research workers could recognize it and give informations, which may clarify its etiology and pathogenic aspects. Additionally, the epidemiology, clinical signs and pathology of four outbreaks of floppy kid syndrome in Paraiba are reported.

• “Cabrito Mole” Floppy Kid goats acidosis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Riet-Correa F., Tabosa I.M., Vasconcelos J.S. & Medeiros J.M. 2004. [Floppy Kid Syndrome.] Síndrome do Cabrito Mole (“Floppy Kid”). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):111-113. Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB. E-mail: riet@cstr.ufcg.edu.br The Floppy Kid Syndrome is an acute disease of unknown cause, which affects 3 to 10 day-old kids. It is characterized by severe depression, flacid paralysis, dilatation of the abdomen and metabolic acidosis, without dehydration (paradoxical acidosis). The disease was decribed for the first time in the United States in 1987 and later in Canada and several countries in Europe (Tremblay et al. 1991, Meier 2002). This paper has the objective to show the characteristics of the disease, which already has been diagnosed in Paraíba and occurs probably in other states of Brazil, so that veterinarians and research workers could recognize it and give informations, which may clarify its etiology and pathogenic aspects. Additionally, the epidemiology, clinical signs and pathology of four outbreaks of floppy kid syndrome in Paraiba are reported.

Abstract in English:

Malafaia P., Pimentel V.A., Freitas K.P., Coelho C.D., Brito M.F. & Peixoto P.V. 2003. [Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements.] Desempenho ponderal, aspectos econômicos, nutricionais e clínicos de caprinos submetidos a dois esquemas de suplementação mineral. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):15-22. Depto de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. E-mail: malafaia1@ig.com.br Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a “complete” mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation – i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet – was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.

• Goats copper deficiency mineral supplementation tropical forages.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Malafaia P., Pimentel V.A., Freitas K.P., Coelho C.D., Brito M.F. & Peixoto P.V. 2003. [Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements.] Desempenho ponderal, aspectos econômicos, nutricionais e clínicos de caprinos submetidos a dois esquemas de suplementação mineral. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(1):15-22. Depto de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. E-mail: malafaia1@ig.com.br Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a “complete” mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation – i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet – was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Peixoto P.V., Brust L.A.C., Brito M.F., França T.N., Cunha B.R.M. & Andrade G.B. 2003. [Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) poisoning in sheep in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação natural por Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) em ovinos no Sudeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):179-184. Depto Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Inst Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. An outbreak of acute poisoning caused by Amaranthus spinosus is described in ewes of Southern Brazil. The clinical signs were characterized by uremic halitosis, loss of ruminal motility, dispnoea and abortion. Grossly in the kidneys there were pale red spots, white streaks extending from cortex to medulla, and congestion. Histologically there was a severe acute tubular nephrosis, dispersed foci of coagulative necrosis in the tiver, areas of coagulative necrosis in the myocardium and acute incipient interstitial pneumonia as well as secondary bronchopneumonia. Myocardial coagulative necrosis observed in seven sheep was attributed to hyperkalemia secondary to renal insufficiency. No references to spontaneous A. spinosus poisoning in sheep was found in the literature. Attempt to reproduce the poisoning by administration·of the plant to sheep was insuccessful, probably because A. spinosus used was not from fertilized areas.

• Poisonous plants plant poisononig Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae sheep pathology Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por plantas ovino patologia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Peixoto P.V., Brust L.A.C., Brito M.F., França T.N., Cunha B.R.M. & Andrade G.B. 2003. [Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) poisoning in sheep in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação natural por Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) em ovinos no Sudeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(4):179-184. Depto Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Inst Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23835-000, Brazil. No Estado do Rio de janeiro descreve-se um surto de intoxicação aguda por Amaranthus spinosus em 12 ovelhas, caracterizado clinicamente por hálito urêmico, ausência de movimentos ruminais, dispnéia e aborto. Os animais foram colocados em um pasto adubado e severamente invadido pela planta. A necropsia realizada em seis ovinos revelou rins pálidos, em geral, com estriações esbranquiçadas desde o córtex até a medula; em um animal verificaram-se diversos infartos sob forma de figuras geométricas no córtex. O fígado apresentava-se mais claro, por vezes com lobulação evidente. Em um animal verificaram- se áreas pálidas no miocárdio. Os pulmões congestos, algo mais pesados e consistentes, por vezes evidenciavam áreas de hepatização vermelha e cinzenta na porção cranial. Petéquias, equimoses e sufusões foram observadas em serosas, na mucosa do tubo digestório e em outros órgãos. Ao exame histológico verificaram-se acentuada nefrose tubular tóxica, focos aleatórios de necrose coagulativa no fígado, áreas de necrose coagulativa no miocárdio e pneumonia intersticial aguda incipiente acompanhada por áreas de broncopneumonia. Na literatura não foram encontradas referências à intoxicação natural por A. spinosus em ovinos. Tentativas de reprodução da intoxicação coma planta em ovinos, não foram bem sucedidas, provavelmente porque, nos experimentos, não se utilizou A. spinosus proveniente de áreas adubadas. A necrose do miocárdio encontrada, ao exame microscópico do coração de diversos animais foi atribuída a hipercalemia secundária à insuficiência renal, ao passo que a gênese dos infartos renais verificados em um ovino permanece obscura.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brito M.F, Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2001. [Pathology of experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 2. Achados anátomo e histopatólogicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):61-71. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. e-mail: marilene@ufnj.br With the objective to characterize the gross and histopathological changes of poisoning by the tree Stryplmodendron obovatum Benth., of the Leguminosae Mimosoideae family, its pods were given orally to 17 young bovines. Five of the animals died from the poisoning. One of them received one dose of 60g/kg, and four animals repeated doses(10g/kg for 8 days, 20g/ kg for 3 days, 30g/kg for 2 days, and 40g/kg also during 2 days). At post-mortem examination there was reddening and adherence of the mucosal papillae, breaking up of the epithelium and congestion of the propria, mainly in the rumen and with less intensity in the reticulum and omasum. In the abomasum, focal and diffuse congestion of the mucosa, Iarge areas of erosion and ulceration were observed. In the small intestine there was congestion of the mucosa, and the Peyer's plaques were red and well defined. In the large intestine slight to moderate congestion was seen. The mesenteric lymph nodes were reddend on the cut surface. Histological examination showed in the epithelium, from the oral cavity on up to the omasum, areas of acanthosis, spongiosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, necrosis and hydropic-vacuolar degeneration, with formation of intraepithelial vesicles or pustules, sometimes containing acantholytic keratocytes, and splitting of the epithelial layer in these areas. In the entire digestive tract, focal congestion and hemorrhages were observed, more severely in the abomasum and small intestine.

• Poisonous plants experimental plant poisoning Stryphnodendron obovatum cattle Pathology Plantas tóxicas intoxicação experimental por plantas bovinos patologia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brito M.F, Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2001. [Pathology of experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 2. Achados anátomo e histopatólogicos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):61-71. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. e-mail: marilene@ufnj.br Com o objetivo de caracterizar as alterações anátomo e histopatológicas da intoxicação experimental por Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth. (fam. Leg. Mimosoideae), as favas desta árvore foram administradas, por via oral, a 17 bovinos jovens. Destes, cinco morreram, sendo que apenas um deles recebeu 60g/kg das favas, em dose única, e quatro as receberam em doses repetidas (10g/kg durante 8 dias, 20g/kg durante 3 dias, 30g/kg durante 2 dias e 40g/kg durante 2 dias). Macroscopicamente, as lesões se caracterizaram por avermelhamento e aderência das papilas, desprendimento do epitélio e congestão da própria, sobretudo no rúmen e com menor intensidade no retículo e no omaso. No abomaso havia congestão difusa ou focal e grandes áreas com erosões/ulcerações. No intestino delgado observaram-se congestão da mucosa e placas de Peyer muito vermelhas e bem delimitadas e no intestino grosso leve a moderada congestão. Os linfonodos mesentéricos apresentavam-se avermelhados, ao corte. Histologicamente verificaram-se, desde a cavidade oral até o omaso, áreas de acantose, espongiose, paraqueratose, hiperqueratose, necrose e degeneração hidrópico-vacuolar, com formação de vesículas ou pústulas intra-epiteliais, por vezes contendo queratinócitos acantolíticos, e desprendimento epitelial nestas áreas. Congestão e hemorragias focais foram observadas em todo trato digestivo, porém eram mais acentuadas no abomaso e no intestino delgado.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Macedo D.M., Brito L.G. & Moya Borja G.E. 2001. [Emergence of Haematobia irritans in cattle dung pats in Seropédica county, Rio de janeiro] Emergência de Haematobia irritans em fezes bovinas no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):77-80. Depto Parasitologia Animal, Univ. Fed. Rural do Rio de janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. This studywas carried out in order to investigate the emergence of adult flies of Haematobia irritans in cattle dung maintained in the field and in the laboratory, as well as other flies associated with dung pats. Two groups of cattle dung were used, one in the field and another in the laboratory, each group consisting of five fresh dung pats ofmedium size (about 30 cm in diameter), opaque appearance, presence of a thin externai crust· and firm consistency. The dung pats were covered with emergence cages in pyramidal format, presenting a hole in the superior part where a removable flask was coupled, and the substitution of the dung was done every 2 weeks. A total of 355 specimens of H. irritans was collected, 151 of which were obtained in the field and 204 specimens in the laboratory. These differences probably were dueto smaller temperature variations in the laboratory than in the field, besides the action of arthropodal predators, competitors and parasites of horn fly pupae that probably interfered in H. irritans emergence in cattle dung under field conditions. A higher number of females were observed in both conditions. Besides H. irritans, there were collected other flies associated with bovine manure belonging to the following families: Aulacigastridae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Tachinidae and Ulidiidae. Sepsidae was the most abundant, with 5,224 specimens of the total of 8,928 flies collected, followed by Sarcophagidae with 2,235, Muscidae with 1,357, Aulacigastridae with 54, Psychodidae with 46, Ulidiidae with 6 and Tachinidae with 5 specimens.

• Haematobia irritans emergency bovine manure emergência fezes bovinas.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Macedo D.M., Brito L.G. & Moya Borja G.E. 2001. [Emergence of Haematobia irritans in cattle dung pats in Seropédica county, Rio de janeiro] Emergência de Haematobia irritans em fezes bovinas no município de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(2):77-80. Depto Parasitologia Animal, Univ. Fed. Rural do Rio de janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a emergência de Haematobia irritans em fezes de bovinos mantidas a campo e em laboratório, além de observar a presença de outros dípteros associados às massas fecais. Foram utilizados dois grupos de fezes bovinas, um à campo e outro em laboratório, sendo cada grupo formado por cinco bolos fecais frescos de tamanho mediano (cerca de 30 cm de diâmetro), aparência opaca, cor esverdeada, presença de fina crosta externa e consistência firme. As fezes foram cobertas com gaiolas de emergência de formato piramidal, apresentando na parte superior um orifício onde foi acoplado um frasco removível; a substituição das fezes foi realizada quinzenalmente. Foram coletados um total de 355 espécimens de H. irritans, sendo 151 provenientes das gaiolas mantidas no campo e 204 em laboratório. Estas diferenças deveram-se provavelmente à menores oscilações de temperatura verificadas no laboratório do que àquelas ocorridas no campo, além da ação de artrópodes predadores, competidores e parasitóides que, provavelmente, interferiram na emergência de H. irritans nas fezes bovinas mantidas no campo. Foi observado maior número de fêmeas em comparação com machos em ambas as condições investigadas. Além de H. irritans, obteve-se outros dípteros associados às fezes bovinas, pertencentes as seguintes famílias: Aulacigastridae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Sarcophagidae, Sepsidae, Tachinidae e Ulidiidae. Sepsidae foi a mais abundante, com 5.224 exemplares do total de 8.928 dípteros obtidos, seguida por Sarcophagidae com 2.235 espécimens coletados, Muscidae com 1.357, Aulacigastridae com 54, Psychodidae com 46, Ulidiidae com 6 e Tachinidae com 5 exemplares.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Tokarnia C.H., Brito M.F & Cunha B.R.M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae) in cattle. Complementary data] Intoxicação experimental por Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae) em bovinos. Dados complementares. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):1-4. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 4 7, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. In experiments in bovines, which received repeated daily sublethal doses of Asclepias rnrassavica (2.5 and 5.0 g/kg/day during 12 days) till reaching the lethal dose or more, the fresh leaves of the plant did not show a cu mui ative effect. One animal developed tolerance against a dose which previously caused symptoms (5 g/kg), but not against a larger one (10 g/kg) which was given subsequently. The dried plant continued toxic up to 2 months after collection, but after 6 months had lost its toxicity. A mixture of the hacked fresh plant with fresh hacked grass, was not eaten by the animals in amounts that possibly could cause symptoms of poisoning, when given in proportions that varied from 1 :2 to 1 :6, plant:grass. A mixture of the recently dried hacked plant with dried hacked grass, in the proportion of 1 :3, was eaten only by one of four bovines in amounts that possibly could cause symptoms; but even that animal did not show symptoms of poisoning.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Asclepias curassavica Asclepiadaceae pathology cattle Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta patologia bovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Tokarnia C.H., Brito M.F & Cunha B.R.M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae) in cattle. Complementary data] Intoxicação experimental por Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae) em bovinos. Dados complementares. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):1-4. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 4 7, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. Em experimentos com bovinos, que receberam diariamente doses subletais repetidas (2,5 e 5,0 g/kg/dia durante 12 dias) até alcançar a dose letal e/ou ultrapassá-la, A. curassavica recém-coletada não demonstrou efeito acumulativo. Em um animal houve desenvolvimento de tolerância contra a dose que anteriormente causou sintomas de intoxicação (5,0 g/kg), mas não contra uma dose maior (10 g/kg). A planta dessecada continuou tóxica até 2 meses após a coleta, mas após 6 meses tinha perdido a sua toxidez. A mistura da planta fresca picada com capim fresco picado não foi ingerida pelos animais em quantidades que pudessem causar sintomas de intoxicação, em nenhuma das proporções que variaram de 1 :2 a 1 :6, planta : capim. A planta recentemente dessecada picada em mistura com capim fenado picado, na proporção de 1 :3, só foi consumida por um de quatro bovinos em quantidades que poderiam provocar sintomas de intoxicação; mas mesmo esse bovino não chegou a adoecer

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H., Peixoto P.V., Silva H.K. & Nogueira M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by the burs of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle. 1. Clinical aspects] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 1. Caracterização do quadro clínico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):9-17. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. In order to contribute to the characterization of the clinical-pathological picture of poisoning by Stryphnodendron obovatwn Benth. (Leg. Mimosoideae), the pods of the tree were given orally to 17 young bovines. Six animals received the pods only once: Those which received doses of 10 and 20 g/kg, did not show any symptoms of poisoning. Those which receiveel 30, 40 and 40 g/kg of pods, showeel respectively moelerate, severe anel slight symptoms of poisoning, but all recovereel. The animal that was feel 60 g/kg, elieel. Eleven bovines receiveel repeateel doses of the pods: Two of them, which received 2,5 g/kg during 30 days, showed discrete to slight symptoms. Two animals received 5 g/kg during 13 anel 14 days anel showed moderate to severe poisoning. Three animals received 10 g/kg during 20, 8 anel 6 days; the first of them showed slight symptoms, the second died anel the third showed moderate to severe symptoms. Two animals received 20 g/kg during 2 anel 3 days; the first showed slight symptoms, the second died. The two bovines which were fed 30 anel 40 g/kg during 2 days, elieel. First symptoms of poisoning were observed from the first day of the experiments on, anel the clinical course varied from 3 to 63 days. Digestive disorders preelominateel in the clinical-pathological picture. Symptoms were mainly loss of appetite up to anorexia, faeces slightly elry to liquid, elistention of the abdomen without tympanism, loss of ruminal tluid during rumination, decrease in ruminal activity up to atonia, ruminal acidosis, gastro-intestinal colics, sialorrhoea, apathy, loss of weight, elebility, erosions anel ulcers of the oral mucosa. There was congestion of the visible mucous membranes (without icterus) anel of the interdigital parts of the hoofs, areas of focal alopecia anel/or hypotrichia in the axillary regions, the lateral parts of the tighs anel members, loss of hair on the tip of the tail, alterations which can be interpreted as slight photosensitization. In two bovines aspiration pneumonia was verifiecl. In three animals intermittent prolapse of the prepuce was seen, as well as polacuria; sometimes these animals sighed during urination. In all experimental animals the urine was generally turbiel, aciel, dark ambar, with a sweat smell anel high elensity, anel there was proteinuria; in a few animals glicosuria was eliagnoseel. Bilirubine values were normal. Thus, the severe photosensitization reporteei in the literature could not be reproeluceel. Loss of weight, slight photosensitization anel absence of icterus, observed in our experiments, are in accordance with the symptoms reporteei by farmers of the Cerrado-regions (Savanna) where S. obovatum occurs.

• Poisonous plants experimental plant poisoning Stryplmodendron obovatum cattle Plantas tóxicas intoxicação experimental por plantas bovinos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brito M.F., Tokarnia C.H., Peixoto P.V., Silva H.K. & Nogueira M. 2001. [Experimental poisoning by the burs of Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in cattle. 1. Clinical aspects] Intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron obovatum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos. 1. Caracterização do quadro clínico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21 (1):9-17. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil. Com o objetivo de melhor caracterizar o quadro clínico na intoxicação experimental por Stryphnodendron obovatum Benth., procedeu-se a administração das favas, por via oral, a seis bovinos, em doses únicas e a 11 outros, em doses repetidas. Doses únicas de 10 e 20g/kg não provocaram sintomas. Doses únicas de 30 e 40g/kg provocaram quadros clínicos desde leves até graves, porém só morreu o animal que ingeriu 60g/kg. Os animais que ingeriram doses repetidas de 2,5g/kg por 30 dias adoeceram levemente, já os que receberam 5g/kg durante 13 e 14 dias mostraram sintomatologia moderada e grave, respectivamente. Um bovino que recebeu 10g/kg por 8 dias, outro que ingeriu 20g/kg por 3 dias e dois outros que receberam 30 e 40g/kg por 2 dias morreram ela intoxicação. Os outros três bovinos que receberam doses repetidas (dois com doses de 10g/kg por 20 e 6 dias, outro com dose de 20 g/kg por 2 dias) adoeceram, mas se recuperaram. Os primeiros sintomas de intoxicação, em ambos os grupos, foram observados a partir do primeiro dia do experimento e a evolução variou de 3 a 63 dias. Os sintomas consistiram em anorexia, fezes levemente ressecadas a líquidas, distensão do abdômen, sem timpanismo, perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, atonia e acidose ruminal, cólica, sialorréia, apatia, emagrecimento, fraqueza, erosões e úlceras na cavidade oral. Em alguns animais foram observadas congestão de mucosas visíveis (sem icterícia) e de partes despigmentadas da pele, do córion laminar e ela região interdigital cios quatro membros, áreas ele alopecia focal e/ou hipotricose nas regiões axilares, na face lateral elas coxas e membros e perda dos pêlos ela ponta ela cauda, alterações estas que podem ser interpretadas como as ele leve fotossensibilização. Em três bovinos se observaram relaxamento intermitente cio prepúcio, micção freqüente e em gotejamento e, por vezes, gemidos ao eliminar a urina que, em geral, se apresentava turva, ácida, ele cor âmbar-escura, com odor adocicado e com a densidade elevada; os níveis ele bilirrubina na urina foram normais.