Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Almeida M.M., Machado Júnior A.A.N., Ambrósio C.E., Menezes C.E., Righi D.A., Nascimento I.M.R. & Carvalho M.A.M. 2010. [Influence of the scrotum bipartite on the reproductive parameters in goats.] Influência do grau de bipartição escrotal sobre parâmetros reprodutivos de caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):345-350. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus da Socopo, Teresina, PI 64049-530, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br
The influence of scrotum division on the reproductive parameters in goats was evaluated. Thirty animals were divided into three groups of 10 animals each as follows. Group I: animals with simple scrotum (n=10); Group II: animals with 50% of scrotum bipartite (n=10); and Group III: animals with more than 50% of scrotum bipartite (n=10). It was evaluated: body weight, scrotum perimeter and the testicular length, the seminal characteristic, plasmatic concentration of testosterone, and the libido of the animals with different degrees of scrotum division. Animals with divided scrotum had higher weight and testicular length when compared with animals from the first group that had a higher percentage of spermatic defects. It is possible to conclude that there was a positive influence of scrotal bipartition on the biometric parameters and the sperm quality in goats.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Almeida M.M., Machado Júnior A.A.N., Ambrósio C.E., Menezes C.E., Righi D.A., Nascimento I.M.R. & Carvalho M.A.M. 2010. [Influence of the scrotum bipartite on the reproductive parameters in goats.] Influência do grau de bipartição escrotal sobre parâmetros reprodutivos de caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):345-350. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus da Socopo, Teresina, PI 64049-530, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br
Avaliou-se a influência do grau de bipartição escrotal sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos em caprinos. Foram utilizados 30 animais, distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo I, animais que apresentavam escroto sem bipartição (n =10); Grupo II, animais com bipartição escrotal até 50% do comprimento dos testículos (n=10); e Grupo III, caprinos com bipartição escrotal acima de 50% do comprimento testicular (n=10). Os parâmetros avaliados foram peso corporal, perímetro escrotal, comprimento testicular, características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen, concentração plasmática de testosterona e libido dos animais, comparando caprinos com escroto bipartido e não bipartido. Os animais que apresentavam bipartição escrotal expressaram maior peso corporal e comprimento testicular, quando comparados com os animais do grupo sem escroto bipartido, sendo que estes apresentaram maior número de células espermáticas defeituosas. Conclui-se que a bipartição escrotal influencia positivamente alguns parâmetros biométricos bem como a qualidade do sêmen em caprinos.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Miranda-Moura M.T.M., Fonseca V.U., Silva N.B., Freitas M.L., Almeida O.B., Rocha H.A.O., Papa P.C. & Moura C.E.B. 2010. Morphological features and vascularization study of caprine cyclic corpus luteum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):351-357. Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho s/n, Campus Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: mouraeduard@cb.ufrn.br
Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that regulates either the estrous cycle and pregnancy. It presents extreme dependency on the adequate blood supply. This work aims to evaluate goat corpus luteum (CL) vascular density (VD) over the estrous cycle. For that purpose, 20 females were submitted to estrus synchronization/ovulation treatment using a medroxyprogesterone intra-vaginal sponge as well as intramuscular (IM) application of cloprostenol and equine chorionic gonadotrophine (eCG). After sponge removal, estrus was identified at about 72hs. Once treatment was over, female goats were then subdivided into 4 groups (n=5 each) and slaughtered on days 2, 12, 16 and 22 after ovulation (p.o). Ovaries were collected, withdrawn and weighted. CL and ovaries had size and area recorded. Blood samples were collected and the plasma progesterone (P4) was measured through RIA commercial kits. The VD was 24.42±6.66, 36.26±5.61, 8.59±2.2 and 3.97±1.12 vessels/mm2 for days 2, 12, 16 and 22 p.o, respectively. Progesterone plasma concentrations were 0.49±0.08, 2.63±0.66, 0.61±0.14 and 0.22±0.04ng/ml for days 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o, respectively. Studied parameters were affected by the estrous cycle phase. Values greater than 12 p.o were observed. In the present work we observed that ovulation occurred predominantly in the right ovary (70% of the animals), which in turn presented bigger measures than the contra lateral one. There is a meaningful relationship between the weight and size of the ovary and these of CL (r=0.87, r=0.70, respectively, p<0.05). It is possible to conclude that morphology of goat’s ovaries and plasma progesterone concentration changed according to estrous cycle stages. We propose these parameters can be used as indicators of CL functional activity.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Miranda-Moura M.T.M., Fonseca V.U., Silva N.B., Freitas M.L., Almeida O.B., Rocha H.A.O., Papa P.C. & Moura C.E.B. 2010. Morphological features and vascularization study of caprine cyclic corpus luteum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):351-357. Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho s/n, Campus Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: mouraeduard@cb.ufrn.br
O corpo lúteo é uma glândula endócrina temporária que regula tanto o ciclo estral quanto a prenhez, apresentando extrema dependência de aporte sanguíneo adequado. Objetivaram-se avaliar mudanças morfométricas dos ovários e densidade vascular (DV) dos corpos lúteos (CL) de cabras ao longo do ciclo estral (AOLC). Vinte animais foram submetidos ao tratamento para indução/sincronização do estro, usando esponjas intravaginais com medroxiprogesterona, associadas a aplicações intramusculares de cloprostenol e gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina. Após remoção das esponjas, o estro foi identificado em aproximadamente de 72h. Concluído o tratamento, as cabras foram subdivididas em 4 grupos (n=5 cada) para abate nos dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 após ovulação (p.o.). Posteriormente, foram retirados os ovários e realizadas as mensurações de peso, tamanho e área do órgão e dos CL. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e a progesterona sérica (P4) mensurada utilizando-se RIA convencional. A DV média dos CL AOLC foi 24,42±6,66; 36,26±5,61; 8,59±2,2 e 3,97±1,12 vasos/mm2 para os dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o., respectivamente. A concentração média de P4 foi de 0,49±0,08; 2,63±0,66; 0,61±0,14 e 0,22±0,04ng/ml para os dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o., respectivamente. Os parâmetros em estudo também se mostraram afetados pela fase do ciclo estral, sendo observados os maiores (p < 0,05) valores no dia 12 p.o. Neste experimento, a ovulação ocorreu predominantemente no ovário direito (70% dos animais), o qual apresentou medidas maiores que o contralateral. Observou-se ainda alta correlação significativa entre o peso do ovário e o do CL (r=0,87; p<0,05) e entre o tamanho destes órgãos (r=0,70; p<0,05). Conclui-se que, a morfologia dos ovários de cabras e a concentração sérica de progesterona variam em função da fase do ciclo estral e podem ser utilizadas como parâmetro na avaliação funcional do órgão.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Martins B.C., Rodrigues Jr E.F., Souza A.L.G., Almeida D.E., Brito F.L.C., Canola J.C., Brooks D. & Laus J.L. 2010. A and B mode ultrasonography in preopera-tive evaluation of lens and posterior segment of dogs eyes with cataract. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):121-126. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jllaus@fcav.unesp.br
Ultrasonography of the lens and posterior segment is an indispensable step in the preoperative evaluation of dogs with cataracts, since ophthalmoscopy is not feasible when there is opacification of the lens. This study evaluated the echographic conditions of cataractous lens and fundus of the eye in dogs affected by cataracts. The study was conducted in 30 dogs (56 eyes), 10 males and 20 females, with different types of cataracts at different stages of development. Echography in A and B modes, simultaneously, was carried out for the examination of the lens and posterior segment. The examinations revealed anterior cortical, posterior cortical and nuclear cataract in 12 eyes (21.4%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular in 23 eyes (41%), anterior cortical, posterior cortical and posterior capsular cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical and nuclear cataract in one eye (1.7%), anterior cortical, nuclear and posterior capsular cataract in five eyes (8.9%), and anterior cortical cataract in seven eyes (12.5%). Abnormal ultrasonographic alterations were observed in the posterior segment in 26 eyes evaluated (46.4%). Vitreal degeneration was detected in 12 eyes (21.4%), images of vitreal exudate or hemorrhage in seven eyes (12.5%), persistence of hyaloid artery in four eyes (7.1%) and lens subluxation in three eyes (5.3%). The results obtained reiterate the importance of ultrasonography in canine patients presented for cataract surgery given that alterations of the posterior segment are difficult to identify in a clinical examination when the lens is opacified.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Martins B.C., Rodrigues Jr E.F., Souza A.L.G., Almeida D.E., Brito F.L.C., Canola J.C., Brooks D. & Laus J.L. 2010. A and B mode ultrasonography in preopera-tive evaluation of lens and posterior segment of dogs eyes with cataract. [Ultrassonografia em modo A e B na avaliação pré-operatória da lente e do segmento posterior de olhos de cães com catarata.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(2):121-126. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jllaus@fcav.unesp.br
A ultrassonografia do segmento posterior do bulbo do olho é etapa indispensável na avaliação de cães com catarata que serão submetidos à facectomia, uma vez que a oftalmoscopia não é factível quando há opacificação da lente, notadamente nas cataratas maduras. Este estudo avaliou as condições ecográficas da lente cataratogênica e do fundo de olho de cães cursando com catarata. Foram avaliados 30 cães (56 olhos), sendo 10 machos e 20 fêmeas, cursando com catarata em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Realizou-se a ecografia em modo A e B simultaneamente. Os exames revelaram catarata cortical anterior, posterior e nuclear em 12 olhos (21,4%), catarata cortical anterior, posterior, nuclear e capsular posterior em 23 olhos (41%), catarata cortical anterior, posterior e capsular posterior em um olho (1,7%), catarata cortical anterior e nuclear em um olho (1,7%), catarata cortical anterior, nuclear e capsular posterior em cinco olhos (8,9%) e catarata cortical anterior em sete olhos (12,5%). Alterações no segmento posterior foram observadas, à ultrassonografia, em 26 olhos avaliados (46,4%). Degeneração vítrea foi detectada em 12 olhos (21,4%), imagens compatíveis com exsudato ou hemorragia em sete olhos (12,5%), persistência da artéria hialóide em quatro olhos (7,1%) e subluxação da lente em três olhos (5,3%). Os resultados obtidos reiteram a importância da ultrassonografia em cães candidatos à cirurgia de catarata, uma vez que o exame do segmento posterior do bulbo do olho é de difícil execução, devido à opacificação da lente.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br
Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum and the occurrence of disease in horses was described in the North and Northwest State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The disease was described in cattle, sheep, humans, and horses in different states and regions across the country. This paper describes the development of IgY and IgG polyclonal antibodies, in chicken and rabbits, respectively against proteins extracted from kunkers and hyphae of P. insidiosum from affected horses. The proteins were recognized by chicken, rabbit and horse antibodies by immunodiffusion and Western blot against majority bands of 27 and 43 KDa, and titrated by ELISA. The antibodies IgY developed by the first time against Brazilian strains of P. insidiosum may represent a valuable tool in the detection of antigens of the pathogen and contribute to further studies aimed at immunotherapy and knowledge about this disease in endemic areas in Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. [Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos IgY em galinhas e IgG em coelhos imunizados contra proteínas de Pythium insidiosum isolado de equinos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br
Pitiose é causada por Pythium insidiosum e a doença foi descrita em equinos no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A doença foi descrita em bovinos, ovelhas, humanos e cavalos em diferentes estados e regiões do país. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de anticorpos policlonais, IgY e IgG, em galinha e coelho, respectivamente, contra proteínas extraídas de kunkers e hifas de P. insidiosum de cavalos doentes. As proteínas foram reconhecidas por anticorpos de galinha, coelho e cavalos contra as bandas majoritárias de 27 e 34 KDa em imunodifusão e Western blot tituladas por ELISA. Os anticorpos IgY desenvolvidos pela primeira vez contra cepas brasileiras de P. insidiosum podem representar um valioso instrumento na detecção de antígenos de patógenos e contribuem para novos estudos baseados na imunoterapia e no entendimento sobre esta doença em áreas endêmicas no Rio de Janeiro e em todo o país.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Silva M.B., Almeida A.O., Fadel L., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Influence of angiotensin receptor blocker of renal function and arterial pression in GRMD dogs.] Influência do bloqueador de receptor de angiotensina na função renal e pressão arterial em cães GRMD. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):322-326. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: marinabrito@usp.br
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by a continuous muscle necrosis and degeneration with eventual fibrosis and fatty tissue infiltration. Progressive increase in muscle interstitial fibrosis prevents the movement of myogenic cells, which is necessary for myotube formation. Canine model is the best phenocopies of the disease in humans when comparing with others animal models with dystrophy. Anti-fibrotic treatment of DMD patients, targeting the cytokine mediators, TGF-beta, and the treatment with antiinflammatories, may limit muscle degeneration and contribute for the improvement of the course of the illness. This work aimed to verify the possible adverse effects in renal physiology by means of evaluation sanguineous biochemist and arterial pressure, in order to verifying the viability of Losartan (a TGF-beta inhibiter) in affected dogs by muscle dystrophy. It was used four adults dogs, two of each gender. A dose of 50mg of Losartan was orally given once a day. The clinical exams, the kidney function, arterial blood pressure and potassium level did not show any adverse effect through the experimental period. Losartan utilization showed to be a safe therapy for the antifibrotic treatment in adults dogs, not affecting neither the kidney function nor the arterial blood pressure.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Silva M.B., Almeida A.O., Fadel L., Ambrósio C.E. & Miglino M.A. 2009. [Influence of angiotensin receptor blocker of renal function and arterial pression in GRMD dogs.] Influência do bloqueador de receptor de angiotensina na função renal e pressão arterial em cães GRMD. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):322-326. Setor de Anatomia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: marinabrito@usp.br
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by a continuous muscle necrosis and degeneration with eventual fibrosis and fatty tissue infiltration. Progressive increase in muscle interstitial fibrosis prevents the movement of myogenic cells, which is necessary for myotube formation. Canine model is the best phenocopies of the disease in humans when comparing with others animal models with dystrophy. Anti-fibrotic treatment of DMD patients, targeting the cytokine mediators, TGF-beta, and the treatment with antiinflammatories, may limit muscle degeneration and contribute for the improvement of the course of the illness. This work aimed to verify the possible adverse effects in renal physiology by means of evaluation sanguineous biochemist and arterial pressure, in order to verifying the viability of Losartan (a TGF-beta inhibiter) in affected dogs by muscle dystrophy. It was used four adults dogs, two of each gender. A dose of 50mg of Losartan was orally given once a day. The clinical exams, the kidney function, arterial blood pressure and potassium level did not show any adverse effect through the experimental period. Losartan utilization showed to be a safe therapy for the antifibrotic treatment in adults dogs, not affecting neither the kidney function nor the arterial blood pressure.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Watanabe I., Guimarães J.P., Boleta S.A., Almeida S.R.Y., Righeti M.M., Santos T.C., Miglino M.A. & Kfoury Junior J.R. 2009. Nerve endings of filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae of dorsal tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary: Neurohistological observations. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):281-285. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: watanabe@icb.usp.br
The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sections of 40mm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30oC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Watanabe I., Guimarães J.P., Boleta S.A., Almeida S.R.Y., Righeti M.M., Santos T.C., Miglino M.A. & Kfoury Junior J.R. 2009. Nerve endings of filliform, fungiform and vallate papillae of dorsal tongue mucosa of White-lipped peccary: Neurohistological observations. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(4):281-285. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: watanabe@icb.usp.br
The neurohistologic observations were performed using the specimens prepared by Winkelmann and Schmitt silver impregnation method. The tissues were fixed in 10% formalin solution and sections of 40mm thickness were obtained by Leica Cryostat at -30oC. The sections of dorsal mucosa of White-lipped peccary tongue showed numerous filliform and fungiform papillae, and two vallate papillae on the caudal part. The epithelial layer revealed queratinized epithelial cells and the connective tissue papillae of different sizes and shapes. Thick nerve fiber bundles are noted into the subepithelial connective tissue of the papillae. The connective tissue of fungiform and vallate papillae contained numerous sensitive nerves fibers bundles forming a complex nerve plexus.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Flores E.F., Weiblen R, Vogel F.S.F., Dezengrini R., Almeida S.R., Spilki F.R. & Roehe P.M. 2009. [Experimental neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus 5 infection in rabbits.] Neuropatogênese experimental da infecção pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 em coelhos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):1-16. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS. Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com
Several aspects of the biology of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) have been studied in rabbits, which develop acute infection and neurological disease upon experimental inoculation. The acute infection is followed by the establishment of latent infection, which can be naturally or artificially reactivated. The first experiments in rabbits established a protocol for virus inoculation and monitoring the infection, and characterized the main virological, clinical and pathological aspects of the acute infection. The pathogenesis of acute infection, from the initial viral replication at site of inoculation, pathways and kinetics of viral transport to the brain, distribution and virus replication in the central nervous system (CNS), cellular and tissue tropism, clinical signs and CNS pathology have been extensively studied using this animal model. Subsequently, several biological and molecular aspects of latent BoHV-5 infection have also been elucidated upon inoculation of rabbits. Rabbits have also been used to investigate the phenotype (neuroinvasiveness, neurogrowth) of field isolates and recombinant vaccine candidates, protection by passive immunity, vaccine protection, the efficacy of anti-viral drugs and support therapies for neurological disease. This animal model was also used to investigate the origin and distribution of electric impulses involved in seizures - a hallmark of BoHV-5 induced neurological infection - and also to test the efficacy of anti-convulsivants. In spite of the possible differences between rabbits and cattle - the natural host of the virus - the observations taken from this experimental model have greatly contributed to the knowledge of the biology of BoHV-5 infection. The present article presents a review of the main published and unpublished results and observations by our group, comprising more than a decade of studies on the pathogenesis of BoHV-5 infection in the rabbit model.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Flores E.F., Weiblen R, Vogel F.S.F., Dezengrini R., Almeida S.R., Spilki F.R. & Roehe P.M. 2009. [Experimental neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus 5 infection in rabbits.] Neuropatogênese experimental da infecção pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 em coelhos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):1-16. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS. Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com
Several aspects of the biology of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) have been studied in rabbits, which develop acute infection and neurological disease upon experimental inoculation. The acute infection is followed by the establishment of latent infection, which can be naturally or artificially reactivated. The first experiments in rabbits established a protocol for virus inoculation and monitoring the infection, and characterized the main virological, clinical and pathological aspects of the acute infection. The pathogenesis of acute infection, from the initial viral replication at site of inoculation, pathways and kinetics of viral transport to the brain, distribution and virus replication in the central nervous system (CNS), cellular and tissue tropism, clinical signs and CNS pathology have been extensively studied using this animal model. Subsequently, several biological and molecular aspects of latent BoHV-5 infection have also been elucidated upon inoculation of rabbits. Rabbits have also been used to investigate the phenotype (neuroinvasiveness, neurogrowth) of field isolates and recombinant vaccine candidates, protection by passive immunity, vaccine protection, the efficacy of anti-viral drugs and support therapies for neurological disease. This animal model was also used to investigate the origin and distribution of electric impulses involved in seizures - a hallmark of BoHV-5 induced neurological infection - and also to test the efficacy of anti-convulsivants. In spite of the possible differences between rabbits and cattle - the natural host of the virus - the observations taken from this experimental model have greatly contributed to the knowledge of the biology of BoHV-5 infection. The present article presents a review of the main published and unpublished results and observations by our group, comprising more than a decade of studies on the pathogenesis of BoHV-5 infection in the rabbit model.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Silva Júnior A., Castro L.A., Chiarelli Neto O., Silva F.M.F., Vidigal P.M.P., Moraes M.P. & Almeida M.R. 2009. Development and evaluation of a recombinant DNA vaccine candidate expressing porcine circovirus 2 structural protein. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):76-82. Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: marcia@ufv.br
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is generally associated with the porcine circovirosis syndrome, which is considered an important disease of swine and has potentially serious economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. This article describes the construction of a recombinant plasmid expressing the PCV2 structural protein and the evaluation of cellular and humoral immune responses produced by this recombinant vaccine in BALB/c mice. The vaccine candidate was obtained and analyzed in vivo, in an effort to determine the ability to induce a specific immune response in mice. DNA was extracted from a Brazilian PCV2 isolate and the gene coding for Cap protein was amplified by PCR and inserted into an expression plasmid. Groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated intra-muscularly and intradermally in a 15-day interval, with 100 µg and 50 µg of the vaccine construct, respectively. Another group was inoculated intramuscularly with 100 µg of empty plasmid, corresponding to the control group. Seroconversion and cellular response in BALB/c mice were compared and used for vaccine evaluation. Seroconversion was analyzed by ELISA. After a series of 3 immunizations the spleen cells of the immunized animals were used to perform lymphocyte proliferation assays. Seroconversion to PCV2 was detected by ELISA in the animals inoculated with the vaccine construct when compared with control groups. Lymphocyte proliferation assays showed a stronger cell proliferation in the inoculated animals compared with the control group. Thus, the vaccine candidate construct demonstrated to be able to induce both humoral and cellular responses in inoculated mice.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Silva Júnior A., Castro L.A., Chiarelli Neto O., Silva F.M.F., Vidigal P.M.P., Moraes M.P. & Almeida M.R. 2009. Development and evaluation of a recombinant DNA vaccine candidate expressing porcine circovirus 2 structural protein. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):76-82. Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: marcia@ufv.br
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is generally associated with the porcine circovirosis syndrome, which is considered an important disease of swine and has potentially serious economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. This article describes the construction of a recombinant plasmid expressing the PCV2 structural protein and the evaluation of cellular and humoral immune responses produced by this recombinant vaccine in BALB/c mice. The vaccine candidate was obtained and analyzed in vivo, in an effort to determine the ability to induce a specific immune response in mice. DNA was extracted from a Brazilian PCV2 isolate and the gene coding for Cap protein was amplified by PCR and inserted into an expression plasmid. Groups of BALB/c mice were inoculated intra-muscularly and intradermally in a 15-day interval, with 100 µg and 50 µg of the vaccine construct, respectively. Another group was inoculated intramuscularly with 100 µg of empty plasmid, corresponding to the control group. Seroconversion and cellular response in BALB/c mice were compared and used for vaccine evaluation. Seroconversion was analyzed by ELISA. After a series of 3 immunizations the spleen cells of the immunized animals were used to perform lymphocyte proliferation assays. Seroconversion to PCV2 was detected by ELISA in the animals inoculated with the vaccine construct when compared with control groups. Lymphocyte proliferation assays showed a stronger cell proliferation in the inoculated animals compared with the control group. Thus, the vaccine candidate construct demonstrated to be able to induce both humoral and cellular responses in inoculated mice.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Freitas M.F.L., Luz I.S., Silveira-Filho V.M., Júnior J.W.P., Stamford T.L.M., Mota R.A., Sena M.J., Almeida A.M.P., Balbino V.Q. & Leal-Balbino T.C. 2008. Staphylococcal toxin genes in milk samples from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):617-621. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus da Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. E-mail: cristina@cpqam.fiocruz.br
The present study was carried out in 11 dairy herds in four municipal districts of the rural area of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Out of 984 quarter milk (246 cows), 10 (1.0%) were positive for clinical mastitis, 562 (57.1%) for subclinical mastitis and 412 (41.9%) were negative. A total of 81 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from milk samples from the cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. From these, 53 (65.0%) were S. aureus, 16 (20.0%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and 12 (15.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were further investigated for the presence of toxin genes by multiplex and uniplex PCR. The main gene observed was seg followed by seh, sei and sej. The distribution of these observed genes among the isolates obtained from different areas showed a regional pattern for the SEs. The presence of toxin genes in the strains isolated from bovine milk demonstrates a potential problem for public health.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Freitas M.F.L., Luz I.S., Silveira-Filho V.M., Júnior J.W.P., Stamford T.L.M., Mota R.A., Sena M.J., Almeida A.M.P., Balbino V.Q. & Leal-Balbino T.C. 2008. Staphylococcal toxin genes in milk samples from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(12):617-621. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Campus da Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil. E-mail: cristina@cpqam.fiocruz.br
The present study was carried out in 11 dairy herds in four municipal districts of the rural area of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Out of 984 quarter milk (246 cows), 10 (1.0%) were positive for clinical mastitis, 562 (57.1%) for subclinical mastitis and 412 (41.9%) were negative. A total of 81 Staphylococcus spp. isolates were obtained from milk samples from the cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. From these, 53 (65.0%) were S. aureus, 16 (20.0%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) and 12 (15.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The isolates were further investigated for the presence of toxin genes by multiplex and uniplex PCR. The main gene observed was seg followed by seh, sei and sej. The distribution of these observed genes among the isolates obtained from different areas showed a regional pattern for the SEs. The presence of toxin genes in the strains isolated from bovine milk demonstrates a potential problem for public health.
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.E., Wenceslau C.V., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Morini A.C., Morini Jr J.C., Ambrósio C.E., Miglino M.A. & Prada I.L.S. 2008. [Morphophysiology of diaphragm innervation in sheep.] Morfofisiologia da inervação do diafragma de ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):399-409. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br
Thirty diaphragms of sheep of Santa Inês breed were studied regarding their origin, division and arrangement of the right and left phrenic nerves (Fde), and the participation of other nerves in the innervation of the diaphragm. By fixing and dissecting pieces, it was found that phrenic nerves (F) frequently come from the ventral branches of the 5th (C5) and 6th (C6) cervical spinal nerves (Ec), at right (46.67%) and at left (43.33%). The F often form a lumbocostal trunk, sternal branches at right (40.00%) and lumbar, costal and esternal branches at left (36.68%). The lumbar branches of F innervate frequently at left (96.67%) the homolateral pillar of the diaphragma, and at right (50.00%) they give fillets to Vena cava caudalis. The costal branches of the F innervate at left (90.00%) and at right (76.66%) the dorsal and ventral regions of the pars costalis. The sternal branches of the F innervate at right (100.00%) and at left (83.33%) the pars sternalis and the ventral region of the pars costalis at the same side. The intercostal nerves (VII to XII pairs, 63.33%) contribute to innervate the diaphragm of Santa Inês sheep.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Almeida A.E., Wenceslau C.V., Teixeira D.G., Araújo K.P.C., Morini A.C., Morini Jr J.C., Ambrósio C.E., Miglino M.A. & Prada I.L.S. 2008. [Morphophysiology of diaphragm innervation in sheep.] Morfofisiologia da inervação do diafragma de ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):399-409. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br
Thirty diaphragms of sheep of Santa Inês breed were studied regarding their origin, division and arrangement of the right and left phrenic nerves (Fde), and the participation of other nerves in the innervation of the diaphragm. By fixing and dissecting pieces, it was found that phrenic nerves (F) frequently come from the ventral branches of the 5th (C5) and 6th (C6) cervical spinal nerves (Ec), at right (46.67%) and at left (43.33%). The F often form a lumbocostal trunk, sternal branches at right (40.00%) and lumbar, costal and esternal branches at left (36.68%). The lumbar branches of F innervate frequently at left (96.67%) the homolateral pillar of the diaphragma, and at right (50.00%) they give fillets to Vena cava caudalis. The costal branches of the F innervate at left (90.00%) and at right (76.66%) the dorsal and ventral regions of the pars costalis. The sternal branches of the F innervate at right (100.00%) and at left (83.33%) the pars sternalis and the ventral region of the pars costalis at the same side. The intercostal nerves (VII to XII pairs, 63.33%) contribute to innervate the diaphragm of Santa Inês sheep.