Resultado da pesquisa (3506)

Termo utilizado na pesquisa Não fornecido

#2561 - Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E, 30(1):57-62

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com The immunogenicity of an inactivated, experimental vaccine based on a bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was evaluated in cattle and the results were compared with a vaccine containing the parental BoHV-5 strain (SV507/99). To formulate the vaccines, each virus (wildtype SV507/99 and BoHV-5 gE/TKD) was multiplied in cell culture and inactivated with binary ethyleneimine (BEI). Each vaccine dose contained approximately of 107.5 TCID50 of inactivated virus mixed with an oil-based adjuvant (46:54). Forty calves, 6 to 9-months-old, were allocated into two groups of 20 animals each and vaccinated twice (days 0 and 22pv) by the subcutaneous route with either vaccine. Serum samples collected at day 0 and at different intervals after vaccination were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies against the parental virus and against heterologous BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 isolates. The VN assays demonstrated seroconversion to the respective homologous viruses in all vaccinated animals after the second vaccine dose (mean titers of 17.5 for the wildtype vaccine; 24.1 for the recombinant virus). All animals remained reagents up to day 116 pv, yet showing a gradual reduction in VN titers. Animals from both vaccine groups reacted in similar VN titers to different BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 isolates, yet the magnitude of serological response of both groups was higher against BoHV-5 field isolates. Calves vaccinated with the recombinant virus did not develop antibodies to gE as verified by negative results in a gE-specific ELISA, what would allow serological differentiation from naturally infected animals. Taken together, these results indicate that inactivated antigens of BoHV-5 gE/TK recombinant virus induced an adequate serological response against BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 and thus can be used as an alternative, differential vaccine candidate.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brum M.C.S., Caron L., Chowdhury S.I., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2010. Immunogenicity of an inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 strain defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E. [Imunogenicidade de uma cepa inativada do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva na timidina quinase e glicoproteína E.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):57-62. Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com A imunogenicidade de vacina experimental inativada, produzida com uma cepa do herpesvírus bovino tipo 5 defectiva nos genes da timidina quinase e glicoproteína E (BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foi avaliada em bovinos e o resultado foi comparado com a resposta induzida pela cepa parental do BoHV-5 (SV507/99). Para a formulação da vacina, cultivos de células infectados com cada um dos vírus (SV507/99 ou BoHV-5 gE/TKD) foram inativados com etilenamina binária. Cada dose de vacina continha aproximadamente 107,5 TCID50 de um dos vírus inativados emulsionado em adjuvante oleoso (46:54). Quarenta bezerros de raças cruzadas, com idade entre seis a nove meses, foram alocados em dois grupos de 20 animais cada e vacinados duas vezes (dia 0 e 22 pv) pela via subcutânea com uma das vacinas. Amostras de soro foram coletadas no dia 0 e a vários intervalos após vacinação para a pesquisa de anticorpos neutralizantes frente ao vírus homólogo ou frente a isolados de BoHV-5 e BoHV-1. Os testes de soroneutralização (SN) demonstraram que todos os animais soroconverteram após a segunda dose da vacina (títulos médios de 17,5 para o grupo SV507/99; 24,1 para o grupo BoHV-5 gE/TKD). Todos os animais mantiveram níveis de anticorpos neutralizantes até o dia 116 pv, no entanto foi observada uma redução gradual no títulos. A sorologia cruzada com amostras heterólogas do BoHV-5 e BoHV-1 indicou que ambos os grupos vacinais reagiram em níveis similares frente ao mesmo vírus, no entanto a magnitude da resposta sorológica foi maior frente a amostras de BoHV-5. Os animais vacinados com a cepa recombinante não desenvolveram anticorpos contra a gE detectáveis por um ELISA específico, o que permitiria a sua diferenciação sorológica de animais infectados naturalmente. Esses resultados demonstram que a vacina contendo antígenos inativados do vírus recombinante BoHV-5 gE/TKD induziu resposta sorológica em níveis satisfatórios, constituindo-se, assim, em alternativa a cepa vacinal diferencial.


#2562 - Acute and chronic nervous signs in cattle associated with Phalaris angusta poisoning in Argentina, 30(1):63-66

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Cantón G., Campero C., Villa M. & Odriozola E. 2010. Acute and chronic nervous signs in cattle associated with Phalaris angusta poisoning in Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):63-66. INTA EEA Balcarce, CC 276, (7620) Balcarce, Argentina. E-mail: gcanton@balcarce.inta.gov.ar Phalaris angusta is a South American natural grass that produces poisoning in sheep and cattle in Argentina and Brazil. Phalaris spp. can produce unrelated forms of poisoning in ruminants, acute and chronic syndromes. The objective of this paper was to describe an outbreak of acute and chronic Phalaris nervous syndrome in 53 of 980 fattening steers and heifers in a farm of Buenos Aires province. On September of 2006 the animals developed nervous signs and died after 3-5 days. The herd was removed to a phalaris-free pasture. Three months later (on December) 15 new clinical cases developed in the herd. Necropsy performed in one affected calf showed neither grossly nor microscopic changes. Microscopically, there were no major alterations in tissues. Nervous signs had been described in some field cases where neither pigment deposition nor axonal degeneration could be detected. Clinical findings displayed by affected cattle after consumption of Phalaris angusta pastures resemble those observed by other authors in Phalaris staggers. This is the first report in Argentina where both syndromes were seen in the same herd.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Cantón G., Campero C., Villa M. & Odriozola E. 2010. Acute and chronic nervous signs in cattle associated with Phalaris angusta poisoning in Argentina. [Sinais nervosos agudos e crônicos em bovinos na Argentina associados à intoxicação por Phalaris angusta.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):63-66. INTA EEA Balcarce, CC 276, (7620) Balcarce, Argentina. E-mail: gcanton@balcarce.inta.gov.ar Phalaris angusta é uma gramínea originária da América do Sul, que causa intoxicação em ovinos e bovinos na Argentina e Brasil. A intoxicação pode ocasionar quadros nervosos agudos ou crônicos, independentes um do outro. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever ambos os quadros (agudo e crônico) da intoxicação por Phalaris em um rebanho de 980 garrotes em engorda na província de Buenos Aires. Em setembro de 2006, 53 animais desenvolveram sinais nervosos e morreram após um curso clínico de 3-5 dias. O rebanho foi trocado para uma pastagem sem Phalaris. Em dezembro, alguns animais apresentaram diarréia, depressão e perda progressiva de peso. Quando eram forçados a se movimentar, os sinais progrediam para incoordenação dos membros torácicos, impossibilidade de se manter em pé e decúbito lateral. Havia perda de peso e os animais morriam após um curso clínico de 5-7 dias. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas nem histológicas nos animais com as duas formas da doença. Os sinais clínicos observados são semelhantes aos observados em outros surtos de intoxicação aguda ou crônica por Phalaris angusta.


#2563 - Paratuberculosis in goats and sheep in Brazil, 30(1):67-72

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira D.M., Riet-Correa F., Galiza G.J.N., Assis A.C.O., Dantas A.F.M., Bandarra P.M. & Garino Jr F. 2010. [Paratuberculosis in goats and sheep in Brazil.] Paratuberculose em caprinos e ovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):67-72. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br This paper reports paratuberculosis in sheep and goats for the first time in Brazil. On Farm 1 in a flock of 33 goats and 13 sheep, one adult female goat presented progressive weight loss during about one year, and soft feces during one month before death. All the animals from the flock were submitted to the comparative tuberculin test. One sheep was positive to the avian tuberculin (2.2%) and in two the results were inconclusive. On Farm 2, in a flock of 200 sheep and 80 goats, one adult ewe presented progressive weight loss during about one year, and soft feces during 20 days before death. All sheep older than four months of age and 23 goats were submitted to tuberculin test with avian tuberculin; 47 (25.4%) sheep were positive, 115 (61.5%) had inconclusive results, and 25 (13.4%) were negative. No positive tuberculin test were observed in the goats, but in 11 (47.8%) the test was inconclusive and in 12 (52.2%) was negative. At necropsy both affected animals had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. In the affected sheep, the gut wall was thickened and corrugated, mainly in the ileum and ileocecal valve. Histologically, granulomas with mainly foamy macrophages were observed in the lamina propria and submucosa of the gut, in mesenteric lymph nodes, and in the goat also in the liver. One tuberculin positive sheep and one tuberculin negative goat from Farm 1 were euthanized and necropsied. A mild thickened of the intestinal wall was observed grossly in both animals. Inflammatory infiltrate with mainly lymphocytes was observed on the submucosa and lamina propria of the gut. In the four cases acid-alcohol positive rods, positive for Mycobacterium spp. on immunohistochemical examination were observed in macro-phages and lymphocytes. New studies are necessary to know the prevalence and economical impact of paratuberculosis in goats and sheep in Brazil, to determine control measures, and to evaluate the risk of human transmission.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira D.M., Riet-Correa F., Galiza G.J.N., Assis A.C.O., Dantas A.F.M., Bandarra P.M. & Garino Jr F. 2010. [Paratuberculosis in goats and sheep in Brazil.] Paratuberculose em caprinos e ovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):67-72. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Campus de Patos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB 58700-000, Brazil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Este trabalho relata, pela primeira vez no Brasil, no Estado da Paraíba, paratuberculose em dois rebanhos com criação conjunta de caprinos e ovinos. Na Fazenda 1, de um rebanho de 33 caprinos e 13 ovinos, uma cabra adulta apresentou emagrecimento progressivo por aproximadamente um ano e fezes pastosas um mês antes da morte. Todos os animais do rebanho foram tuberculinizados com a prova comparativa. Um ovino (2,2%) teve resultado positivo à tuberculina aviar e em dois o teste foi inconclusivo. Na Fazenda 2, com 200 ovinos e 80 caprinos, foi afetada uma ovelha adulta que apresentou emagrecimento progressivo por aproximadamente um ano e fezes pastosas por aproximadamente 20 dias. Todos os ovinos com mais de 4 meses de idade e 23 caprinos foram tuberculinizados com tuberculina aviar; em 47 (25,4%) o resultado foi positivo, em 115 (61,5%) inconclusivo e em 25 (13,4%) negativo. Entre as cabras não houve nenhuma positiva à tuberculina aviar, mas em 11 (47,8%) o teste foi inconclusivo e em 12 (52,2%) foi negativo. Na necropsia dos dois animais com sinais clínicos os linfonodos mesentéricos estavam aumentados de tamanho e edemaciados. O ovino afetado da Fazenda 2, apresentou espessamento e enrugamento da mucosa do intestino, principalmente no íleo e válvula íleo-cecal. Microscopicamente o caprino e o ovino com sinais clínicos apresentaram lesões semelhantes, caracterizadas por granulomas com predominância de macrófagos espumosos, na lâmina própria e submucosa do intestino e linfonodos mesentéricos. O ovino positivo à tuberculina e um caprino negativo na Fazenda 1 foram eutanasiados e apresentaram discreto espessamento da mucosa do íleo. Na histologia foi observado infiltrado preferentemente linfocítico. Em todos os casos dentro de macrófagos e linfócitos havia bacilos ácool-ácidos resistentes, positivos na imuno-histoquímica para Mycobacterium spp. Sugere-se a necessidade de estudar a prevalência de paratuberculose em rebanhos de caprinos e ovinos no Brasil, determinar medidas de controle e avaliar a possibilidade de transmissão para humanos.


#2564 - Perinatal lesions caused in lambs by feeding Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) to sheep at different stages of their pregnancy, 30(1):73-78

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Cardinal S.G., Aniz A.C., Santos B.S., Carvalho N.M. & Lemos R.A.A. 2010. [Perinatal lesions caused in lambs by feeding Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) to sheep at different stages of their pregnancy.] Lesões perinatais em ovinos causadas pela ingestão de Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) em diferentes estágios de gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):73-78. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Filinto Müller s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br In order to verify the effects of non-lethal doses of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa on ovine fetuses, experimental poisoning in sheep at different days of pregnancy was performed. Green leaves of shooting plants were administered to 9 pregnant ewes divided into three experimental groups. Sheep from Group 1 received four doses of 5g/kg of fresh leaves for 4 days; those from Group 2 received 10g/kg for 2 days; Group 3 sheep received a dose of 20g/kg for one day, and sheep from Group 4 did not receive the plant and served as negative controls. To check the plant toxicity, a male sheep (positive control) received 5g/kg until the onset of clinical signs. No signs of poisoning were observed in pregnant ewes; three lambs died 1-5 days after birth, and a fourth lamb died within 3 months after have been born. The positive control died after 38 days of daily consumption of the plant, presenting tachypnea, tachycardia, drowsiness, incoordination, weakness and sudden death. All four dead lambs and the positive control sheep were necropsied. The gross lesions were whitish areas in the myocardium, increased lobular pattern of the liver, dark red lungs, metabolization of pericardial fat, and ruminal distention with free gas. Histological findings were cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte necrosis, pulmonary congestion and edema, and spongy degeneration in subcortical cerebral white matter. Tetrapterys multiglandulosa resulted toxic for ovine fetuses at doses that were not suffient to induce clinical signs in the pregnant ewes, demonstrating that the poisoning may be a cause of death of lambs soon after birth, even several months after the ingestion of the plant has been discontinued.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Cardinal S.G., Aniz A.C., Santos B.S., Carvalho N.M. & Lemos R.A.A. 2010. [Perinatal lesions caused in lambs by feeding Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) to sheep at different stages of their pregnancy.] Lesões perinatais em ovinos causadas pela ingestão de Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) em diferentes estágios de gestação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):73-78. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Filinto Müller s/n, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: eqrural@nin.ufms.br Foi realizada a intoxicação experimental em ovelhas em diferentes dias de gestação, 12 ovelhas foram dividas em quatro grupos. As ovelhas do Grupo 1 consumiram quatro doses de 5g/kg de folhas verdes durante quatro dias; ovinos do Grupo 2 consumiram duas doses de 10g/kg durante dois dias, o Grupo 3 consumiu uma dose de 20g/kg em um único dia e os ovinos do Grupo 4 não consumiram a planta (controle-negativo). Para testar a toxicidade da planta um ovino macho consumiu 5g/kg até manifestação dos sintomas. Não foram observados sinais clínicos da intoxicação nas ovelhas, mas três cordeiros tiveram morte perinatal, e um cordeiro morreu com três meses de idade; o ovino controle-positivo morreu após 38 dias de consumo diário da planta e os sinais clínicos foram taquipnéia, taquicardia, sonolência, incoordenação e fraqueza. Todos os quatro cordeiros e o ovino controle-positivo foram necropsiados e os achados de necropsia foram áreas esbranquiçadas no miocárdio, evidenciação do padrão lobular do fígado, pulmão vermelho enegrecido e rúmen acentuadamente distendido com presença de gases livres. Os achados histopatológicos foram fibrose cardíaca, necrose dos cardiomiócitos, congestão e edema pulmonar, congestão hepática centrolobular e degeneração esponjosa na região subcortical do encéfalo. Tetrapterys multiglandulosa demonstrou ser tóxica para os fetos ovinos em dosagens que não foram suficientes para induzir sinais clínicos nas ovelhas prenhes, e que a intoxicação pode ocorrer com morte de cordeiros logo após o parto, mesmo após meses de ter cessada a ingestão da planta.


#2565 - Electrophoretic profile and concentration of immunoglobulins G (IgG) in blood serum of Saanen goats with experimental mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus suplemented with vitamin E, 30(1):79-86

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fonteque J.H., Kohayagawa A., Mattoso C.R.S., Lopes S.T.A., Paes P.R.O., Cassetari M.L. & Langoni H. 2010. [Electrophoretic profile and concentration of immunoglobulins G (IgG) in blood serum of Saanen goats with experimental mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus suplemented with vitamin E.] Perfil eletroforético e concentração de imunoglobulinas G (IgG) do soro sanguíneo de cabras Saanen com mastite experimental induzida por Staphylococcus aureus suplementadas com vitamina E. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):79-86. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Es-tado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br The objective was to evaluate the electrophoretic profile of proteins and serum concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Saanen goats with mastitis experimentally induced by Staphylococcus aureus (dl-a-tocopherol acetated). 14 adult goats, (supplemented with vitamin E DL-a-tocopherol) primiparous pregnant, seronegative for caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAEV), clinically healthy, were divided into two groups of seven animals: Not supplemented group (G1) and group supplemented with 2.000 UI of DL-a-tocopherol (G2 Vit E), by intramuscular injection on the day of the parturition and seven days later. At the 9th day after delivery 300 UFCs of the S. aureus ATCC 225923 strain were inoculated into the left half of the mammary gland of each animal. The mastitis was determined through collection of milk samples for evidence of infection by means of bacteriological examination, somatic cell count (SCC) and California Mastitis Test (CMT). Then samples were collected after 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, antimicrobial intra-mammary gland treatment was initiated, with new evaluation 48 hours after treatment. The electrophoretic profile of serum protein of the goats, showed five fractions, as follows: albumin and globulin (a, b1, b2 e g-globulin). There was an increase in the production of g-globulin and lower production of b2-globulin fraction 12 hours after infection, and faster decrease in the supplemented group, showing the influence of vitamin E in the production of acute phase proteins. There was no influence of vitamin E in the serum concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in supplemented animals. The supplementation with vitamin E increased the concentration of immunoglobulin and decreased the production of acute phase proteins, probably the antioxidant effect minimizing the tissue injury during the inflammatory process in the mammary gland.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fonteque J.H., Kohayagawa A., Mattoso C.R.S., Lopes S.T.A., Paes P.R.O., Cassetari M.L. & Langoni H. 2010. [Electrophoretic profile and concentration of immunoglobulins G (IgG) in blood serum of Saanen goats with experimental mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus suplemented with vitamin E.] Perfil eletroforético e concentração de imunoglobulinas G (IgG) do soro sanguíneo de cabras Saanen com mastite experimental induzida por Staphylococcus aureus suplementadas com vitamina E. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):79-86. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Hospital de Clínica Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Es-tado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: fonteque@cav.udesc.br O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o perfil eletroforético das proteínas e a concentração sérica de imunoglobulina G (IgG) em cabras da raça Saanen com mastite induzida experimentalmente por Staphylococcus aureus e suplementadas com vitamina E (acetato de dl-a-tocoferol). Utilizaram-se 14 cabras adultas, gestantes, primíparas, com sorologia negativa para Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV), clinicamente sadias, divididas em dois grupos experimentais de sete animais. Grupo não suplementado (G1) e grupo suplementado com 2.000 U.I. de acetato de dl-a-tocoferol (G2 Vit E) via intramuscular no dia do parto e sete dias após o parto. Ao nono dia do pós-parto foram inoculados 300 UFCs da cepa de S. aureus ATCC 225923, na metade esquerda da glândula mamária de cada animal. A mastite foi determinada pela colheita das amostras de leite para a comprovação da infecção, por meio de exames bacteriológicos, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e California Mastitis Test (CMT), a partir deste momento foram efetuadas colheitas às 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, sendo posteriormente instituído o tratamento intramamário com antimicrobiano e nova avaliação 48 horas após o tratamento. O perfil eletroforético em gel de agarose das proteínas séricas das cabras, apresentaram cinco frações, sendo: albumina e globulinas (a, b1, b2 e g). Houve aumento na produção de g-globulina e menor produção da fração b2-globulina 12 horas após a infecção, com os valores reduzindo mais rapidamente no grupo suplementado, evidenciando a influência da vitamina E na diminuição da produção das proteínas de fase aguda. Não houve influência da vitamina E na concentração sérica de imunoglobulina G (IgG) nos animais suplementados. A suplementação com vitamina E aumentou a concentração de imunoglobulinas e diminuiu a produção de proteínas de fase aguda, provavelmente pelo efeito antioxidante minimizando a lesão tecidual durante o processo inflamatório localizado na glândula mamária.


#2566 - Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro, 30(1):87-93

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum and the occurrence of disease in horses was described in the North and Northwest State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The disease was described in cattle, sheep, humans, and horses in different states and regions across the country. This paper describes the development of IgY and IgG polyclonal antibodies, in chicken and rabbits, respectively against proteins extracted from kunkers and hyphae of P. insidiosum from affected horses. The proteins were recognized by chicken, rabbit and horse antibodies by immunodiffusion and Western blot against majority bands of 27 and 43 KDa, and titrated by ELISA. The antibodies IgY developed by the first time against Brazilian strains of P. insidiosum may represent a valuable tool in the detection of antigens of the pathogen and contribute to further studies aimed at immunotherapy and knowledge about this disease in endemic areas in Rio de Janeiro and in Brazil.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Nunes Rangel M.F., Lemos L.S., Almeida C.M.C., Sales L.G. & Vieira-da-Motta O. 2010. Development of Polyclonal IgY antibodies in chickens and IgG in rabbits immunized against proteins of Pythium insidiosum isolated from horses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. [Desenvolvimento de Anticorpos IgY em galinhas e IgG em coelhos imunizados contra proteínas de Pythium insidiosum isolado de equinos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):87-93. Micologia Veterinária do Setor de Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Horto, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil. E-mail: olney@uenf.br Pitiose é causada por Pythium insidiosum e a doença foi descrita em equinos no Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A doença foi descrita em bovinos, ovelhas, humanos e cavalos em diferentes estados e regiões do país. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de anticorpos policlonais, IgY e IgG, em galinha e coelho, respectivamente, contra proteínas extraídas de kunkers e hifas de P. insidiosum de cavalos doentes. As proteínas foram reconhecidas por anticorpos de galinha, coelho e cavalos contra as bandas majoritárias de 27 e 34 KDa em imunodifusão e Western blot tituladas por ELISA. Os anticorpos IgY desenvolvidos pela primeira vez contra cepas brasileiras de P. insidiosum podem representar um valioso instrumento na detecção de antígenos de patógenos e contribuem para novos estudos baseados na imunoterapia e no entendimento sobre esta doença em áreas endêmicas no Rio de Janeiro e em todo o país.


#2567 - Protothecosis: An emergent disease, 30(1):94-101

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Camboim E.K.A., Neves P.B., Garino Jr F., Medeiros J.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. [Protothecosis: An emergent disease.] Prototecose: uma doença emergente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):94-101. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-970 Patos, PB, Brasil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Protothecosis, caused by Prototheca zopfii or P. wickerhamii, is an emergent disease of human and animals. In cattle, P. zopfii is an important cause of environmental mastitis. In dogs and cats protothecosis is caused mainly by P. zopfii, causing cutaneous infections or a systemic form affecting many organs in dogs, and cutaneous infection affecting mainly the skin of the face and nose in cats. In humans, protothecosis, caused mainly by P. wickerhamii, occurs in three forms: cutaneous; olecran bursitis; and disseminated. The lesion is usually localized in the site of inoculation in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunocompromised patients, it can become widespread. Protothecosis caused by P. wickerhamii was recently reported in goats causing rhinitis and dermatitis of the face and pinna. This paper reviews microbiologic characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobials of Prototheca spp., and the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control of protothecosis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Camboim E.K.A., Neves P.B., Garino Jr F., Medeiros J.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. [Protothecosis: An emergent disease.] Prototecose: uma doença emergente. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(1):94-101. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-970 Patos, PB, Brasil. E-mail: franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br Prototecose, causada por Prototheca zopfii ou P. wickerhamii, é uma doença emergente em animais e humanos. Em bovinos, P. zopfii é uma importante causa de mastite ambiental. Em cães e gatos, a prototecose é causada principalmente por P. zopfii. Em cães, causa infecção cutânea ou uma forma sistêmica envolvendo diversos órgãos. Em gatos, predominam as lesões tegumentares na região da face e plano nasal. No homem, a prototecose, causada principalmente por P. wickerhamii, manifesta-se sob três formas: cutânea, articular com bursite do olécrano e sistêmica. Pode ocorrer em indivíduos imunocompetentes, os quais podem apresentar bursite e/ou infecções cutâneas localizadas, ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, nos quais a enfermidade pode ser disseminada e/ou com envolvimento visceral. A prototecose causada por P. wickerhamii foi descrita recentemente em caprinos como causa de rinite afetando o vestíbulo nasal, união mucocutânea, pele da face e orelha. Nesta revisão são abordadas as características microbiologias e susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos do agente, e a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, patologia, diagnóstico, tratamento e controle da prototecose em animais domésticos e no homem.


#2568 - Occurrence of parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) of the Tiete Ecological Park, São Paulo, Brazil, 29(12):959-962

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Milanelo L., Moreira M.B., Fitorra L.S., Petri B.S.S., Alves M. & Santos A.C. 2009. Occurrence of parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) of the Tiete Ecological Park, São Paulo, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):959-962. Centro de Recuperação de Animais Selvagens, Parque Ecológico do Tietê, Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica, Rua Guira Acangatara 70, Engenheiro Goulart, São Paulo, SP 03719-000, Brazil. E-mail: lmilanelo@gmail.com Dioctophymosis is a worldwide renal parasitosis caused by the Dioctophyma renale nematode, which results in progressive destruction of renal tissue. Aquatics annelids are considered the main intermediate hosts and the literature refers as permanent hosts of dogs, wild mammals and even humans. During procedures for population control of coatis (Nasua nasua) in the Ecological Park of Tietê (PET), was noticed the presence of parasitosis by D. renale. From 68 animals, males and females, young and adults, submitted to exploratory laparotomy, 51 were positive for the presence of worms, 9 were found only in the right kidney. In 10 cases, in addition to right kidney parasitism, worms were also observed in the abdominal cavity. In 24 cases D. renale was found only in the abdominal cavity and in 8 animals the right kidney was reduced to a small rigid structure. The study showed that the preferred site for parasitism of the worm, considered erratic, was the abdominal cavity in 66.66% of the cases.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Milanelo L., Moreira M.B., Fitorra L.S., Petri B.S.S., Alves M. & Santos A.C. 2009. Occurrence of parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in ring-tailed coatis (Nasua nasua) of the Tiete Ecological Park, São Paulo, Brazil. [Ocorrência de parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em quati (Nasua nasua) do Parque Ecológico Tietê, São Paulo.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):959-962. Centro de Recuperação de Animais Selvagens, Parque Ecológico do Tietê, Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica, Rua Guira Acangatara 70, Engenheiro Goulart, São Paulo, SP 03719-000, Brazil. E-mail: lmilanelo@gmail.com RESUMO.- [Ocorrência de parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em quati (Nasua nasua) do Parque Ecológico Tietê, São Paulo.] A dioctofimose é uma parasitose renal causada pelo nematóide Dioctophyma renale conhecida por gerar a destruição progressiva do parênquima renal. Anelídeos de água doce são considerados os principais hospedeiros intermediários e a literatura refere como hospedeiros definitivos cães domésticos, mamíferos selvagens e até seres humanos. Durante procedimentos de controle populacional de quatis (Nasua nasua) no Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET), evidenciou-se a presença do parasitismo por D. renale. Sessenta e oito animais foram submetidos à laparotomia, machos e fêmeas, jovens e adultos, dos quais 51 foram positivos para presença do parasita. Em 9 animais o parasita esteve presente apenas no rim direito; em 10 animais D. renale parasitava o rim direito e a cavidade abdominal simultaneamente. Em outros 24 quatis o parasita foi encontrado apenas na cavidade abdominal e em 8 animais o rim direito foi reduzido apenas a uma pequena estrutura rígida. O estudo demonstrou que para este hospedeiro (Nasua nasua), o rim direito não parece ser local de escolha do parasita, já que o encontro do verme em 66,6% dos casos foi a cavidade abdominal.


#2569 - Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, in response to calcitonin administration, 29(12):963-968

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Srivastav A.K., Singh S., Mishra D. & Srivastav S.K. 2009. Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, in response to calcitonin administration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):963-968. Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India. E-mail: ajaiksrivastav@hotmail.com The absence o!!f a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin (CT) in fishes has been suggested due to exceedingly high plasma levels of CT; the fish may be saturated with respect of circulating CT and therefore unable to respond to exogenously administered CT. Earlier it has been suggested that a hypocalcemic action of injected CT may be obscured by changes in the release of endogenous CT and other calcium regulating hormones. In this study we have used artificial freshwater, calcium-deficient freshwater and calcium-rich freshwater and injected the fish with CT. The aim behind selecting these media were (i) in calcium-deficient medium there would be reduced circulating levels of CT, (ii) in calcium-rich medium there would be diminished secretion of prolactin (this hormone is hypercalcemic in fish), and (iii) by keeping the fish in calcium-rich medium we can test the antihypercalcemic action of CT. Moreover, the present study would reveal the changes in the ultimobranchial gland (UBG) after keeping the fish in all the above three media and/or injecting the fish with CT. Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were administered intraperitoneally daily with vehicle or 0.5 U/100g body wt of salmon calcitonin (CT) and kept in artificial freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater and calcium-deficient freshwater for 10 days. Blood samples were collected on 1, 3, 5, and 10 days following the treatment and analyzed for serum calcium levels. The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) was also fixed for histological studies on these intervals. In artificial freshwater there was no change in the serum calcium levels of calcitonin-injected fish. The ultimobranchial gland of calcitonin-injected fish exhibited a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume from day 5 onwards. On day 10 vacuolization in the gland was also noticed. In vehicle-injected fish (control) kept in calcium-rich freshwater hypercalcemia has been noticed which persists till the end of the experiment. In calcitonin-treated fish maintained in calcium-rich freshwater there is no change in serum calcium level as compared to vehicle-injected fish. In vehicle-injected fish the UBG depicts decreased staining response and increased nuclear volume at day 5. On day 10 the nuclear volume is further increased and few degenerating cells have been noticed. Calcitonin fails to induce any histological change in the UBG as compared to control. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the serum calcium levels decrease from day 1 to day 3. The levels exhibit hypercalcemia on day 10. CT treatment to the fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater evokes a decrease in the calcium levels on day 1 and day 3. A significant hypercalcemia has been noticed on day 5 and day 10. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG reveals a decreased staining response on day 10. In CT-injected fish maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG depicts an increased nuclear volume and few exhausted cells on day 10. It can be concluded that CT can provoke hypocalcemia only when the fish is kept in medium which reduces the circulating levels of this hormone. The UBG of the fish kept in different calcemic media responded in a manner to indicate that it produces hypocalcemic factor - CT.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Srivastav A.K., Singh S., Mishra D. & Srivastav S.K. 2009. Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, in response to calcitonin administration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):963-968. Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India. E-mail: ajaiksrivastav@hotmail.com The absence o!!f a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin (CT) in fishes has been suggested due to exceedingly high plasma levels of CT; the fish may be saturated with respect of circulating CT and therefore unable to respond to exogenously administered CT. Earlier it has been suggested that a hypocalcemic action of injected CT may be obscured by changes in the release of endogenous CT and other calcium regulating hormones. In this study we have used artificial freshwater, calcium-deficient freshwater and calcium-rich freshwater and injected the fish with CT. The aim behind selecting these media were (i) in calcium-deficient medium there would be reduced circulating levels of CT, (ii) in calcium-rich medium there would be diminished secretion of prolactin (this hormone is hypercalcemic in fish), and (iii) by keeping the fish in calcium-rich medium we can test the antihypercalcemic action of CT. Moreover, the present study would reveal the changes in the ultimobranchial gland (UBG) after keeping the fish in all the above three media and/or injecting the fish with CT. Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were administered intraperitoneally daily with vehicle or 0.5 U/100g body wt of salmon calcitonin (CT) and kept in artificial freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater and calcium-deficient freshwater for 10 days. Blood samples were collected on 1, 3, 5, and 10 days following the treatment and analyzed for serum calcium levels. The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) was also fixed for histological studies on these intervals. In artificial freshwater there was no change in the serum calcium levels of calcitonin-injected fish. The ultimobranchial gland of calcitonin-injected fish exhibited a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume from day 5 onwards. On day 10 vacuolization in the gland was also noticed. In vehicle-injected fish (control) kept in calcium-rich freshwater hypercalcemia has been noticed which persists till the end of the experiment. In calcitonin-treated fish maintained in calcium-rich freshwater there is no change in serum calcium level as compared to vehicle-injected fish. In vehicle-injected fish the UBG depicts decreased staining response and increased nuclear volume at day 5. On day 10 the nuclear volume is further increased and few degenerating cells have been noticed. Calcitonin fails to induce any histological change in the UBG as compared to control. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the serum calcium levels decrease from day 1 to day 3. The levels exhibit hypercalcemia on day 10. CT treatment to the fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater evokes a decrease in the calcium levels on day 1 and day 3. A significant hypercalcemia has been noticed on day 5 and day 10. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG reveals a decreased staining response on day 10. In CT-injected fish maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG depicts an increased nuclear volume and few exhausted cells on day 10. It can be concluded that CT can provoke hypocalcemia only when the fish is kept in medium which reduces the circulating levels of this hormone. The UBG of the fish kept in different calcemic media responded in a manner to indicate that it produces hypocalcemic factor - CT.


#2570 - Influence of body temperature on rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) anesthetized with ketamine, 29(12):969-973

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carregaro A.B., Cruz M.L., Cherubini A.L. & Luna S.P.L. 2009. [Influence of body temperature on rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) anesthetized with ketamine.] Influência da temperatura corporal de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) submetidas à anestesia com cetamina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):969-973. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. E-mail: carregaro@smail.ufsm.br The aim of the study was to verify the influence of the body temperature under physiological values and latency and recovery times on rattlesnakes anesthetized with ketamine. The animals were previously submitted to hypothermia (HYPO) (<22°C) and normothermia (30°C) (NORMO) and then, anesthetized with 80 mg/kg IM of ketamine. Latency and recovery times were evaluated by head tonus, muscular tonus and righting reflex. Heart rate (HR), time of apnea and body temperature were measured before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ketamine administration. Blood gases parameters were measured before, 30 and 60 minutes. It was not observed difference on latency time in both groups. The recovery time was higher on HYPO (5,5 hours) compared to NORMO (3,5 hours). HR was higher on NORMO compared to HYPO. Time of apnea was the same pattern on both groups. Compared to basal levels, time of apnea was shorter between 5 to 30 min on both groups. Respiratory acidosis was observed only at 0 min in NORMO. SvO2 was higher after 30 min, the same as with PvO2 in both groups. PvCO2 reduced after 30 min in both groups. It was evident that body temperature exerts intense influence on the recovery time on rattlesnakes anesthetized with ketamine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Carregaro A.B., Cruz M.L., Cherubini A.L. & Luna S.P.L. 2009. [Influence of body temperature on rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) anesthetized with ketamine.] Influência da temperatura corporal de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) submetidas à anestesia com cetamina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):969-973. Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil. E-mail: carregaro@smail.ufsm.br O estudo objetivou verificar a influência da temperatura corporal nos parâmetros fisiológicos e nos períodos de indução e recuperação anestésicos de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus) anestesiadas com cetamina. Os animais foram previamente submetidos à hipotermia (HIPO) (<22°C) e normotermia (30°C) (NORMO) e anestesiados com 80mg/kg IM de cetamina. Foram avaliados os períodos de latência e recuperação da anestesia por meio do tônus de cabeça, tônus muscular e reflexo de endireitamento. Mensurou-se a frequência cardíaca (FC), tempo de apnéia e temperatura corporal em 0 min e 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min e análise dos gases sanguíneos em 0 min, 30 e 60 min. Não houve diferença em relação ao período de latência entre os grupos. A recuperação dos animais em HIPO foi mais prolongada (5,5 horas) que em NORMO (3,5 horas). Obteve-se FC no grupo NORMO superior que no grupo HIPO. O tempo de apnéia manteve o mesmo padrão em ambos os grupos. Em relação ao basal, tanto em HIPO quanto em NORMO o tempo de apnéia diminuiu acentuadamente entre 5 e 30 min. Observou-se acidose respiratória no grupo NORMO apenas em 0 min. O SvO2 elevou-se significativamente após 30 min, o mesmo ocorrendo com a PvO2. A PvCO2 diminuiu em ambos os grupos após 30 min. Evidenciou-se que a temperatura corporal influencia intrinsecamente o período de recuperação de cascavéis anestesiadas com cetamina.


Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal SciELO Brasil CAPES CNPQ UNB UFRRJ CFMV