PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F., Serakides R., Santos R.L., Dias G.R.C., Nascimento R.A.P., Abreu V.L.V, Parreiras P.M. & Uzal F.A. 2005. Immunohistochemical detection of Clostridia species in paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally inoculated guinea pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):4-8. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: assisra@rwnet.com.br Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, whereas malignant oedema is caused by C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii, C. perfringens type A, and/or C. novyi type A. Anti-C. chauvoei, anti-C. septicum, anti-C. sordellii and anti-C. novyi type A polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits and purified in a column of DEAE-cellulose. Aliquots of the antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and the remaining was used for the streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique (SBPT). SBPT was standardized to detect C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs. SBPT was compared to a fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sections and smears of muscle from inoculation area (MIA), heart, liver, spleen and kidney, were obtained for both SBPT and FAT. Cross-reactions between the different Clostridial species were not observed. C. chauvoei and C. septicum were detected in all specimens from the animals inoculated with these microorganisms, while only sections of muscle obtained from all the animals inoculated with C. sordellii and C. novyi type A were positive. The same results observed by the SBPT, were obtained on tissue smears of these microorganisms stained by the FAT. The results indicate that SBPT is suitable for detection of C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs.

• Blackleg malignant oedema Clostridia guinea pigs fluorescent antibody technique streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Assis R.A., Lobato F.C.F., Serakides R., Santos R.L., Dias G.R.C., Nascimento R.A.P., Abreu V.L.V, Parreiras P.M. & Uzal F.A. 2005. Immunohistochemical detection of Clostridia species in paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally inoculated guinea pigs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):4-8. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: assisra@rwnet.com.br Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, whereas malignant oedema is caused by C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii, C. perfringens type A, and/or C. novyi type A. Anti-C. chauvoei, anti-C. septicum, anti-C. sordellii and anti-C. novyi type A polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits and purified in a column of DEAE-cellulose. Aliquots of the antisera were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and the remaining was used for the streptavidin biotin peroxidase technique (SBPT). SBPT was standardized to detect C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs. SBPT was compared to a fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Sections and smears of muscle from inoculation area (MIA), heart, liver, spleen and kidney, were obtained for both SBPT and FAT. Cross-reactions between the different Clostridial species were not observed. C. chauvoei and C. septicum were detected in all specimens from the animals inoculated with these microorganisms, while only sections of muscle obtained from all the animals inoculated with C. sordellii and C. novyi type A were positive. The same results observed by the SBPT, were obtained on tissue smears of these microorganisms stained by the FAT. The results indicate that SBPT is suitable for detection of C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. sordellii and C. novyi type A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of guinea pigs.

Abstract in English:

García y Santos M.C., Schild A.L., Barros S.S., Riet-Correa F., Elias F. & Ramos A.T. 2004. [Perinatal lesions in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ateleia glazioviana (Leg. Papilionoideae).] Lesões perinatais em bovinos na intoxicação experimental por Ateleia glazio-viana (Leg.Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):178-184. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx.Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Leaves of Ateleia glaziovian Baill., dried in a 100o C oven for 16-20 hours, were given to seven crossbred cows, always as bolus. Two of them received 9 g/kg at 4 months of pregnancy. Three cows in the 8th month of pregnancy received daily doses of 1-2 g/kg of the leaves, until a total amount of 10, 21 and 28 g/kg/bw was reached. Two 8-month-pregnant cows were fed 15.5 and 18 g/kg of the dried leaves. Two 4-month-pregnant cows were fed 35 g/kg of green leaves of A. glazioviana. The cow treated with 21 g/kg of the dry plant material showed clinical signs of poisoning and delivered a stillborn calf. No clinical signs were observed in the other cows. The calves from cows that received 9, 15.5 and 28 g/kg of the dried leaves showed weakness and suckling difficulties, and were killed. Whitish areas and thickening of the right ventricle wall of the heart were observed in the stillborn calf. Thickening of the wall of the right ventricle was also observed in the calf delivered by the cow treated with 28g/kg of dry plant. The other calves had no gross lesions. The histological changes in all necropsied calves were characterized by tumefaction and vacuolization of muscle fibers and proliferation of fibrous tissue, similar as occurred in spontaneous cases of fibrosis of the heart muscle in cattle poisoned by A. glazioviana. PAS stained slides revealed positive granules in the cardiomyocytes more evident than those of the control calf. The stillborn calf had mild spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum, thalamus and rostral colliculi. The ultrastructural pathology revealed cardiac fibers with large glycogen storage within myofibril bundles, which showed loss of bundles and disappearance of whole sarcomers. Mild glycogen storage was observed in a control calf.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Ateleia glazioviana Leguminosae Papilionoideae abortion cardiac fibrosis glycogenosis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

García y Santos M.C., Schild A.L., Barros S.S., Riet-Correa F., Elias F. & Ramos A.T. 2004. [Perinatal lesions in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ateleia glazioviana (Leg. Papilionoideae).] Lesões perinatais em bovinos na intoxicação experimental por Ateleia glazio-viana (Leg.Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):178-184. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx.Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Leaves of Ateleia glaziovian Baill., dried in a 100o C oven for 16-20 hours, were given to seven crossbred cows, always as bolus. Two of them received 9 g/kg at 4 months of pregnancy. Three cows in the 8th month of pregnancy received daily doses of 1-2 g/kg of the leaves, until a total amount of 10, 21 and 28 g/kg/bw was reached. Two 8-month-pregnant cows were fed 15.5 and 18 g/kg of the dried leaves. Two 4-month-pregnant cows were fed 35 g/kg of green leaves of A. glazioviana. The cow treated with 21 g/kg of the dry plant material showed clinical signs of poisoning and delivered a stillborn calf. No clinical signs were observed in the other cows. The calves from cows that received 9, 15.5 and 28 g/kg of the dried leaves showed weakness and suckling difficulties, and were killed. Whitish areas and thickening of the right ventricle wall of the heart were observed in the stillborn calf. Thickening of the wall of the right ventricle was also observed in the calf delivered by the cow treated with 28g/kg of dry plant. The other calves had no gross lesions. The histological changes in all necropsied calves were characterized by tumefaction and vacuolization of muscle fibers and proliferation of fibrous tissue, similar as occurred in spontaneous cases of fibrosis of the heart muscle in cattle poisoned by A. glazioviana. PAS stained slides revealed positive granules in the cardiomyocytes more evident than those of the control calf. The stillborn calf had mild spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum, thalamus and rostral colliculi. The ultrastructural pathology revealed cardiac fibers with large glycogen storage within myofibril bundles, which showed loss of bundles and disappearance of whole sarcomers. Mild glycogen storage was observed in a control calf.

Abstract in English:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

• Salmonella sp Staphylococcus aureus swine carcass slaughterhouse HACCP.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Lima E.S.C., Pinto P.S.A., Santos J.L., Vanetti M.C.D., Bevilacqua P.D., Almeida L.P., Pinto M.S. & Dias F.S. 2004. [Isolation of Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus at swine slaughtering as subsidy for HACCP, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system.] Isolamento de Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus no processo do abate suíno como subsídio ao sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - APPCC. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(4):185-190. Depto Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: pintopsa@ufv.br This study was done to evaluate the superficial contamination of swine carcasses by Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus, the identification of microbiological hazards in different segments of the processing line, and critical control points (CCPs), through the quantification of risks. A total of 120 surface swabbing carcasses were collected in a slaughterhouse: after the scalding/dehairing (point A), before evisceration (B), after evisceration and splitting (C), and after 24 hours of refrigeration (D). Salmonella sp and S. aureus were isolated from 14 (11.7%) carcasses. No statistical difference between the points studied was observed. The number of S. aureus isolated was between 1.2 and 1.5 log UFC/cm2. It was concluded that the risks observed were the same for both microorganisms.

Abstract in English:

Faccini J.L.H., Santos A.C.G. & Bechara G.H. 2004. [Bovine demodicosis in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil.] Demodicose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):149-152. Depto Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: faccini@ufrrj.br Cases of bovine demodicosis caused by Demodex bovis were reported in a Sindhi herd from December 1989 to January 1992. Both localized and generalized forms were diagnosed. This is the first report of the generalized form in Brazil. In the first two years, demodicosis was diagnosed only in cattle < 2 years old, whereas animals of all ages were positive in the last two years. Prevalence varied from 20.4% (11/54) to 53.1% (26/49) and 13.2% (12/91) to 14.8% (9/61) for cattle < 2 years old and > 2 years old, respectively. Clinical signs varied from a few small nodules to a thickened skin with soft large nodules in the localized and generalized forms, respectively. Main microscopic features of the nodules in the generalized form consisted of acanthosis with hyperqueratosis, chronic sebaceous adenitis, subcutaneous muscular necrosis, focal cellular degeneration of the epidermis basal layer and presence of large number of mites inside the lumen of dilated hair follicles. In addition, a chronic perifoliculitis was observed, characterized by lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate which also contained macrophages and neutrophils. It is suggested that poor nutrition and stress due to prolonged drought probably contributed to the increase of susceptibility of the herd to mite infestation.

• Demodex bovis demodicosis cattle pathology Brazil.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Faccini J.L.H., Santos A.C.G. & Bechara G.H. 2004. [Bovine demodicosis in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil.] Demodicose bovina no Estado da Paraíba. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):149-152. Depto Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: faccini@ufrrj.br Cases of bovine demodicosis caused by Demodex bovis were reported in a Sindhi herd from December 1989 to January 1992. Both localized and generalized forms were diagnosed. This is the first report of the generalized form in Brazil. In the first two years, demodicosis was diagnosed only in cattle < 2 years old, whereas animals of all ages were positive in the last two years. Prevalence varied from 20.4% (11/54) to 53.1% (26/49) and 13.2% (12/91) to 14.8% (9/61) for cattle < 2 years old and > 2 years old, respectively. Clinical signs varied from a few small nodules to a thickened skin with soft large nodules in the localized and generalized forms, respectively. Main microscopic features of the nodules in the generalized form consisted of acanthosis with hyperqueratosis, chronic sebaceous adenitis, subcutaneous muscular necrosis, focal cellular degeneration of the epidermis basal layer and presence of large number of mites inside the lumen of dilated hair follicles. In addition, a chronic perifoliculitis was observed, characterized by lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate which also contained macrophages and neutrophils. It is suggested that poor nutrition and stress due to prolonged drought probably contributed to the increase of susceptibility of the herd to mite infestation.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos D.M.S., Berchieri Jr A., Fernandes S.A., Tavechio A.T. & Amaral LA. 2000. [Salmonella in broiler frozen carcasses.] Salmonella em carcaças de frango congeladas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(1):39-42. Depto Patologia Veterinária, Fac. Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. Hundred and fifty frozen broiler carcasses of four commercial brands, purchased at retail stores for Salmonella research, were examined: 43 of the carcasses referred to each of the brands A, B, D and 21 of brand C. Thirty-two percent of the samples were found positive; 11 serotypes were identified as S. Agona, S. Anatum, S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Montevideo, S. Ouakam, S. Poona, S. Schwarzengrund and S.14, 5, 12:-. Antibiogram testing of the isolated strains showed 100% resistance to ampicilin, 75.0% to cefhalotin, 52.1 % to cephoxitin, 22.9% to tobramicin, 6.2% to polimixin B and to tetracyclines, 4.2% to gentamicin, and 2.1% to netilmicin, to aztreonam and to amicacin. All strains showed total sensibility to chloramphenicol and to sulfazotrim.

• Salmonella retail serotypes broiler frozen carcasses antibiograma varejo sorotipos frango congelado carcaças antibiograma.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Santos D.M.S., Berchieri Jr A., Fernandes S.A., Tavechio A.T. & Amaral LA. 2000. [Salmonella in broiler frozen carcasses.] Salmonella em carcaças de frango congeladas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 20(1):39-42. Depto Patologia Veterinária, Fac. Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14870-000, Brazil. Um total de 150 carcaças de frango congeladas, de quatro marcas comerciais, foram analisadas para pesquisa de Salmonella. Foram examinadas 43 carcaças de cada uma das marcas A, B, D e 21 da marca C. Observou-se um percentual de 32,0% de contaminação. Foram identificados 11 sorotipos: S. Agona, S. Anatum, S. Enteritidis, S. Hadar, S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Montevideo, S. Ouakam, S. Poona, S. Schwarzengrund e S. I 4, 5, 12: -. O antibiograma das cepas mostrou 100% de resistência à ampicilina, 75,0% à cefalotina, 52, 1 % à cefoxitina, 22,9% à tobramicina, 6,2% à polimixina B e à tetraciclina, 4,2% à gentamicina e 2,1% à netilmicina, ao aztreonam e à amicacina. Todas as cepas apresentaram sensibilidade total ao cloranfenicol e ao sulfazotrim.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mascaro U.C.P., Rodrigues L.A., Bastos J.K., Santos E. & Costa J.P.C. 1998. [LD50 in fish and rat produced by powdered roots of Derris spp and ecotoxicological implications.] Valores de DL50 em peixes e no rato tratados com pó de raízes de Derris spp e suas implicações ecotoxicológicas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):53-56. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Via do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. True &quot;timbós&quot; from the Brazilian Amazon region, plants belonging to the genus Derris of the Leguminosae family, have there considerable importance, because they contain rotenoids which are toxic to fish and mammals. The aim of the study was to establish the lethal doses (LD50) for three phylogenetical different species of fish and also for the rat. The lethal dose for Collosoma macropomum (tambaqui) was 2.6 mg/ml, for Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia) 4.8 mg/ml, for Plecostomus sp (cascudo) 14.2 mg/ml and for Rattus norvegicus 100 mg/kg. The large differences between the lethal doses for the fish and the one for the rat are possibly due to different barrier tissues against the action of rotenoids in the mammal when given orally.

• Derris spp "timbó" roots toxicology fish rat raízes peixe rato.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Mascaro U.C.P., Rodrigues L.A., Bastos J.K., Santos E. & Costa J.P.C. 1998. [LD50 in fish and rat produced by powdered roots of Derris spp and ecotoxicological implications.] Valores de DL50 em peixes e no rato tratados com pó de raízes de Derris spp e suas implicações ecotoxicológicas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 18(2):53-56. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Via do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. Os &quot;timbós verdadeiros&quot; (plantas do gênero Derris), originários da Amazônia Brasileira, tem demonstrado importância crescente por produzirem uma classe de compostos flavonoídicos relacionados à rotenona, que possuem atividade tóxica para peixes e mamíferos. Neste estudo foi determinado a dose letal 50% (DL50) do extrato alcoólico do pó de Derris spp para três espécies de peixes filogeneticamente diferentes e um mamífero roedor (rato). As DL50 de 2,6 microgramas/ml para Collosoma macropomum (tambaqui), 4,8 microgramas/mi para Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia), 14,2 microgramas/ml para Plecostomus sp (cascudo) e DL50 de 100,0 mg/kg para Rattus norvegicus (rato) denotam acentuadas diferenças entre os valores de DL50, principalmente entre os peixes e o rato. Isto possivelmente é devido a fatores farmacocinéticos que se relacionam com as diferentes barreiras teciduais encontradas pelos rotenóides quando administrados pela via oral em mamíferos.

Abstract in English:

Grazing behaviour, ponderal growth and level of parasitic infestation were studied in Suffolk breed sheep, from 1994 to 1995, in Nova Odessa, São Paulo. Two management systems were compared: restricted grazing, where the animals were released to the pastures at 9:50am and confined at 5:30pm, and 24 hour grazing, where the animals were maintained all the time in the paddocks, but with access to shelters. Thirty-four adult ewes were used in the summer period (17 under restricted grazing and 17 full-time grazing), and 42 ewes in the winter period (21 with restricted grazing and 21 full-time grazing). Also, for both seasons, 12 traceranimals, six in each grazing system, were used to obtain worm counts from their digestive tracts. For three consecutive days, grazing behaviour, that is, whether grazing or not, was observed in January/February (summer) and July/August (winter) at 30 minute intervals from 7:00am to 5:30pm, also whether the animals stayed in the sun or shade, irrespective of whether they were grazing or not. The level of parasitic infestation was evaluated under each system by eggs per gram countings (EPG) of the herd and the traceranimals, as well as by larvae count. It was concluded that restriction of grazing time by itself does not provide any effective control of parasitic infestation in sheep, however a better control was obtained in the summer period. Restricted grazing time was compensated by the greater activity of the animals during the hotter hours of the day, however, this behaviour affected the animal performance, resulting in lower weight gains. Greater forage availability in relation to estimated consumption may explain the similarity between the grazing times observed in both management systems, either in the summer or in the winter.

• Sheep Suffolk grazing behaviour management parasitic infestation

Abstract in Portuguese:

Foi estudado o comportamento em pastejo, o desempenho ponderal e o nível de infestação parasitária em ovelhas da raça Suffolk, no período de 1994 a 1995, em Nova Odessa, SP. Comparou-se dois sistemas de manejo: pastejo restrito, onde os animais foram soltos às 9:50h e presos às 17:30h e pastejo em período integral, no qual os animais não eram recolhidos, tendo a disposição abrigo para passarem a noite. Foram utilizadas 34 fêmeas adultas no verão (17 em pastejo livre e 17 em pastejo restrito) e 42 fêmeas adultas no inverno (21 em pastejo livre e 21 em pastejo restrito). Trabalhou-se ainda com 12 animais traçadores em cada estação do ano, sendo metade em cada sistema de manejo visando a contagem de nematódeos no trato digestivo dos animais. Durante 3 dias consecutivos nos meses de janeiro/fevereiro (verão) e julho/agosto (inverno) estudou-se, através da observação dos animais, a cada 30 minutos entre as 7:00 e 17:30h, o hábito de pastejo (pastando ou não; na sombra ou no sol). Acompanhou-se o nível de infestação parasitária dos animais em cada sistema, pela contagem do OPG do rebanho e dos traçadores e nematódeos recuperados nos traçadores. Concluiu-se que a restrição do horário de pastejo isoladamente não propiciou um controle efetivo da infestação parasitária nos animais mostrando. A restrição do tempo de pastejo é compensada pela maior atividade dos animais nas horas mais quentes do dia, todavia este comportamento afetou o desempenho, resultando em menor ganho de peso. A maior disponibilidade de forragem, em relação ao consumo estimado, pode explicar a similaridade entre os tempos de pastejo verificados nos dois sistemas de manejo, tanto no verão como no inverno.

• Ovinos Suffolk hábito de pastejo sistema de manejo infestação parasitária

Abstract in English:

The present paper describes the subcutaneous inoculation of goats with botulinum toxin type C to determine the doses required to cause various clinical signs, and to evaluate the bioassay as a means of laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of botulism. Serial double dilutions in doses ranging from 15.6 to 500 DL50/kg were administered to 6 goats. The animals were checked daily to observe development of characteristic signs. Blood and liver samples were collected to detect the toxin by bioassay in mice. Doses of 500 and 250 DL50/kg induced acute botulism, death occurring between 42 and 46 hours post-inoculation, but the toxin was only detected in serum samples taken from the goat which received the larger dose. Animals inoculated with doses of 125, 62.5 and 31.3 DL50/kg developed the sub-acute forro, but the toxin could not be detected in their blood serum. The chronic forro of botulism was observed in those which received 15.6 DL50/kg doses and the toxin could not be demonstrated either in their serum samples. The results confinn that goats are highly susceptible to botulinum type C toxin and that these animals develop the sarne clinical signs as seen in bovines.

• Experimental botulism goats botulinum type C toxin clinical signs bioasaay in mice

Abstract in Portuguese:

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi reproduzir o botulismo em caprinos, induzido pela toxina tipo C e determinar as doses para desenvolver as diferentes formas clínicas, bem como para avaliar a eficácia do bioensaio em camundongos. Foram utilizados 6 caprinos, inoculados por via subcutânea com a toxina tipo C, em doses de 500 a 15,6 DL50/kg de peso vivo, em diluições duplas seriadas. Os animais foram observados quanto ao desenvolvimento de sintomatologia característica de botulismo e amostras de soro sanguíneo e fígado foram coletadas para pesquisa da toxina pelo bioensaio em camundongos. As doses de 500 e 250 DL50/kg induziram quadro agudo de botulismo evoluindo para a morte entre 42 e 46 horas pós-inoculação. A toxina foi detectada somente no soro do animal que recebeu a dose de 500 DL50/kg. Os animais que receberam as doses de 125, 62,5 e 31,3 DL50/kg desenvolveram quadro subagudo da doença, não sendo detectado a toxina nas amostras analisadas. Observou-se quadro crônico de botulismo no animal inoculado com a dose de 15,6 DL50/kg, não se constatando a presença da toxina no soro. Os resultados confirmaram a alta susceptibilidade dos caprinos à toxina botulínica tipo C, que apresentaram quadros clínicos semelhantes aos observados em bovinos.

• Botulismo experimental caprinos toxina botulínica tipo C formas clínicas diagnóstico laboratorial pelo bioensaio

Abstract in English:

Sisyrinchium platense collected in January, June, August and November was given experimentally to cattle and sheep. For cattle the plant was most toxic in November (spring), when in tlower, causing severe haemorragic diarrhea at doses of 22.6 and 29.9 g of the green plant per kg of body weight. During the other seasons S. platense caused discrete to moderate diarrhea at doses from 20 to 40 g per kg of body weight. S. platense was non toxic for sheep at doses up to 60 g of the green plant per kg of body weight. These results suggest that S. platense, which is occasionally consumed by animais transported from areas where the plant does not grow, is responsible for some outbreaks of diarrhea observed in cattle immediately after transportation.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning diarrhea Sisyrinchium platense Iridaceae cattle sheep

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de determinar a toxicidade de Sysyrinchium platense ("alho-macho") e estudar alguns aspectos epidémiológicos relacionados à diferença de. toxicidade nas diferentes estações do ano, a planta foi administrada experimentalmente a bovinos e ovinos. As amostras· foram coibidas nos meses de janeiro, junho, agosto e novembro e administradas por via bucal aos animais experimentais. Para bovinos-, a planta foi mais tóxic na primavera. em floração, observando-se severa diarréia hemorrágica em doses que variaram entre 22,6 e 29,9 g de planta verde por kg de peso vivo. Nas outras épocas do ano, S. platense causou diarréia discreta ou moderada em doses entre 20 e 40 g/kg. Para os ovinos a planta não foi tóxica em doses de até 60 g/kg. Esses resultados e o fato de que a planta é consumida somente por animais transportados, procedentes de áreas onde não ocorre S. platense, evidenciam que a mesma seja responsável por alguns surtos de diarréia em bovinos que ocorrem na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul.

• Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta diarréia Sisyrinchium platense- Iridaceae bovinos ovinos

Abstract in English:

The etiology of actinomycotic-like lesions from 254 lymph nodes of cattle from southern Brazil was determined by histochemistry. The diagnosis of these lesions in hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) preparations was based upon the pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction with centrally located sulphur grains. The lesions stained by the MacCallum-Goodpasture technique showed 60.36% Gram-positive coccoid bacteria (Staphylococcus), 36.62% Gram-negative cocco-bacillus (Actinobacillus lignieresz) and 2.72% Gram-positive filamentous branching elements (Actinomyces bovis). Fite-Faraco stain demonstrated the acid-fast properties and Gomori stain, the morphological features to distinguish between Actinomyces bovis .and Nocardia sp. Gram-positive cocei were diagnosed as botryomycosis which occurred predominantly in prescapular, parotid and femoral lymph nodes. The presence of Gram-negative coccobacillary elements indicated Actinóbacillus sp., whereas the finding of Gram-positive filamentous branching elements indicated Actinomyces sp. These latter two were more frequently found in retropharyngeal and sublingual lymph nodes. Small differences in the morphology of the bacterial colonies may help to establish the etiological diagnosis in H-E preparations. The Gram method, however, allows an accurate distinction between Actinobacillus lignieresi and Actinomyces bovis in cases where fresh material for bacteriological isolation is no longer available. Of 467 other cases originally diagnosed as tuberculosis in gross inspection at the slaughter house, 10.23% were histologically confirmed as actinomycotic-like granulomas. This certainly causes economic losses due to the condemnation of carcasses.

• Actinomycotic-like granuloma botriomycosis actinobacillosis actinomycosis granulomatous lymphadenitis histochemistry cattle pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

Foi determinada a etiologia dos "granulomas actinomicóides" através da histoquímica em 254 materiais de linfonodos de bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul. O diagnóstico de granuloma actinomicóide foi baseado na inflamação piogranulomatosa, contendo, na porção central, os grânulos de enxofre, observados na coloração pela hematoxilina e eosina (H-E). Ao material com essa lesão foi aplicada a técnica de MacCallum-Ooodpasture que evidenciou uma incidência de 60,36% de bactérias cocoides Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus), 36,62% de coco-bacilos Gram-negativos (Actinobacillus lignieresz) e de 2,72% de elementos filamentosos, ramificados, Gram-positivos (Actinomyces bovis) como constituintes do grão de enxofre. Nos casos de actinomicose aplicaram-se as técnicas de Fite-Faraco e Prata de Gomori para a diferenciação entre Actinomyces bovis e Nocardia sp. Os casos de botriomicose foram vistos principalmente nos linfonodos pré-escapulares, parotídeos e femurais; os de actinobacilose e actinomicose nos retrofaringes e sublinguais. Pequenas diferenças do aspecto das colônias podem auxiliar no diagnóstico etiológico nas preparações coradas pela H-E, mas o emprego das técnicas de Gram permite a diferenciação entre Actinobacillus lignieresi e Actinomyces bovis quando não se dispõe de culturas. Adicionalmente observou-se pelo estudo histológico de outros 467 casos, que 10,23% deles foram diagnosticados como granuloma actinomicóide, porém interpretados macroscopicamente, na inspeção, como tuberculose o que certamente leva a prejuízos econômicos pela condenação das carcaças.

• Granuloma actinomicótico botriomicose actinobacilose actinomicose linfadenite granulomatosa histoquímica bovinos patologia