Resultado da pesquisa (361)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa MAC
#11 - Immunostimulation of bronchoalveolar response in calves vaccinated against bovine respiratory disease
Abstract in English:
Although intranasal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccines containing live attenuated virus elicit greater stimulation of local humoral immunity response, they can mimic a viral infection, responsible for reducing innate defense during the establishment of vaccine-induced immunity. Probiotics containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Enterococcus faecium reduced the occurrence of BRD in neonatal calves challenged with the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Furthermore, the probiotics potentiated the humoral immune response after vaccination in murine models, raising the question of whether they could have the same effect in calves. This study aimed to verify if the probiotic containing E. faecium and S. cerevisiae attenuates the inflammation caused by the vaccine against BRD in the respiratory tract region in calves. Twenty-four healthy Jersey calves, aged 6 to 7 months old, were divided into the groups: control (C), supplemented (S), vaccinated (V), and supplemented and vaccinated (SV), with six animals in each of them. Supplemented groups (S and SV) received S. cerevisiae and E. faecium once a day on D-15 for 51 days (Probios precise®, Ouro Fino®, 2g/day/animal). Vaccinated groups (V and SV) received a single dose of an intranasal BRD vaccine on day 0 (Inforce®, Zoetis®, 1ml/ nostril). The control group was not supplemented or vaccined. Irritation of the respiratory tract and bronchoalveolar (BA) evaluations: cytology, phagocyte function, and IgA were measured on D-15, D3, D7, and D21. The vaccinated groups showed greater irritation of the nasopharynx and trachea. However, only Group V showed a reduction in BA phagocyte function and an increase in cellularity by a neutrophil influx in the BA region. Regarding IgA BA, SV showed the greatest increase, followed by S and V, concerning C. We conclude that isolated supplementation with E. faecium and S. cerevisiae promoted increased production of BA IgA. In association with the vaccine, the supplementation attenuated the inflammation of the respiratory tract produced by the vaccine itself, avoiding the reduction of phagocyte function BA, besides potentiating the humoral immune response of the vaccine containing live attenuated virus against BRD.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Embora vacinas intranasais contra complexo respiratório bovino (CRB) contendo vírus vivo atenuado provoquem maior estimulação de reposta humoral local, elas podem mimetizar uma infecção viral responsável por reduzir a defesa imune inata durante o estabelecimento da imunidade vacinal. Probióticos contendo Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Enterococcus faecium reduziram a ocorrência de CRB em bezerras neonatas desafiados com vírus respiratório sincicial bovino e potencializaram a resposta humoral após a vacinação em modelos murino, gerando-se a dúvida se poderiam ter o mesmo efeito em bezerros. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar se o probiótico contendo E. faecium e S. cerevisiae atenua a inflamação causada pela vacina na região do trato respiratório de bezerras. Vinte e quatro bezerras da raça Jersey, sadias com idade entre 6 a 7 meses de idade foram divididas nos grupos: controle (C), suplementado (S), vacinado (V) e suplementado e vacinado (SV), com seis animais em cada. Os grupos suplementados (S e SV) receberam S. cerevisiae e E. faecium uma vez ao dia, no dia D-15, durante 51 dias (Probios precise®, Ouro Fino®, 2g/dia/animal). Os grupos vacinados (V e SV) receberam a vacina intranasal contra CRB em dose única no dia 0 (Inforce®, Zoetis®, 1ml/ narina). Mensurou-se a irritação do trato respiratório e os parâmetros broncoalveolares (BA): citologia, função de fagócitos e IgA, nos dias D-15, D3, D7 e D21. Os grupos vacinados apresentaram maior irritação da nasofaringe e traqueia, porém apenas o V apresentou redução da função dos fagócitos BA e aumento da celularidade por influxo neutrofílico. Em relação a IgA BA, o SV apresentou o maior aumento, seguido do S e do V, em relação ao C. Conclui-se que a suplementação com E. faecium e S. cerevisiae isolada promoveu aumento de produção de IgA BA. Em associação com a vacina, atenuou a inflamação do trato respiratório produzida pela mesma, evitando a redução da função de fagócitos BA, além de potencializar a resposta humoral da vacina contendo vírus vivo atenuado contra o CRB.
#12 - Feline application/inflammation-associated sarcoma: Gross aspects and histomorphological
Abstract in English:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
#13 - Investigation of enterobacteria with zoonotic and multi-resistant potential in exotic parrots kept in a domestic environment
Abstract in English:
This investigation elucidated the presence of potentially zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in domestically reared psittacines. The present study was sanctioned by the Animal Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará (CEUA-UECE) and bears registration number 03423745/2023. A total of 111 cloacal swab samples were procured from exotic psittacines encompassing six distinct species: the Australian budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), lovebirds (Agapornis sp.), rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), red-rumped parrots (Psephotus haematonotus), and rosellas (Platycercus eximius). The process encompassed the isolation and characterization of enterobacteria and ascertaining their resistance profiles. Among the collected specimens, 70.2% (78/111) yielded growth indicative of one or more enterobacterial agents. The collective isolates comprised 110 strains encompassing 13 distinct bacterial species. Foremost among these was Escherichia coli, accounting for a significant percentage of the total isolates at 30% (33/110), followed by Pantoea agglomerans at 27.2% (30/110). The study revealed that 35.4% (39/110) of the isolates exhibited resistance to tobramycin, with tetracycline and fosfomycin showing resistance rates of 34.5% (38/110) and 30.9% (34/110), respectively. Particularly noteworthy was that E. coli showed a heightened propensity for tetracycline resistance at 51.5% (17/33), while resistance rates to tobramycin and gentamicin were 36.6% (12/33) and 15.1% (5/33), respectively. A noteworthy subset of the enterobacterial cohort exhibited multidrug resistance patterns (28.9%, 32/110). Collectively, these outcomes underscore not only an elevated prevalence of enterobacterial strains but also the pervasive phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance across a diverse spectrum of antimicrobial agents.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo investigou a presença de bactérias potencialmente zoonóticas e resistentes a antimicrobianos em psitacídeos criados em ambiente doméstico. Esse projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (CEUA-UECE), registrado sob o número 03423745/2023. Foram coletadas 111 amostras de suabes cloacais de psitacídeos exóticos de seis espécies, incluindo, periquitos-australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus), calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus), agapornis (Agapornis sp.), periquitos-de-colar (Psittacula krameri), periquitos-dorso-vermelho (Psephotus haematonotus) e roselas (Platycercus eximius). Foi realizado o isolamento e a identificação de enterobactérias e determinado o perfil de resistência. Das amostras coletadas, 70,2% (78/111) apresentaram crescimento para uma ou mais enterobactérias. Foram isoladas 110 cepas pertencentes a 13 espécies bacterianas. Escherichia coli apresentou o maior índice de isolamento, com 30% (33/110). Em segundo lugar Pantoea agglomerans, com um percentual de isolamento de 27,2% (30/110). Observou-se que 35,4% (39/110) das enterobactérias apresentaram resistência à tobramicina, seguidas da tetraciclina com 34,5% (38/110) e da fosfomicina com 30,9% (34/110). E. coli apresentou maior taxa de resistência a tetraciclina com 51,5% (17/33), seguida de 36,6% (12/33) para tobramicina e 15,1% (5/33) para gentamicina. Das enterobactérias analisadas 28,9% (32/110), apresentaram multirresistência. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência de enterobactérias, a resistência antimicrobiana foi constatada em diversas classes de antimicrobianos.
#14 - Infrared thermography used to detect local adverse reactions induced by reproductive vaccine adjuvants in Holstein heifers
Abstract in English:
Local adverse reactions following vaccination, often tied to the adjuvant type, can lead to pain, fever, reduced intake, and weight loss. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive human and veterinary medicine technique, can assess local inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate such reactions induced by reproductive vaccines with different adjuvants, using IRT alongside cardinal signs, rectal temperature, and haptoglobin concentration. Thirty-five Holstein heifers were grouped by vaccine type: Ah (aluminum hydroxide), Ow (oil-in-water), QAD (amphigen and quil A cholesterol and dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide adjuvant), and a Control (saline solution). Assessments were made at 0, 6, 24-, 48-, 72-, and 168 hours post-vaccination for both doses, with an interval of 21 days. The local reactions were evaluated using the inflammatory cardinal signs and surface temperature measurement using IRT. The systemic reactions were identified by rectal temperature and the concentration of haptoglobin. A larger proportion of animals exhibiting local reactions based on scores assigned to the cardinal signs was found in the Vaccine QAD group, as well as the rectal temperature and the frequency of heifers with inflammation (Hp ≥2mg/dL). Nevertheless, Vaccine Ow demonstrated higher temperature at the site after the first vaccination dose for the IRT. Therefore, this approach is a valuable tool in classifying responses and local inflammation following vaccination in heifers with reproductive vaccines. Concurrently evaluating systemic manifestations, facilitates the surveillance of adverse reactions, thereby improving the discernment of the extent of systemic and local effects.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Reações adversas locais após a vacinação, frequentemente associadas ao tipo de adjuvante, podem levar a dor, febre, redução na ingestão e perda de peso. A termografia infravermelha (IRT), uma técnica não invasiva utilizada na medicina humana e veterinária, oferece um meio de avaliar a inflamação local. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar tais reações induzidas por vacinas reprodutivas com diferentes adjuvantes, utilizando IRT junto com sinais cardinais, temperatura retal e concentração de haptoglobina. Trinta e cinco novilhas Holandesas foram agrupadas por tipo de vacina: Ah (hidróxido de alumínio), Ow (óleo em água), QAD (anfígeno e adjuvante de quil A colesterol e brometo de amônio dimetil-dioctadecil) e Controle (solução salina). As avaliações foram realizadas às 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 e 168 horas pós-vacinação para ambas as doses, com um intervalo de 21 dias. As reações locais foram avaliadas pelos sinais cardinais inflamatórios e pela aferição da temperatura superficial usando IRT. As reações sistêmicas foram identificadas pela temperatura retal e pela concentração de haptoglobina (Hp). Uma proporção maior de animais exibindo reações locais com base nos escores atribuídos aos sinais cardinais foi encontrada no grupo Vacina QAD, assim como na temperatura retal e na frequência de novilhas com inflamação (Hp ≥2mg/dL). No entanto, para a IRT, a Vacina Ow demonstrou temperatura mais elevada no local após a primeira dose de vacinação. Portanto, essa abordagem é uma ferramenta valiosa para classificar as respostas e a inflamação local após a vacinação em novilhas com vacinas reprodutivas. Avaliar simultaneamente as manifestações sistêmicas facilita a vigilância das reações adversas, melhorando assim o discernimento da extensão dos efeitos tanto sistêmicos quanto locais.
#15 - Antimicrobial multiresistance and biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler production chain
Abstract in English:
Poultry and poultry products are considered the predominant sources of Salmonella enterica contamination and are important reservoirs of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to identify Salmonella with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, with the ability to form biofilms and elucidate the presence of genes that encode antimicrobial resistance in isolates from the broiler production chain in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 121 strains of S. enterica of different serovars were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, and of these, 26 strains were used to detect the ability to form biofilms and identify resistance genes using PCR. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 95 (78.5%) Salmonella isolates, and 57 (47.1%) showed MDR phenotype. The isolates showed greater resistance to the sulfonamide principles (58.7%), trimethoprim (48.8%), tetracycline (45.4%), nalidixic acid (44.6%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (26.4%), and cefazolin (22.3%). Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n=21/61.7%), Albany (n=15/62.5%), and Enteritidis (n=4/44.5%) showed the highest indices of MDR phenotype. The ability to form biofilms at 37°C was found in 13 of the 26 strains evaluated, which were considered poor producers. The resistance genes blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M2, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, dfrA12, and dfrA1 were observed in the serovars Schwarzengrund, Albany, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Typhimurium. The results showed a high occurrence of S. enterica, with multiple resistance to conventional antimicrobials and the ability to form biofilms in the poultry production chain.
Abstract in Portuguese:
As aves e os produtos de origem aviária são fontes de contaminação predominantes de Salmonella enterica e importantes reservatórios de bactérias com resistência antimicrobiana. Objetivou-se identificar Salmonella com fenótipos de multirresistência a drogas (MDR), com a capacidade de formação de biofilmes e a presença de genes que codificam resistência antimicrobiana em isolados da cadeia de frangos de corte, do estado Maranhão, Brasil. Avaliaram-se 121 cepas de S. enterica de sorovares diferentes quanto ao teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos e destas, 26 cepas para detecção da capacidade de formar biofilmes e genes de resistência pela técnica de PCR. Foram encontradas resistência antimicrobiana em 95 (78,5%) dos isolados de Salmonella e 57 (47,1%) apresentaram fenótipos MDR. Os isolados apresentaram maior resistência aos princípios sulfonamida (58,7%), trimetoprim (48,8%), tetraciclina (45,4%), ácido nalidíxico (44,6%), amoxicilina e ampicilina (26,4%) e cefazolin (22,3%). Os sorovares Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n=21/61.7%), Albany (n=15/62.5%) e Enteritidis (n=4/44.5%) apresentaram os maiores índices de fenótipos MDR. A capacidade de formar biofilmes foi encontrada em 13 cepas avaliadas, consideradas fracamente produtoras. Nos sorovares S. Schwarzengrund, Albany, Enteritidis, Heidelberg e Typhimurium foram detectados os genes de resistência blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M2, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, dfrA12 e dfrA1. Os resultados evidenciaram a elevada ocorrência de fenótipos de S. enterica com resistência múltipla a antimicrobianos convencionais, com capacidade de formar biofilmes, na cadeia produtiva de aves destinadas ao consumo humano.
#16 - Exploring the mechanism of quercetin treatment of bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease based on network pharmacology and in vitro validation
Abstract in English:
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause acute and persistent infections in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses to the livestock industry each year. Targeted antiviral therapy is an effective strategy. This study was based on network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and in vitro studies to investigate quercetin’s mechanism in treating bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD). The network topology analysis was carried out using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to construct the network of “Chinese medicine ingredients-target-diseases”. Protein interactions were explored and analyzed using the String system (PPI). GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersected targets was performed using Bioconductor software. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to reveal the degree of binding of quercetin to key target genes. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence were used to characterize the antiviral effects of quercetin. This study utilized network pharmacological analysis, identifying 22 targets associated with BVD-MD. The results of the KEGG pathway showed that quercetin was closely related to Ras and MAPK signaling pathways of BVD-MD. Molecular docking results showed that SRC, NS5B, NOX4 and XDH were the key targets of quercetin in the treatment of BVD-MD. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, quercetin was demonstrated to combat bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease through key targets of SRC, MAPK1, GSK3B, NS5B and E2. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that quercetin exhibited complex stability with NS5B. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for quercetin treatment of BVD-MD and later drug development.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause acute and persistent infections in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses to the livestock industry each year. Targeted antiviral therapy is an effective strategy. This study was based on network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and in vitro studies to investigate quercetin’s mechanism in treating bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD). The network topology analysis was carried out using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to construct the network of “Chinese medicine ingredients-target-diseases”. Protein interactions were explored and analyzed using the String system (PPI). GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersected targets was performed using Bioconductor software. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to reveal the degree of binding of quercetin to key target genes. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence were used to characterize the antiviral effects of quercetin. This study utilized network pharmacological analysis, identifying 22 targets associated with BVD-MD. The results of the KEGG pathway showed that quercetin was closely related to Ras and MAPK signaling pathways of BVD-MD. Molecular docking results showed that SRC, NS5B, NOX4 and XDH were the key targets of quercetin in the treatment of BVD-MD. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, quercetin was demonstrated to combat bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease through key targets of SRC, MAPK1, GSK3B, NS5B and E2. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that quercetin exhibited complex stability with NS5B. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for quercetin treatment of BVD-MD and later drug development.
#17 - Study of meningeal enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with central nervous system diseases
Abstract in English:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in detecting and characterizing meningeal lesions, thus assisting in a possible ante mortem clinical diagnosis of intracranial diseases. Meningeal enhancement has been described as a sign of multiple central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate meningeal enhancement on MRI of the brain of dogs and to associate them with different CNS diseases. A retrospective study of 22 dogs submitted to MRI was carried out, with a history of clinical signs of neurological diseases as an inclusion criterion for selecting these animals for the study. The data were divided according to the age and sex of the animals, and the analysis criteria were regarding the CNS diseases found, location, pattern and definition of meningeal enhancement. The results demonstrate that encephalitis and neoplasia occur more frequently among the diseases observed, with 22.7% of clinical suspicions. The site with the highest incidence was the parietal/temporal/frontal, with a 27.3% prevalence, followed by the frontal, with 18.2%. Regarding the meningeal pattern, it was found that there was 90.9% more enhancement in the pial and dural regions together than when comparing them individually. When evaluating the definition of meningeal enhancement, slight enhancement was most observed (59.1%). The present study made it possible to obtain specific information and better understand the characteristics of meningeal enhancement, including two patterns of meningeal enhancement (pial and dural) and identifying the association of values in different CNS diseases in dogs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A ressonância magnética (RM) tem papel importante na detecção e caracterização das lesões meníngeas, auxiliando um possível diagnóstico clínico ante mortem de doenças intracranianas. O realce meníngeo tem sido descrito como um sinal de múltiplas enfermidades do sistema nervoso central (SNC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o realce meníngeo nas RM do encéfalo de cães e associá-las às diferentes doenças do SNC. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de 22 cães submetidos ao exame de RM, com o histórico de sinais clínicos de doença neurológica como critério de inclusão para seleção destes animais ao estudo. Os dados foram divididos de acordo com a idade e sexo dos animais e os critérios de análise foram, quanto às enfermidades do SNC encontradas, local, padrão e definição do realce da meninge. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que, dentre as doenças observadas, a encefalite e a neoplasia ocorrem com maior frequência, ambas com 22,7% de suspeitas clínicas. O local de maior incidência foi determinado como sendo o parietal/temporal/frontal, com 27,3% de prevalência, seguido do frontal com 18,2%. Com relação ao padrão da meninge, foi verificado que houve 90,9% mais realce na região pial e dural conjuntamente do que ao compará-las individualmente. Já ao avaliar a definição do realce meníngeo, o mais observado foi o realce discreto (59,1%). O presente estudo possibilitou a obtenção de informações específicas e maior compreensão das características do realce meningeal, incluindo dois padrões de realce meníngeo (pial e dural) e a identificação da associação dos valores nas diferentes doenças do SNC em cães.
#18 - AST/ALT ratio: A new approach over old biochemistry tools
Abstract in English:
This study aimed to evaluate the aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio in healthy dogs and dogs with hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. Twelve different groups of animals were considered in the study: Control, patients with Acute hepatopathy, and Chronic hepatopathy and patients with extrahepatic diseases such as Pyometra, Fractures/trauma, Intoxication/poisoning, Leishmaniosis, Hemoparasitosis, Oncologic, Gastrointestinal, Skin problems and Nephropathy. A retrospective study was made with 509 exams. Hematological and serum biochemical results correlated to the ratio at time zero (M0) and 48 hours (M48) after the first care, allowing for the prediction of the outcome. Animals with Acute hepatopathy showed AST/ALT ratios 84% above the upper limit of the ranges obtained from Control animals. Animals with Chronic hepatopathy showed higher averages than acute. Animals from Pyometra, Fractures/trauma, and Intoxication/poisoning groups showed higher averages of the AST/ALT ratio (2.67, 2.54, 2.21) than those from other groups. The correlation between the AST/ALT ratio in serial assessments showed that when animals double the value of the ratio in 48 hours, they tend to have a 2.5 greater probability of dying.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo objetivou avaliar a razão AST/ALT em cães saudáveis e cães apresentando doenças hepáticas e extra-hepáticas. Doze grupos diferentes de animais foram considerados no estudo, como um grupo Controle, pacientes com Hepatopatia aguda e Hepatopatia crônica, e grupos com doenças extra-hepáticas como Piometra, Fraturas/trauma, Intoxicação/envenenamento, Leishmaniose, Hemoparasitose, Oncológico, Gastrointestinal, Afecções de pele e Neuropatia. Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado utilizando 509 exames. Exames hematológicos e bioquímicos foram correlacionados com a razão no tempo zero (M0) e 48 horas (M48) depois do primeiro atendimento, permitindo predizer a consequência. Animais com Hepatopatias agudas apresentaram razão AST/ALT 84% acima do limite inferior das médias observadas nos animais do grupo Controle. Animais com Hepatopatias crônicas apresentaram médias maiores do que Hepatopatias agudas. Animais presentes nos grupos Piometra, Fraturas/trauma e Intoxicação/envenenamento apresentaram as maiores médias da razão AST/ALT (2,67; 2,54; 2,21) quando comparado aos outros grupos. A correlação entre a razão AST/ALT em avaliações seriadas mostraram que, quando o valor da razão dobra em 48 horas, aumenta em 2,5 vezes a probabilidade de morte.
#19 - Real-time PCR quantification and histopathological findings of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in the lungs of pigs slaughtered in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Abstract in English:
Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PES), mainly caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is the main cause of respiratory problems in pigs. Infection by M. hyopneumoniae leads to production losses and the predisposition of affected animals to secondary infections, which may result in the condemnation of carcasses and organs due to lung lesions at the time of slaughter. The objective of the research was to evaluate the infection by M. hyopneumoniae in pigs submitted to slaughter in São Luís Island/MA, using molecular and histopathological diagnostic methods. One hundred fifty lung samples were collected from inspected (n=65) and non-inspected (n=85) slaughter pigs on São Luís Island, Maranhão, from July 2019 to August 2021. Of the 150 DNA samples collected, 121 showed an amplified product for Cyt B in the PCR assay. Thus, 121 samples were submitted to qPCR of M. hyopneumoniae, of which 44 (36.36%) showed positive results. The mean amount of bacterial load ranged from 1.20 × 101 to 7.20 × 104, with a mean of 1.73 × 104 copies. Of the reagent samples, 81.81% (36 samples) were obtained from non-inspected slaughter, while 18.18% (8 samples) were obtained from slaughterhouses. In the histopathological analysis, 44 positive qPCR samples were evaluated, of which 28 (63.63%) presented results compatible with the main inflammatory process associated with the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, that is, bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia (BALT). Three samples that showed the highest bacterial load (qPCR: 5.63 × 10³, 2.19 × 104 and 7.23 × 104) showed more evident lesions in this study. The microscopic findings associated with the quantifications indicated a relationship between the amount of bacterial load and the presence of microscopic lesions; higher bacterial load in lung tissue is associated with increased histopathologic staining for BALT hyperplasia. In conclusion, the results point to the circulation of the etiological agent in the sampled animals and the need for preventive measures on pig farms in Maranhão with the involvement of producers, sanitary defense and inspection agencies.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES), causada principalmente pela bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, é a principal causa de problemas respiratórios em suínos. A infecção por M. hyopneumoniae leva a perdas produtivas e a predisposição dos animais acometidos a infecções secundárias, o que pode resultar em condenação de carcaças e órgãos por lesões pulmonares no momento do abate. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a infecção por M. hyopneumoniae em suínos submetidos ao abate na Ilha de São Luís, por meio de métodos diagnósticos moleculares e histopatológicos. Para isso, foram coletadas 150 amostras de pulmão de suínos de abate inspecionado (n=65) e não inspecionado (n=85) na Ilha de São Luís/Maranhão, no período de julho de 2019 a agosto de 2021. Das 150 amostras de DNA coletadas, 121 apresentaram produto amplificado para Cyt B no ensaio de PCR. Assim, 121 amostras foram submetidas à qPCR de M. hyopneumoniae, das quais 44 (36,36%) apresentaram resultados positivos. A quantidade média de carga bacteriana variou de 1,20 × 101 a 7,20 × 104, com média de 1,73 × 104 cópias. Das amostras reagentes, 81,81% (36 amostras) foram obtidas de abate não inspecionado, enquanto 18,18% (8 amostras) foram obtidas em abatedouro. Na análise histopatológica, foram avaliadas 44 amostras positivas para qPCR, das quais 28 (63,63%) apresentaram resultados compatíveis com o principal processo inflamatório associado à presença de M. hyopneumoniae, ou seja, hiperplasia do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio (BALT). Três amostras que apresentaram maior carga bacteriana (qPCR: 5,63 × 10³, 2,19 × 104 e 7,23 × 104) foram mais evidentes neste estudo. Os achados microscópicos associados às quantificações indicaram uma relação entre a quantidade de carga bacteriana e a presença de lesão microscópica; a maior carga bacteriana no tecido pulmonar está associada a maior alteração histopatológica para hiperplasia BALT. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sinalizam para a circulação do agente etiológico nos animais amostrados e a necessidade de medidas preventivas nas criações de suínos do estado do Maranhão com envolvimento dos produtores, órgãos de defesa sanitária e inspeção.
#20 - Fatal traumatic injuries in free-living wild Passeriformes and Psittaciformes birds in Central Brazil, 2006-2018
Abstract in English:
Traumatic injuries are a significant cause of death for birds worldwide, as they are at an increased risk of collisions and other injuries due to man-made environments. This study examined the frequency and morphological characteristics of fatal traumatic injuries in endemic and migratory Passeriformes and Psittaciformes from the Cerrado Biome, a biodiverse but threatened area in Brazil. Results showed that fatal traumatic injuries were found in 21.8% of birds (285/1305), mainly in spring and summer, during the birds’ reproductive period. The yellow-chevroned parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri) and Passeriformes from the Thraupidae family were the most affected. Nearly 70% of the fatal injuries observed were to the thoracic, pelvic limbs, and skull, and types of fractures and affected bones were thoroughly evaluated. Blunt traumas were one of the most frequent causes of injuries. Injuries affecting the appendicular skeleton and head represented significant causes of traumatic death for Passeriformes and Psittaciformes. The frequency of these fatal injuries has been increasing in recent years, which may be related to the remarkable environmental changes in the Cerrado Biome and jeopardize the survival of many bird species.
Abstract in Portuguese:
As lesões traumáticas são uma causa significativa de morte nas aves em todo o mundo, pois apresentam um risco maior de colisões e outras lesões devido aos ambientes degradados e criados pelo homem. Este estudo examinou a frequência e as características morfológicas das lesões traumáticas fatais em Passeriformes e Psittaciformes endêmicos e migratórios do Bioma Cerrado, uma área com rica biodiversidade, mas ameaçada no Brasil. Os resultados demostraram que as lesões traumáticas fatais foram observadas em 21,8% das aves (285/1305), principalmente na primavera e verão, durante a época reprodutiva das aves. O periquito-do-encontro-amarelo (Brotogeris chiriri) e Passeriformes da família Thraupidae foram as aves mais frequentemente acometidas. Por volta de 70% das lesões fatais observadas foram nos membros torácicos e pélvicos, e crânio, e os tipos de fraturas e ossos afetados foram minuciosamente avaliados. Os traumas contudentes foram as principais causas das lesões. As injúrias que afetaram o esqueleto apendicular e a cabeça representaram as mais importantes causas de morte traumática para Passeriformes e Psittaciformes. A frequência dessas lesões fatais vem aumentando nos últimos anos, o que pode estar relacionado às mudanças ambientais marcantes no Bioma Cerrado e colocar em risco a sobrevivência de muitas espécies de aves.
