PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ramírez-Duarte W.F., Rondón-Barragán I.S. & Eslava-Mocha P.R. 2008. Acute toxicity and histopathological alterations of Roundup® herbicide on “cachama blanca” (Piaractus brachypomus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):547-554. Insti-tuto de Acuicultura, Universidad de los Llanos, Apartado Aéreo 110, Km 4 vía Puerto López, vereda Barcelona, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. E-mail: wramirezduarte@yahoo.com.mx Acute toxicity of the glyphosate -N (phosphonomethyl) glycine- herbicide, Roundup®, in juveniles of cachama blanca, (Piaractus brachypomus), was evaluated and the histo-pathological lesions were assessed. The 96 h lethal concentration 50 was 97.47mg.L-1 (P<0.05). In the gill, necrotic and proliferative lesions were detected. In the liver, congestion, degenerative foci, hyaline droplets and lipidic vacuolization of the hepatocytes were observed. In the stomach mild hyperplasia of mucous cells was detected, which was also observed in the skin. In this latter tissue, a large increase in the thickness of the epidermis with necrotic lesions, infiltration of leukocytes and melanin pigment were observed. In the brain, degenerative foci of neuronal bodies in the telencephalon associated with gliosis and infiltration of eosinophilic granule cells/mast cells were shown. In conclusion, gills, liver, skin and brain are susceptible to Roundup®. Moreover, effects on the central nervous system could affect olfaction as well as individual and group behavior, the reproductive performance of the fish and hence have repercussions at the population level.

• Roundup® glyphosate acute toxicity histopathology Piaractus brachypomus

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ramírez-Duarte W.F., Rondón-Barragán I.S. & Eslava-Mocha P.R. 2008. Acute toxicity and histopathological alterations of Roundup® herbicide on “cachama blanca” (Piaractus brachypomus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):547-554. Insti-tuto de Acuicultura, Universidad de los Llanos, Apartado Aéreo 110, Km 4 vía Puerto López, vereda Barcelona, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. E-mail: wramirezduarte@yahoo.com.mx Acute toxicity of the glyphosate -N (phosphonomethyl) glycine- herbicide, Roundup®, in juveniles of cachama blanca, (Piaractus brachypomus), was evaluated and the histo-pathological lesions were assessed. The 96 h lethal concentration 50 was 97.47mg.L-1 (P<0.05). In the gill, necrotic and proliferative lesions were detected. In the liver, congestion, degenerative foci, hyaline droplets and lipidic vacuolization of the hepatocytes were observed. In the stomach mild hyperplasia of mucous cells was detected, which was also observed in the skin. In this latter tissue, a large increase in the thickness of the epidermis with necrotic lesions, infiltration of leukocytes and melanin pigment were observed. In the brain, degenerative foci of neuronal bodies in the telencephalon associated with gliosis and infiltration of eosinophilic granule cells/mast cells were shown. In conclusion, gills, liver, skin and brain are susceptible to Roundup®. Moreover, effects on the central nervous system could affect olfaction as well as individual and group behavior, the reproductive performance of the fish and hence have repercussions at the population level.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lisbôa R.S., Guedes Júnior D.S., Silva F.J.M., Cunha N.C., Machado C.H. & Fonseca A.H. 2008. [Alterations in hematological parameters of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina.] Alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos de Gallus gallus domesticus experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):527-532. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquellisboa@ufrrj.br Avian spirochaetosis is a cosmopolite acute septicemic disease of many avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. The present study assesses the estimate of the hematological alterations of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with B. anserina by vector Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Twenty-seven fowls of the species G. g. domesticus, 67 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (Group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (Group 2), and another group not exposed to ticks (Group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25th day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, and three, eight and 18 DAE, for hematologic tests. The examination of Group 1 smears revealed large number of spirochaetes. Group 2 and 3 blood smears were negative during the whole period under exam. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis concomitant with the spirochaetemia. We concluded that B. anserina infection determined on fowls of Group 1 hematological alterations compatible with bacterial infection of moderate gravity, developing to self-cure, in the experimental conditions established in this study.

• Borrelia anserina Argas (Persicargas) miniatus avian hematology domestic fowls avian spirochaetosis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Lisbôa R.S., Guedes Júnior D.S., Silva F.J.M., Cunha N.C., Machado C.H. & Fonseca A.H. 2008. [Alterations in hematological parameters of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina.] Alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos de Gallus gallus domesticus experimentalmente infectados por Borrelia anserina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):527-532. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: raquellisboa@ufrrj.br Avian spirochaetosis is a cosmopolite acute septicemic disease of many avian species, caused by Borrelia anserina Sakharoff, 1891. The present study assesses the estimate of the hematological alterations of Gallus gallus domesticus experimentally infected with B. anserina by vector Argas (Persicargas) miniatus. Twenty-seven fowls of the species G. g. domesticus, 67 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (Group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (Group 2), and another group not exposed to ticks (Group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25th day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, and three, eight and 18 DAE, for hematologic tests. The examination of Group 1 smears revealed large number of spirochaetes. Group 2 and 3 blood smears were negative during the whole period under exam. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with heterophilia and monocytosis concomitant with the spirochaetemia. We concluded that B. anserina infection determined on fowls of Group 1 hematological alterations compatible with bacterial infection of moderate gravity, developing to self-cure, in the experimental conditions established in this study.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

• Calves Zebu taurine serum proteins immunoglobulins

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Souza C.P., Ramadinha R.R., Scott F.B. & Pereira M.J.S. 2007. Factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis in an ambulatory population of dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):375-378. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: clarissa@ufrrj.br The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs assisted at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 250 dogs were examined through direct smear of ear samples using a stereoscopic microscope, for the parasitological diagnostic. All dog owners were interviewed and data regarding the animals and their environments were individually recorded. Mite infestation was observed in 15 animals, with a prevalence of 6%. The variables were tested regarding their association with the mites, using the c2 test and, when appropriate, the Fisher exact test. There were no evidences that age (p = 0,20), sex (p = 0,31), breed (p = 0,50), shape of ear (p = 0,66), type (p = 0,19) and length of hair (p = 0,14) and contact with other animals (p = 0,06) could act as potential risk factors for O. cynotis infestation. However, living environment (p = 0,03) and frequency of environmental cleaning (p = 0,005) may facilitate the infestation. The occurrence of pruritus was associated to the presence of mites (p<0,001), suggesting to be an effect of the parasitism.

• Ear mange risk factors dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Souza C.P., Ramadinha R.R., Scott F.B. & Pereira M.J.S. 2007. Factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis in an ambulatory population of dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):375-378. Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: clarissa@ufrrj.br The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence of Otodectes cynotis infestations in dogs assisted at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 250 dogs were examined through direct smear of ear samples using a stereoscopic microscope, for the parasitological diagnostic. All dog owners were interviewed and data regarding the animals and their environments were individually recorded. Mite infestation was observed in 15 animals, with a prevalence of 6%. The variables were tested regarding their association with the mites, using the c2 test and, when appropriate, the Fisher exact test. There were no evidences that age (p = 0,20), sex (p = 0,31), breed (p = 0,50), shape of ear (p = 0,66), type (p = 0,19) and length of hair (p = 0,14) and contact with other animals (p = 0,06) could act as potential risk factors for O. cynotis infestation. However, living environment (p = 0,03) and frequency of environmental cleaning (p = 0,005) may facilitate the infestation. The occurrence of pruritus was associated to the presence of mites (p<0,001), suggesting to be an effect of the parasitism.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fecchio R.S., Gomes M.S., Kolososki J., Petri B.S.S., Rossi Jr J.L. & Gioso M.A. 2008. [Study of the occlusion biomechanics and adherence of acrylic resin (polimetilmetacrilate) in fractures of rhinotheca in toucans (Ramphastos toco).] Estudo da biomecânica oclusal e da aderência da resina acrílica auto-polimerizável (polimetilmetacrilato) em fraturas de rinoteca de tucanos (Ramphastos toco). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(7):335-340. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8 superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: rfecchio@gmail.com Traction effort was applied perpendicularly to the axis of toucan beaks and for accomplishment of the essay a dynamometer was used. The beak was completely fractured when submitted to traction of 270.40 N. For fixation of the fractured beaks acrylic resin was applied using a strip of 2.0cm of width. The second beak presented resistance up to 69.75 N. The third beak was submitted to acid conditioning and resisted to force of 63.29 N. Other two new tests were accomplished the whole surface of the rhinotheca filled out. The fourth beak was not submitted to the acid attack and it resisted up to 134.40 N, and the fifth was submitted to the acid etch and it resisted up to 101.50 N. The present work did not observe statistical correlation and, consequently, differences among the procedures with previous use of acid attack and those without the use of the same.

• Toucans rhinotheca fracture beak tucano rinoteca bico Ramphastos toco polimetilmetacrilate polimetilmetacrilato fraturas

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Fecchio R.S., Gomes M.S., Kolososki J., Petri B.S.S., Rossi Jr J.L. & Gioso M.A. 2008. [Study of the occlusion biomechanics and adherence of acrylic resin (polimetilmetacrilate) in fractures of rhinotheca in toucans (Ramphastos toco).] Estudo da biomecânica oclusal e da aderência da resina acrílica auto-polimerizável (polimetilmetacrilato) em fraturas de rinoteca de tucanos (Ramphastos toco). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(7):335-340. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Prof. Dr. Orlando de Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 8 superior, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: rfecchio@gmail.com Traction effort was applied perpendicularly to the axis of toucan beaks and for accomplishment of the essay a dynamometer was used. The beak was completely fractured when submitted to traction of 270.40 N. For fixation of the fractured beaks acrylic resin was applied using a strip of 2.0cm of width. The second beak presented resistance up to 69.75 N. The third beak was submitted to acid conditioning and resisted to force of 63.29 N. Other two new tests were accomplished the whole surface of the rhinotheca filled out. The fourth beak was not submitted to the acid attack and it resisted up to 134.40 N, and the fifth was submitted to the acid etch and it resisted up to 101.50 N. The present work did not observe statistical correlation and, consequently, differences among the procedures with previous use of acid attack and those without the use of the same.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Botteon P.T.L., Ferraz V.P., Glória M.B.A., Melo M.M., Paes Leme F.O., Faleiros R.R. & Alves G.E.S. 2008. [Plasmatic concentrations of tryptamine, tyramine end phenylethylamine in horses under the effect of carbohydrate overload and non-steroid antinflammatory compounds.] Concentrações plasmáticas de triptamina, tiramina e feniletilamina em eqüinos sob efeitos de sobrecarga de carboidratos e antiinflamatórios não esteroidais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):299-302. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: paulobotteon@gmail.com The concentrations of the bioactives amines tryptamine (TRP), tyramine (TYR) and phenylethylamine (PEA) were determined by gas chromatography in plasma samples of 20 horses submitted to carbohydrate overload. Thirty hours after the overload, the horses were randomly distributed in four groups (n=5) and were submitted to four IV treatments every 12 hours: 10ml of saline (GC), ketoprofen 2.2mg/kg (GK), phenylbutazone 4.4mg/kg (GF), and flunixin meglumine 1.1mg/kg (GFM). Blood samples were collected at various times after the overload (0-72 h). Plasma TYR and PEA concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 164.2mg/L, and differed significantly with time (p<0.01), but did not differ in the treatments. Plasma concentrations of TRP differed between times and treatments. The GC was significantly major than other treatments at 48h and 60h after the overload, and the plasma concentration of TRP in groups GK and GFM was significantly lower than in groups GF and GC at 72 h (p=0.0012). We concluded that the anti-inflammatory drugs evaluated do not interfere in the plasma concentration of TYP and PEA. For TRP, ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine was effective to reduce de plasmatic concentration of this amine.

• Amines antinflammatory compounds laminitis horse

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Botteon P.T.L., Ferraz V.P., Glória M.B.A., Melo M.M., Paes Leme F.O., Faleiros R.R. & Alves G.E.S. 2008. [Plasmatic concentrations of tryptamine, tyramine end phenylethylamine in horses under the effect of carbohydrate overload and non-steroid antinflammatory compounds.] Concentrações plasmáticas de triptamina, tiramina e feniletilamina em eqüinos sob efeitos de sobrecarga de carboidratos e antiinflamatórios não esteroidais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(6):299-302. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: paulobotteon@gmail.com The concentrations of the bioactives amines tryptamine (TRP), tyramine (TYR) and phenylethylamine (PEA) were determined by gas chromatography in plasma samples of 20 horses submitted to carbohydrate overload. Thirty hours after the overload, the horses were randomly distributed in four groups (n=5) and were submitted to four IV treatments every 12 hours: 10ml of saline (GC), ketoprofen 2.2mg/kg (GK), phenylbutazone 4.4mg/kg (GF), and flunixin meglumine 1.1mg/kg (GFM). Blood samples were collected at various times after the overload (0-72 h). Plasma TYR and PEA concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 164.2mg/L, and differed significantly with time (p<0.01), but did not differ in the treatments. Plasma concentrations of TRP differed between times and treatments. The GC was significantly major than other treatments at 48h and 60h after the overload, and the plasma concentration of TRP in groups GK and GFM was significantly lower than in groups GF and GC at 72 h (p=0.0012). We concluded that the anti-inflammatory drugs evaluated do not interfere in the plasma concentration of TYP and PEA. For TRP, ketoprofen and flunixin meglumine was effective to reduce de plasmatic concentration of this amine.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Simões E.A., Jatene F.B., Bernardo W.M., Stopiglia A.J., Monteiro R, Fantoni D.T., Abduch C.D., Yasbek K.V.B., Irino E.T., Unruh S.M., Kahvegian M. & Soares A.L.H. 2007. [Viability of the right pneumonectomy in dogs: a parametric, hemogasometric and radiological evaluation.] Viabilidade da pneumonectomia direita em cães: uma avaliação paramétrica, hemogasométrica e radiográfica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(11):447-454. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: edas@uol.com.br In dogs, the evidence of viability of the right pneumonectomy, as well as the study of complications resulting from surgical procedure, are very important regarding the few specific studies made on the pneumonectomy in this animal species. The objective of this project was to carry out an experimental study to evaluate the viability of the right pneumonectomy in dogs through parametric, hemogasometric and radiographic evaluation. Ten adult healthy mongrel dogs, males and females, weighing 13-32 kg, were used. The dogs were submitted to selective intubation and right thoracotomy at the 5th intercostal space, where the pneumonectomy was performed. A radiografic evaluation was made on days 7, 30 and 60 after the surgery, as well as parametric and hemogasometric evaluations were done (before anesthetic induction, 1 hour after extubation, 48 hours and on days 7, 30 and 60 after the surgical procedure), considered important to evaluate possible complications due to the anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as complications resulting from these procedures. The results were analyzed statistically. Besides the parametric and hemogasometric alterations, all dogs showed compensation for the gaseous exchanges after removing 57% of the pulmonary volume. Regarding the radiographic evaluation, it could be observed that the expansion of the remaining lung caused heart and lung displacement into the right hemithorax. It can be concluded that the right pneumonectomy is completely feasible in dogs, allowing a parametric, hemogasometric and radiographic satisfactory evaluation in all the animals.

• Pneumonectomy lung surgery dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Simões E.A., Jatene F.B., Bernardo W.M., Stopiglia A.J., Monteiro R, Fantoni D.T., Abduch C.D., Yasbek K.V.B., Irino E.T., Unruh S.M., Kahvegian M. & Soares A.L.H. 2007. [Viability of the right pneumonectomy in dogs: a parametric, hemogasometric and radiological evaluation.] Viabilidade da pneumonectomia direita em cães: uma avaliação paramétrica, hemogasométrica e radiográfica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(11):447-454. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: edas@uol.com.br In dogs, the evidence of viability of the right pneumonectomy, as well as the study of complications resulting from surgical procedure, are very important regarding the few specific studies made on the pneumonectomy in this animal species. The objective of this project was to carry out an experimental study to evaluate the viability of the right pneumonectomy in dogs through parametric, hemogasometric and radiographic evaluation. Ten adult healthy mongrel dogs, males and females, weighing 13-32 kg, were used. The dogs were submitted to selective intubation and right thoracotomy at the 5th intercostal space, where the pneumonectomy was performed. A radiografic evaluation was made on days 7, 30 and 60 after the surgery, as well as parametric and hemogasometric evaluations were done (before anesthetic induction, 1 hour after extubation, 48 hours and on days 7, 30 and 60 after the surgical procedure), considered important to evaluate possible complications due to the anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as complications resulting from these procedures. The results were analyzed statistically. Besides the parametric and hemogasometric alterations, all dogs showed compensation for the gaseous exchanges after removing 57% of the pulmonary volume. Regarding the radiographic evaluation, it could be observed that the expansion of the remaining lung caused heart and lung displacement into the right hemithorax. It can be concluded that the right pneumonectomy is completely feasible in dogs, allowing a parametric, hemogasometric and radiographic satisfactory evaluation in all the animals.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Inoe A.P., Pereira F.C., Stopiglia A.J. & Da-Silva C.F. 2007. Pharmacological immunomodulation enhances peripheral nerve regeneration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):363-369. Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo, SP 055508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ana.paula@unipar.br To assess the effect of N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP topically administrated on the regenerating peripheral neurons, twelve male C57BL/6J adult mice were equally distributed into three groups. Four mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection and polyethylene tubulization, with a 4mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps and were implanted with collagen + PBS (COL). Other four animals underwent the same surgical procedure but received collagen + MDP (COL/MDP) inside the prosthesis. Four animals were not operated and served as control group (NOR). After 4 weeks, the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counting and myelinated fiber diameter measurement. The L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was also removed and sectioned for sensory neurons counting and measurement. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in axonal counting among the groups NOR (4,355±32), COL (1,869±289) and COL/MDP (2,430±223). There was a significant reduction in the axonal diameter in the operated groups (COL=3.38mm±1.16 and COL/MDP=3.54mm±1.16) compared to NOR (6.19mm±2.45). No difference was found in the number of DRG neurons between the experimental groups (COL=564±51; COL/MDP=514±56), which presented fewer sensory neurons compared to NOR (1,097±142). Data obtained indicate that locally applied MDP stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in mice.

• N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP nerve regeneration drug effect sciatic nerve surgery

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Inoe A.P., Pereira F.C., Stopiglia A.J. & Da-Silva C.F. 2007. Pharmacological immunomodulation enhances peripheral nerve regeneration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(9):363-369. Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415, São Paulo, SP 055508-900, Brazil. E-mail: ana.paula@unipar.br To assess the effect of N-Acetylmuramyl-L-Alanyl-D-Isoglutamine MDP topically administrated on the regenerating peripheral neurons, twelve male C57BL/6J adult mice were equally distributed into three groups. Four mice underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection and polyethylene tubulization, with a 4mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps and were implanted with collagen + PBS (COL). Other four animals underwent the same surgical procedure but received collagen + MDP (COL/MDP) inside the prosthesis. Four animals were not operated and served as control group (NOR). After 4 weeks, the regenerated nerve cables were processed for total myelinated axon counting and myelinated fiber diameter measurement. The L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was also removed and sectioned for sensory neurons counting and measurement. The results revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in axonal counting among the groups NOR (4,355±32), COL (1,869±289) and COL/MDP (2,430±223). There was a significant reduction in the axonal diameter in the operated groups (COL=3.38mm±1.16 and COL/MDP=3.54mm±1.16) compared to NOR (6.19mm±2.45). No difference was found in the number of DRG neurons between the experimental groups (COL=564±51; COL/MDP=514±56), which presented fewer sensory neurons compared to NOR (1,097±142). Data obtained indicate that locally applied MDP stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration in mice.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Schons S.V., Kommers G.D., Pereira G.M., Raffi M.B. & Schild A.L. 2007. [Microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultra-structural study of the lesions experimentaly induced by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) in cattle.] Estudo histológico, imuno-histoquímico e ultra-estrutural das lesões induzidas experimentalmente por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):269-276. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of the lesions observed in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens. The mushroom was given to three 9 to10-month-old Jersey calves immediately after harvesting. Daily doses were around 20g/kg of body weight during 7 (Calf 1) or 13 days (Calves 2-3), and the total doses of mushroom given were 140, 268, and 261g/kg of body weight, respectively. One calf (Calf 4) with same age and breed was used as control. Clinical signs were characterized by prostration, anorexia, hyperemia of oral mucosa, and loosening of long hairs of the tail tip under mild traction. The calves were submitted to euthanasia and necropsied on days 8 (Calf 1) and 15 (Calves 2-4) after the beginning of the experiment. Microscopically, there was smoothness of dorsal epithelium of tongue with absence of filiform papillae, vacuolation of keratinocytes, and loosening of the keratin layer. In the hooves, there was vacuolation and irregular keratinization of the laminar epidermis and hyperplasia of keratinocytes. Hyperkeratosis, vacuolation of the external root sheath, thickening of tricholemal keratin, and inflammatory infiltration around hair follicles were observed on the skin of the tail tip. Immunohistochemical results with anti-pancytoceratin and anti-Ki67 (cell proliferation marker) antibodies showed no differences between the tongue dorsal epithelium of the control and experimental calves. Ultrastructural study demonstrated decrease in tonofilaments and increased intercellular spaces of the spinous layer of the tongue dorsal epithelium. The results of this study favor the hypothesis of an interference with the epithelial keratinization mechanisms by the toxic principles of Ramaria flavo-brunnescens.

• Ramaria flavo-brunnecens mushroom poisoning cattle diseases pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Schons S.V., Kommers G.D., Pereira G.M., Raffi M.B. & Schild A.L. 2007. [Microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultra-structural study of the lesions experimentaly induced by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) in cattle.] Estudo histológico, imuno-histoquímico e ultra-estrutural das lesões induzidas experimentalmente por Ramaria flavo-brunnescens (Clavariaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):269-276. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br The objective of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of the lesions observed in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens. The mushroom was given to three 9 to10-month-old Jersey calves immediately after harvesting. Daily doses were around 20g/kg of body weight during 7 (Calf 1) or 13 days (Calves 2-3), and the total doses of mushroom given were 140, 268, and 261g/kg of body weight, respectively. One calf (Calf 4) with same age and breed was used as control. Clinical signs were characterized by prostration, anorexia, hyperemia of oral mucosa, and loosening of long hairs of the tail tip under mild traction. The calves were submitted to euthanasia and necropsied on days 8 (Calf 1) and 15 (Calves 2-4) after the beginning of the experiment. Microscopically, there was smoothness of dorsal epithelium of tongue with absence of filiform papillae, vacuolation of keratinocytes, and loosening of the keratin layer. In the hooves, there was vacuolation and irregular keratinization of the laminar epidermis and hyperplasia of keratinocytes. Hyperkeratosis, vacuolation of the external root sheath, thickening of tricholemal keratin, and inflammatory infiltration around hair follicles were observed on the skin of the tail tip. Immunohistochemical results with anti-pancytoceratin and anti-Ki67 (cell proliferation marker) antibodies showed no differences between the tongue dorsal epithelium of the control and experimental calves. Ultrastructural study demonstrated decrease in tonofilaments and increased intercellular spaces of the spinous layer of the tongue dorsal epithelium. The results of this study favor the hypothesis of an interference with the epithelial keratinization mechanisms by the toxic principles of Ramaria flavo-brunnescens.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Melo E.S.P., Araújo F.R., Ramos C.A.N., Soares C.O., Rosinha G.M.S., Elisei C. & Madruga C.R. 2007. [ELISA based on recombinant truncated MSP5 for detection of antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle.] ELISA com MSP5 recombinante truncada para detecção de anticorpos contra Anaplasma marginale em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):301-306. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: flabio@cnpgc.embrapa.br The objective of this study was the production and solubilization of recombinant truncated MSP5 of Anaplasma marginale and the evaluation of its performance in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to detect antibodies against the rickettsia in cattle. The fragment of msp5 gene, except the hydrophobic N-terminal region, was amplified by PCR, cloned in pTrcHis-TOPO plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli. Solubilization of the recombinant protein was evaluated in different pHs and concentrations of urea. The sensibility and specificity of the assay were evaluated with 66 sera from cattle experimentally-infected and 96 sera from cattle free of A. marginale defined by polymerase chain reaction for msp5 gene. Serum samples from 1,666 cattle from Brazil - states of Rio Grande do Sul (73), Mato Grosso do Sul (91), Pernambuco (86), Bahia (314) and Minas Gerais (267), Uruguay (32) and Costa Rica (803), were tested by ELISAs with recombinant truncated MSP5 and with recombinant MSP1a, and the agreement between both ELISAs was calculated. ELISA with recombinant truncated MSP5 protein detected infected animals with sensibility of 96.97% and specificity of 100%. In cattle experimentally-infected, the ELISA detected antibodies from the 12th day post-infection (DPI) to the end of the experiment, at the 37th DPI. The agreement between the ELISAs with truncated MSP5 and MSP1a antigens was 95.67%, with a kappa index of 0.81. Disagreement results showed significative difference (p <0.001). Antibodies for A. marginale were detected in animals of the all the region analyzed. The ELISA with recombinant truncated MSP5 showed a good performance in ELISA for detention of antibodies against A. marginale, with high sensitivity and specificity, representing an important tool for the diagnosis of anaplasmose bovine in epidemiological studies.

• Anaplasma marginale ELISA MSP5 solubilization recombinant protein

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Melo E.S.P., Araújo F.R., Ramos C.A.N., Soares C.O., Rosinha G.M.S., Elisei C. & Madruga C.R. 2007. [ELISA based on recombinant truncated MSP5 for detection of antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle.] ELISA com MSP5 recombinante truncada para detecção de anticorpos contra Anaplasma marginale em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(7):301-306. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: flabio@cnpgc.embrapa.br The objective of this study was the production and solubilization of recombinant truncated MSP5 of Anaplasma marginale and the evaluation of its performance in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to detect antibodies against the rickettsia in cattle. The fragment of msp5 gene, except the hydrophobic N-terminal region, was amplified by PCR, cloned in pTrcHis-TOPO plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli. Solubilization of the recombinant protein was evaluated in different pHs and concentrations of urea. The sensibility and specificity of the assay were evaluated with 66 sera from cattle experimentally-infected and 96 sera from cattle free of A. marginale defined by polymerase chain reaction for msp5 gene. Serum samples from 1,666 cattle from Brazil - states of Rio Grande do Sul (73), Mato Grosso do Sul (91), Pernambuco (86), Bahia (314) and Minas Gerais (267), Uruguay (32) and Costa Rica (803), were tested by ELISAs with recombinant truncated MSP5 and with recombinant MSP1a, and the agreement between both ELISAs was calculated. ELISA with recombinant truncated MSP5 protein detected infected animals with sensibility of 96.97% and specificity of 100%. In cattle experimentally-infected, the ELISA detected antibodies from the 12th day post-infection (DPI) to the end of the experiment, at the 37th DPI. The agreement between the ELISAs with truncated MSP5 and MSP1a antigens was 95.67%, with a kappa index of 0.81. Disagreement results showed significative difference (p <0.001). Antibodies for A. marginale were detected in animals of the all the region analyzed. The ELISA with recombinant truncated MSP5 showed a good performance in ELISA for detention of antibodies against A. marginale, with high sensitivity and specificity, representing an important tool for the diagnosis of anaplasmose bovine in epidemiological studies.