PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Souza F. & Campos R. 2013. A systematic study of the brain base arteries in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):796-806. Setor de Anatomia Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: fesouzavet@yahoo.com.br The brains of 30 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were injected with red stained latex. The arteries of the ventral surface of the brain were systematized on the right (R) and on the left (L) side with the respective percentage of appearance: the aortic arch emitted the braquicephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery (83.3%); or the braquicephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery (16.7%). The braquicephalic trunk emitted the right and the left common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery (83.3%); or the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery (16.7%). The common carotid arteries were divided into external and internal carotid arteries (96.7% on the R, 100% on the L.). The internal carotid artery to the R was present (96.7%) and absent (3.3%), and to the L, was present (100%). The rostral choroidal artery to the R was collateral branch of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery (83.3%), collateral branch of caudal branch of the internal carotid artery (16.7%), and to the L was collateral branch of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery (93.3%), collateral branch of the caudal branch of the internal carotid artery (6.7%). The middle cerebral artery to the R and to the L was single (80%) and double (20%). The rostral cerebral artery to the R had middle caliber (90%), thin caliber (6.7%) and too thin caliber (3.3%), and to the L had middle caliber (76.7%), thin caliber (16.7%) and too thin caliber (6.7%). The internal ethmoidal artery was absent (73.3%), present and single (26.7%). The caudal cerebral artery to the R was single (66.7%), double (26.7%) and triple (6.7%), and to the L was single (63.3%) and double (36.7%). The terminal branches of the right and left vertebral arteries were present (100%, and formed the basilar artery (100%). The ventral spinal artery was present (100%). The caudal cerebellar artery, to the R was single (43.3%), single with labyrinthic artery isolated (26.7%) and double (30%), and to the L was single (50%), single with labyrinthic artery isolated (6.7%), double (40%) and triple (3.3%). The trigeminal artery to the R and to the L was present (100%). The rostral cerebellar artery to the R was single (53.3%) and double (46,7%), and to the L was single (63.3%) and double (36.7%). The rabbit’s cerebral arterial circle was caudally closed (100%) and rostrally closed (93.3%) or opened (6.7%). The brain was supplied by the vertebral-basilar and carotid systems.

• Brain vascularization cerebral arteries Oryctolagus cuniculus vascularização encefálica artérias cerebrais

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Souza F. & Campos R. 2013. A systematic study of the brain base arteries in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). [Sistematização das artérias da base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sanguíneo em coelho da raça Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):796-806. Setor de Anatomia Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: fesouzavet@yahoo.com.br Foram utilizados 30 encéfalos de coelhos Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus), injetados com látex, corado em vermelho, com objetivo de sistematizar as artérias da base do encéfalo e suas fontes de suprimento sanguíneo. Sistematizou-se a origem das fontes de suprimento sanguíneo para o encéfalo e as artérias (Aa) da face ventral do mesmo, tanto à direita (D) como à esquerda (E), com suas respectivas percentagens de aparecimento: o arco aórtico emitiu tronco braquiocefálico e artéria (A.) subclávia E (83,3%), ou tronco braquiocefálico, A. carótida comum E e A. subclávia E (16,7%). O tronco braquiocefálico lançou A. carótida comum D e E e A. subclávia D (83,3%), ou A. carótida comum D e A. subclávia D (16,7%). A. carótida comum dividiu-se em Aa carótidas externa e interna (96,7% D, 100% E). A. carótida interna D presente (96,7%) e ausente (3,3%), à E presente (100%). A. corióidea rostral D ramo colateral do ramo rostral da A. carótida interna D (83,3%), ramo colateral do ramo caudal da A. carótida interna D (16,7%), à E, ramo colateral do ramo rostral da A. carótida interna E (93,3%), ramo colateral do ramo caudal da A. carótida interna E (6,7%). A. cerebral média D e E ímpar (80%) e dupla (20%). A. cerebral rostral D com calibre médio (90%), calibre fino (6,7%), calibre muito fino (3,3%), à E, com calibre médio (76,7%), calibre fino (16,7%), calibre muito fino (6,7%). A. etmoidal interna ausente (73,3%), presente e ímpar (26,7%). A. cerebral caudal D, ímpar (66,7%), dupla (26,7%) e tripla (6,7%), à E, ímpar (63,3%) e dupla (36,7%). Ramos terminais ­­das Aa. vertebrais D e E presentes (100%) formaram a A. basilar (100%). A. espinhal ventral ímpar presente (100%). A. cerebelar caudal D, ímpar (43,3%), ímpar com A. labiríntica isolada (26,7%) e dupla (30%), à E, ímpar (50%), ímpar com A. labiríntica isolada (6,7%), dupla (40%) e tripla (3,3%). A. trigeminal D e E presente (100%). A. cerebelar rostral D, ímpar (53,3%) e dupla (46,7%), à E, ímpar (63,3%) e dupla (36,7%). Observou-se que o círculo arterial Cerebral do coelho foi fechado caudalmente (100%), rostralmente fechado (93,3%) e aberto (6,7%). O encéfalo foi suprido pelos sistemas vértebro-basilar e carotídeo.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Biasi C., Borelli V., Prazeres R.F., Favaron P.O., Pavanello Junior V., Aloia T.P.A. & Bombonato P.P. 2013. [Comparative analysis between both ventricular and sinoatrial node arterial vascularization in heart of dogs.] Análise comparativa entre a vascularização arterial ventricular e a do nó sinoatrial em corações de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(1):111-114. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil. E-mail: phelipe.favaron@yahoo.com.br We analyzed 40 hearts of adult dogs, males and females of different ages, without cardiac disease. The hearts had the coronary arteries inject using Neoprene Latex 450, colored with red pigment, and which was then dissected. In the ventricular vascularization the left coronary artery was predominant and gave rise to the paraconal interventricular and subsinuous branches. The region occupied by the sinoatrial node was most frequently (17 times, 42.5%) in dependence of the left atrial proximal branch or in the collateral branch of that vessel, coming from the left circumflex branch, or this vessel was associated with the right atrial distal branch (8 times, 20%). With less frequency (14 times, 30%), in the area occupied by the sinoatrial node we found only the collaterals of the right circumflex branch, only the right atrial distal branch (10 times, 25%), only the right atrial proximal branch (3 times, 7.5%) or exclusively the right atrial intermediary branch (once, 2.5%). In just one case (once, 2.5%) in the area of the sinoatrial node we observed only the collateral of the left circumflex branch, i.e. the left atrial distal branch. According to our results we concluded that in this specie there is no relationship between the type of ventricular vascularization and irrigation of the sinoatrial node. In doing so, to consider just the ventricular branches is not sufficient for a clinical and surgical applied understanding, since the atrial branches make an important contribution to the sinoatrial node vascularization.

• Cardiac conduction system heart vascularization sistema de condução cardíaco vascularização cardíaca

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Biasi C., Borelli V., Prazeres R.F., Favaron P.O., Pavanello Junior V., Aloia T.P.A. & Bombonato P.P. 2013. [Comparative analysis between both ventricular and sinoatrial node arterial vascularization in heart of dogs.] Análise comparativa entre a vascularização arterial ventricular e a do nó sinoatrial em corações de cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(1):111-114. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil. E-mail: phelipe.favaron@yahoo.com.br Utilizamos nesta pesquisa 40 corações de cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, de idades variadas, que não portavam nenhuma afecção cardíaca. Os corações tiveram as artérias coronárias injetadas, separadamente, com Neoprene Látex 450, corado com pigmento vermelho, e posteriormente dissecados. Em todas estas preparações verificamos que na vascularização dos ventrículos predominava a artéria coronária esquerda que fornecia os ramos interventriculares paraconal e subsinuoso. Já, a região ocupada pelo nó sinoatrial ficava mais frequentemente (17 vezes, 42,5%) na dependência do ramo proximal atrial esquerdo ou de colateral deste vaso, oriundo do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, ou deste vaso associado ao ramo distal atrial direito (8 vezes, 20%), procedente do ramo circunflexo direito. Com menor frequência (14 vezes, 30%), a área tomada pelo nó sinoatrial, encontramos apenas colaterais do ramo circunflexo direito, mais exatamente somente o ramo distal atrial direito (10 vezes, 25%), apenas o ramo proximal atrial direito (3 vezes, 7,5%) ou ainda exclusivamente o ramo intermédio atrial direito (1 vez, 2,5%). Em um único caso (1 vez, 2,5%) no território do nó sinoatrial observamos apenas colateral do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, isto é o ramo distal atrial esquerdo. A análise destes resultados permite concluir, que nesta espécie não existe qualquer tipo de relação entre o tipo de vascularização dos ventrículos e a irrigação do nó sinoatrial. Sendo assim, considerar os ramos ventriculares isoladamente não é suficiente para um entendimento clínico-cirúrgico aplicado, uma vez que os ramos atriais apresentam uma importante contribuição para a vascularização do nó sinoatrial.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Biasi C., Borelli V., Benedicto H.G., Pereira M.R., Favaron P.O. & Bombonato P.P. 2012. [Comparative analysis between ventricular and sinoatrial node vascularization in cats.] Análise comparativa entre a vascularização ventricular e do nó sinoatrial em gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):78-82. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: caiobiasi@usp.br The possible existence of interdependence in the blood nutrition of both atrial and ventricular territories has been a subject of concern to cardiologists, mainly related to vascularization of the sinoatrial node and its dependence on just one coronary artery or both, and its relation with the predominance of these vessels in the ventricular vascularization. Therefore, this research aimed evaluated the relation of blood irrigation of the sinoatrial node in relation to the coronary artery predominance in the ventricle vascularization. In doing so, we analyzed 30 hearts of cats without pedigree, males and females, adults of several ages. They were not carrying any heart problems. The hearts were injected by the thoracic aorta with Neoprene Latex 450, stained with red pigment, and then they were dissected. It was found that when there was a prevalence of ventricular vascularization of the left type (63.34%) the sinoatrial node irrigation was predominantly in the dependency of the Ramus proximalis atrii dextri (78.9%) or with less frequency by Ramus proximalis atrii sinister (21.1%). In the ventricular vascularization of the balanced type (33.34%), the pacemaker irrigation was in dependence more often of Ramus proximalis atrii dextri (80%) or with less frequency the nutrition of the sinoatrial node occurred by Ramus proximalis atril sinister (20%). In a single-case, we observed the ventricular vascularization of the right type (3.34%), the pacemaker nutrition was in an exclusive dependence of the Ramus intermedius atril dextri. These results suggest in this species there is no relationship between both the sinoatrial node irrigation and the type of ventricular vascularization, regardless of gender.

• cardiac conduction system heart vascularization nó sinoatrial vascularização cardíaca

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Biasi C., Borelli V., Benedicto H.G., Pereira M.R., Favaron P.O. & Bombonato P.P. 2012. [Comparative analysis between ventricular and sinoatrial node vascularization in cats.] Análise comparativa entre a vascularização ventricular e do nó sinoatrial em gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(1):78-82. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: caiobiasi@usp.br A possível existência de interdependência na nutrição de territórios atriais e ventriculares tem sido objeto de preocupação por partes dos cardiologistas, especialmente no que tange a vascularização do nó sinoatrial e sua dependência apenas de uma artéria coronária ou de ambas e de sua relação com o predomínio destes vasos na vascularização ventricular. Assim, este estudo objetiva avaliar a relação da irrigação do nó sinoatrial e a origem e a predominância das artérias coronárias na vascularização dos ventrículos, para tanto utilizou-se 30 corações de gatos sem raça definida adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem sinais de afecção cardíaca. Os corações foram injetados pela aorta torácica com Neoprene Latex 450, corados com pigmento vermelho e dissecados posteriormente. Verificou-se que quando ocorria predomínio da vascularização ventricular do tipo esquerda (63,34%) a irrigação do nó sinoatrial ficou predominantemente na dependência do ramo proximal atrial direito (78,9%) ou com menor freqüência pelo ramo proximal atrial esquerdo (21,1%). Na vascularização ventricular do tipo equilibrada (33,34%), a irrigação do sinoatrial ficou na dependência mais freqüentemente do ramo proximal atrial direito (80%), ou com menor freqüência a nutrição do nó se deu pelo ramo proximal atrial esquerdo (20%). Em um caso isolado, ocorreu a vascularização ventricular do tipo direita (3,34%), a nutrição do sinoatrial, ficou na dependência exclusiva do ramo intermédio atrial direito. Estes resultados indicam que nesta espécie não existe relação entre a irrigação do nó sinoatrial e o tipo de vascularização ventricular, independentemente do sexo.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Almeida L. & Campos R. 2011. Systematization, description and territory of the caudal cerebral artery of the brain in broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):817-822. Setor de Anatomia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 90540-000, Brazil. E-mail: l.almeida@terra.com.br Thirty heads with the neck segment of Caiman latirostris were used. The animals were provided from a creation center called Mister Caiman, under the authorization of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama). Animals were sacrificed according to the slaughtering routine of the abattoir, and the heads were sectioned at the level of the third cervical vertebra. The arterial system was washed with cold saline solution, with drainage through jugular veins. Subsequently, the system was filled with red colored latex injection. Pieces were than fixed in 20% formaldehyde, for seven days. The brains were removed, with a spinal cord segment, the duramater removed and the arteries dissected. At the level of the hypophysis, the internal carotid artery gave off a rostral branch, and a short caudal branch, continuing, naturally, as the caudal cerebral artery. This artery projected laterodorsalwards and, as it overpassed the optic tract, gave off its I (the first) central branch. Penetrated in the cerebral transverse fissure, emitting the diencephalic artery and next its II (second) central branch. Still inside the fissure, originated occipital hemispheric branches and a pineal branch. Emerged from the cerebral transverse fissure, over the occipital pole of the cerebral hemisphere. Projected rostralwards, sagital to the cerebral longitudinal fissure, as interhemispheric artery. This artery gave off medial and convex hemispheric branches to the respective surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, anastomosed with its contralateral homologous, forming the common ethmoidal artery. This artery entered the fissure between the olfactory peduncles, emerging ventrally and dividing into ethmoidal arteries, right and left, which progressed towards the nasal cavities, vascularizing them. The territory of the caudal cerebral artery included the most caudal area of the base of the cerebral hemisphere, its convex surface, the olfactory peduncles and bulbs, the choroid plexuses and the diencephalus with its parietal organs.

• Alligator cerebral arteries brain vascularization Caiman (Caiman latirostris) artérias cerebrais vascularização cerebral jacaré jacaré do papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris)

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Almeida L. & Campos R. 2011. Systematization, description and territory of the caudal cerebral artery of the brain in broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). [Sistematização, descrição e território da artéria cerebral caudal no cérebro do jacaré do papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris).] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(9):817-822. Setor de Anatomia Animal, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 90540-000, Brazil. E-mail: l.almeida@terra.com.br Foram utilizadas trinta cabeças com o segmento de pescoço de Caiman latirostris. Os animais eram provenientes do Criatório Mister Caiman sob a autorização do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama). Os animais foram sacrificados de acordo com as normas de rotina de abate do frigorífico e as cabeças foram seccionadas na altura da terceira vértebra cervical. O sistema arterial foi lavado com solução salina 0.9% resfriada, com drenagem pelas veias jugulares. Em seguida, o sistema foi preenchido com injeção de látex, corado em vermelho As peças foram então fixadas em formaldeído a 20.0% por sete dias. O cérebro foi removido, com um segmento de medula espinhal, a dura-máter retirada e as artérias dissecadas. Na altura da hipófise, a artéria carótida interna emitiu um ramo rostral e, um curto ramo caudal, continuando-se naturalmente, como artéria cerebral caudal. Esta se projetou látero-dorsalmente e ao sobrepassar o trato óptico, emitiu seu I (primeiro) ramo central. Penetrou na fissura transversa do cérebro, lançando a artéria diencefálica e a seguir seu II (segundo) ramo central. Ainda dentro da fissura originou ramos hemisféricos occipitais, e um ramo pineal. Emergiu da fissura transversa do cérebro, no pólo occipital do hemisfério cerebral. Projetou-se rostralmente, sagital a fissura longitudinal do cérebro, como artéria interhemisférica. Esta artéria lançou ramos hemisféricos convexos e mediais para as respectivas faces dos hemisférios cerebrais, anastomosou-se com sua homóloga contralateral, formando uma artéria etmoidal comum. Esta mergulhou na fissura entre os pedúnculos olfatórios emergindo ventralmente e, dividindo-se em artérias etmoidais, direita e esquerda, as quais progrediram para as cavidades nasais, vascularizando-as. O território da artéria cerebral caudal compreendeu a área mais caudal da base do hemisfério cerebral, sua face convexa, os pendúculos e bulbos olfatórios, plexo corióides e o diencéfalo com seus órgãos parietais.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Miranda-Moura M.T.M., Fonseca V.U., Silva N.B., Freitas M.L., Almeida O.B., Rocha H.A.O., Papa P.C. & Moura C.E.B. 2010. Morphological features and vascularization study of caprine cyclic corpus luteum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):351-357. Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho s/n, Campus Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: mouraeduard@cb.ufrn.br Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that regulates either the estrous cycle and pregnancy. It presents extreme dependency on the adequate blood supply. This work aims to evaluate goat corpus luteum (CL) vascular density (VD) over the estrous cycle. For that purpose, 20 females were submitted to estrus synchronization/ovulation treatment using a medroxyprogesterone intra-vaginal sponge as well as intramuscular (IM) application of cloprostenol and equine chorionic gonadotrophine (eCG). After sponge removal, estrus was identified at about 72hs. Once treatment was over, female goats were then subdivided into 4 groups (n=5 each) and slaughtered on days 2, 12, 16 and 22 after ovulation (p.o). Ovaries were collected, withdrawn and weighted. CL and ovaries had size and area recorded. Blood samples were collected and the plasma progesterone (P4) was measured through RIA commercial kits. The VD was 24.42±6.66, 36.26±5.61, 8.59±2.2 and 3.97±1.12 vessels/mm2 for days 2, 12, 16 and 22 p.o, respectively. Progesterone plasma concentrations were 0.49±0.08, 2.63±0.66, 0.61±0.14 and 0.22±0.04ng/ml for days 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o, respectively. Studied parameters were affected by the estrous cycle phase. Values greater than 12 p.o were observed. In the present work we observed that ovulation occurred predominantly in the right ovary (70% of the animals), which in turn presented bigger measures than the contra lateral one. There is a meaningful relationship between the weight and size of the ovary and these of CL (r=0.87, r=0.70, respectively, p<0.05). It is possible to conclude that morphology of goat’s ovaries and plasma progesterone concentration changed according to estrous cycle stages. We propose these parameters can be used as indicators of CL functional activity.

• Corpus luteum progesterone corpo luteo progesterona

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Miranda-Moura M.T.M., Fonseca V.U., Silva N.B., Freitas M.L., Almeida O.B., Rocha H.A.O., Papa P.C. & Moura C.E.B. 2010. Morphological features and vascularization study of caprine cyclic corpus luteum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(4):351-357. Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho s/n, Campus Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. E-mail: mouraeduard@cb.ufrn.br O corpo lúteo é uma glândula endócrina temporária que regula tanto o ciclo estral quanto a prenhez, apresentando extrema dependência de aporte sanguíneo adequado. Objetivaram-se avaliar mudanças morfométricas dos ovários e densidade vascular (DV) dos corpos lúteos (CL) de cabras ao longo do ciclo estral (AOLC). Vinte animais foram submetidos ao tratamento para indução/sincronização do estro, usando esponjas intravaginais com medroxiprogesterona, associadas a aplicações intramusculares de cloprostenol e gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina. Após remoção das esponjas, o estro foi identificado em aproximadamente de 72h. Concluído o tratamento, as cabras foram subdivididas em 4 grupos (n=5 cada) para abate nos dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 após ovulação (p.o.). Posteriormente, foram retirados os ovários e realizadas as mensurações de peso, tamanho e área do órgão e dos CL. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas e a progesterona sérica (P4) mensurada utilizando-se RIA convencional. A DV média dos CL AOLC foi 24,42±6,66; 36,26±5,61; 8,59±2,2 e 3,97±1,12 vasos/mm2 para os dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o., respectivamente. A concentração média de P4 foi de 0,49±0,08; 2,63±0,66; 0,61±0,14 e 0,22±0,04ng/ml para os dias 2, 12, 16 e 22 p.o., respectivamente. Os parâmetros em estudo também se mostraram afetados pela fase do ciclo estral, sendo observados os maiores (p < 0,05) valores no dia 12 p.o. Neste experimento, a ovulação ocorreu predominantemente no ovário direito (70% dos animais), o qual apresentou medidas maiores que o contralateral. Observou-se ainda alta correlação significativa entre o peso do ovário e o do CL (r=0,87; p<0,05) e entre o tamanho destes órgãos (r=0,70; p<0,05). Conclui-se que, a morfologia dos ovários de cabras e a concentração sérica de progesterona variam em função da fase do ciclo estral e podem ser utilizadas como parâmetro na avaliação funcional do órgão.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Lima E.M.M., Silva F.O.C, Rafael E.L.S., Severino R.S., Drummond S.S., Bombonato P.P. & Dianese D.M. 2009. [Arterial vascularization of the thoracic lobes of the thymus in stillborns of the lineage C40.] Vascularização arterial dos lobos torácicos do timo em fetos de suínos da Linhagem C40. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):863-867. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, ICC, Ala Sul, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Cx. Postal 4508, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil. E-mail: limaemm@unb.br As origens e distribuições das artérias que vascularizaram os lobos torácicos do timo foram estudadas em 30 suínos da linhagem C40, fetos, sendo 12 machos e 18 fêmeas. Os exemplares tiveram o sistema arterial preenchido com solução aquosa de, a 50% de Neoprene Látex, corado e, em seguida foram submetidos à fixação em solução aquosa, a 10%, de formaldeído. Os lobos torácicos do timo foram vascularizados por ramos diretos das artérias torácica interna direita (63,33%) e esquerda (53,33%), subclávia esquerda (3,33%), vertebral esquerda (3,33%), cervical superficial direita (3,33%) e esquerda (3,33%), carótida comum esquerda (3,33%), coronária direita (3,33%) e pelos troncos braquiocefálico (33,33%) e costocervical (3,33%). Observou ainda os ramos indiretos das artérias torácica interna direita (70%) e esquerda (76,67%), subclávia esquerda (23,33%), cervical superficial esquerda (3,33%) e do arco aórtico (6,67%).

• Vascularization lineage C40 fetus

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Lima E.M.M., Silva F.O.C, Rafael E.L.S., Severino R.S., Drummond S.S., Bombonato P.P. & Dianese D.M. 2009. [Arterial vascularization of the thoracic lobes of the thymus in stillborns of the lineage C40.] Vascularização arterial dos lobos torácicos do timo em fetos de suínos da Linhagem C40. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):863-867. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, ICC, Ala Sul, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Cx. Postal 4508, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil. E-mail: limaemm@unb.br The origins and distributions of the arteries that vascularization the thoracic lobes of the thymus, right and left, were studied in 30 swine of the lineage C40, fetus, being 12 males and 18 females. The animals had the arterial system filled with aqueous colored solution in a 50% of Neoprene Latex, and than were fixed in 10% aqueous solution formaldehyde. The thoracic lobes of thymus were vascularization by direct branches of the right (53.33%) and left (63.33%) internal thoracic arteries, left subclavian (3.33%), left vertebral (3.33%), right (3.33%) and left (3.33%) superficial cervical, left common carotid (3.33%), right coronary (3.33%) and brachiocephalic trunk (33.33%) and costocervical trunk (3.33%). The right internal thoracic arteries (70%) and left internal thoracic (76.67%), left subclavian (23.33%), left superficial cervical (3.33%) of the aortic arch (6.67%) provided indirect branches for the correspondent thoracic lobes of the thymus in each side.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Milani J.F., Barros P.S.M., Guerra J.L. & Brooks D.E. 2008. Effects of topical 0.2% Cyclosporine A on corneal neovascularization induced by xenologous amniotic membrane implantation into a corneal stroma micropocket of rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):379-386. Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: pauloeye@usp.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the topical effects of 0.2% Cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal neovascularization of rats following surgical implantation of equine amniotic membrane into a corneal stroma micropocket. The implantation of xenologous amniotic membrane was performed bilaterally in 90 rats. In the same day of the surgery each right eye started receiving topical CsA twice a day. The left eye received no medication and served as a control. The evaluation of corneal neovascularization was performed by computerized image analysis and histopathological evaluation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. For the image analysis 10 animals were used per time period, and for the histopathological examination, five animals were used per time period. Image analysis found that corneal neovascularization began on the 3rd postoperative day, reached its peak on the 7th day, and then progressively and rapidly decreased. Statistic analysis indicated that neovascularization of the CsA treated eye on the 7th day was significantly higher than that observed in untreated eyes. On the 30th day, however, this pattern was reversed with the neovascularization observed in the CsA treated eyes declining to the low levels observed on the 3rd day. The degree of neovascularization in the untreated eyes on the 30th day declined to the baseline levels found on day 3 at the 60th day. Histopathological analysis indicated that deposition of collagen in the implanted tissue was completed by the 15th day. Therefore, we concluded that (1) equine amniotic membrane in rat corneal stroma produced an intense neovascularization until the 15th day postoperatively and then regressed, (2) deposition of collagen of the implanted tissue was completed on the 15th day postoperatively, and (3) use of CsA was associated with increase in the corneal neovascularization initially, followed by a quick and intense regression.

• Amniotic membrane cyclosporine cornea veterinary ophthalmology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Milani J.F., Barros P.S.M., Guerra J.L. & Brooks D.E. 2008. Effects of topical 0.2% Cyclosporine A on corneal neovascularization induced by xenologous amniotic membrane implantation into a corneal stroma micropocket of rats. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):379-386. Laboratório de Investigação em Oftalmologia Comparada, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil. E-mail: pauloeye@usp.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the topical effects of 0.2% Cyclosporine A (CsA) on corneal neovascularization of rats following surgical implantation of equine amniotic membrane into a corneal stroma micropocket. The implantation of xenologous amniotic membrane was performed bilaterally in 90 rats. In the same day of the surgery each right eye started receiving topical CsA twice a day. The left eye received no medication and served as a control. The evaluation of corneal neovascularization was performed by computerized image analysis and histopathological evaluation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. For the image analysis 10 animals were used per time period, and for the histopathological examination, five animals were used per time period. Image analysis found that corneal neovascularization began on the 3rd postoperative day, reached its peak on the 7th day, and then progressively and rapidly decreased. Statistic analysis indicated that neovascularization of the CsA treated eye on the 7th day was significantly higher than that observed in untreated eyes. On the 30th day, however, this pattern was reversed with the neovascularization observed in the CsA treated eyes declining to the low levels observed on the 3rd day. The degree of neovascularization in the untreated eyes on the 30th day declined to the baseline levels found on day 3 at the 60th day. Histopathological analysis indicated that deposition of collagen in the implanted tissue was completed by the 15th day. Therefore, we concluded that (1) equine amniotic membrane in rat corneal stroma produced an intense neovascularization until the 15th day postoperatively and then regressed, (2) deposition of collagen of the implanted tissue was completed on the 15th day postoperatively, and (3) use of CsA was associated with increase in the corneal neovascularization initially, followed by a quick and intense regression.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

• Dasyprocta prymnolopha agouti kidney vascularization arteries

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Carvalho M.A.M., Azevedo L.M., Menezes D.J.A., Oliveira M.F., Assis Neto A.C., Cardoso F.T.S. & Teixeira M.C.O. 2008. [Anatomical-surgical arterial segments of the kidney in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha).] Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais do rim de cutia (Dasyprocta prymnolopha). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(5):249-252. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: carvalhomam@uol.com.br Twenty pairs of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) kidneys were studied to describe the arterial anatomical-surgical segments. The renal arteries were injected with stained acetate vinyl, followed by procedures of acid corrosion in order to obtain vascular casts. It was found that the renal artery is always single and bifurcated into ventral and dorsal sectorial arteries. The sectorial arteries reached the kidneys (100% of the cases) through the hilus. These vessels gave origin to segmental branches responsible for kidney irrigation. At the right kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (60% of the cases), 4 (35%) and 5 (5%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (30%), 4 (45%), 5 (20%) and 6 (5%) segmental arteries separated by a vascular sector. At the left kidney, the ventral sectorial arteries originated 2 (10%), 3 (55%) or 4 (35%) segmental branches; the dorsal sectorial arteries gave origin to 3 (25%), 4 (50%) and 5 (25%) segmental branches. Based on the arterial distribution of agouti kidneys, independent sections and arterial segments were found, so that it is possible to accomplish partial kidney resection surgery.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vidotti A.P., Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Prado I.M.M. 2008. [Arterial vascularization of the sinoatrial node in swine hearts: origin, distribution and quantification.] Vascularização arterial da região do nó sinoatrial em corações suínos: origem, distribuição e quantificação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):113-118. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: avidotti@usp.br The sinoatrial node, for being topographically installed as the initial component of the conduction system, is responsible for the production of the nervous impulses, which determines the cardiac contraction. There have been made studies related to the node’s morphology in order to know the origin, distribution and quantification of the vases in this tissue, however, in spite of the results and quantitative data of the nodal irrigation - arterial vascular conduct and arterial vascular density, at the nodal level - the literature is scarce. With this objective 27 SRD swine hearts, injected with colored resin for macroscopic analysis of the origin and distribution of ANSA (sinoatrial node artery), 3 others injected with watery solution of colloidal coal (dyed nanquim) were used, to mark the route of the vases on the node level for stereological analysis. The atrial arteries originated as well from the right coronary artery as from the left one, with predominance of the first (66.66% and 33.33%, respectively). When originated from the right coronary artery, there existed the following branches: AADAM (right cranial medial atrial artery) in 14 cases, AADAI (right cranial intermedial atrial artery) in 2 cases, and AADAL (right cranial lateral atrial artery) in 2 cases. In 9 cases (33.33%) the following branches originated from the left coronary artery: 4 through branch AASPL (left caudal lateral atrial artery), 2 through branch AASAI (left cranial intermedial atrial artery) and 3 through branch AASAM (left cranial medial atrial artery). Interarterial anastomoses with vessels responsible for irrigation of the sinoatrial node area were observed in most of the cases (25 hearts). The Volume or Reference Volume (V(ref)) of the hearts were 35.32x104µm3. For the stereological variables analyzed, the estimate density of the vessel length (Lv) was 766; the vessel length (L) - mm - was 27.06x105µm; the area’s surface density (Sv) was 182 and the area’s surface (S) - mm2 - was 64.3x106µm2. The estimate of the vascular numeric density (Nv(vasc)) - total of vessels per unit of volume (cm3) was 2.19 10-5, and the total number of vessels in the organ (N(vasc)), estimated by the physical dissector method in combination with the estimate of the number of Euler (Xv), was 773.6832 x10-2. The raised vascular density and total number of vases in the swine’s sinoatrial node area suggests the existence of a vascular perinodal network complex and dense, ratifying the importance of this mark-pass for its blood supply.

• Heart vascularization sinoatrial node morphometry swine

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Vidotti A.P., Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Prado I.M.M. 2008. [Arterial vascularization of the sinoatrial node in swine hearts: origin, distribution and quantification.] Vascularização arterial da região do nó sinoatrial em corações suínos: origem, distribuição e quantificação. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):113-118. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: avidotti@usp.br The sinoatrial node, for being topographically installed as the initial component of the conduction system, is responsible for the production of the nervous impulses, which determines the cardiac contraction. There have been made studies related to the node’s morphology in order to know the origin, distribution and quantification of the vases in this tissue, however, in spite of the results and quantitative data of the nodal irrigation - arterial vascular conduct and arterial vascular density, at the nodal level - the literature is scarce. With this objective 27 SRD swine hearts, injected with colored resin for macroscopic analysis of the origin and distribution of ANSA (sinoatrial node artery), 3 others injected with watery solution of colloidal coal (dyed nanquim) were used, to mark the route of the vases on the node level for stereological analysis. The atrial arteries originated as well from the right coronary artery as from the left one, with predominance of the first (66.66% and 33.33%, respectively). When originated from the right coronary artery, there existed the following branches: AADAM (right cranial medial atrial artery) in 14 cases, AADAI (right cranial intermedial atrial artery) in 2 cases, and AADAL (right cranial lateral atrial artery) in 2 cases. In 9 cases (33.33%) the following branches originated from the left coronary artery: 4 through branch AASPL (left caudal lateral atrial artery), 2 through branch AASAI (left cranial intermedial atrial artery) and 3 through branch AASAM (left cranial medial atrial artery). Interarterial anastomoses with vessels responsible for irrigation of the sinoatrial node area were observed in most of the cases (25 hearts). The Volume or Reference Volume (V(ref)) of the hearts were 35.32x104µm3. For the stereological variables analyzed, the estimate density of the vessel length (Lv) was 766; the vessel length (L) - mm - was 27.06x105µm; the area’s surface density (Sv) was 182 and the area’s surface (S) - mm2 - was 64.3x106µm2. The estimate of the vascular numeric density (Nv(vasc)) - total of vessels per unit of volume (cm3) was 2.19 10-5, and the total number of vessels in the organ (N(vasc)), estimated by the physical dissector method in combination with the estimate of the number of Euler (Xv), was 773.6832 x10-2. The raised vascular density and total number of vases in the swine’s sinoatrial node area suggests the existence of a vascular perinodal network complex and dense, ratifying the importance of this mark-pass for its blood supply.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Hernandez-Blazquez, F.J. 2007. [Morphometric characteristics of thymus development in dogs.] Características morfométricas do desenvolvimento do timo em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):236-240. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The thymus is an organ with great immunological relevance during foetus life and neonatal period, It is the predecessor of lymphopoiesis and shows high lymphopoietic activity, being also the largest lymphoid organ during intrauterine life and at birth. In this study, the morphological aspects of the prenatal development of dog thymus were described in foetus of different ages and sexes. Twenty-four foetus of mongrel domestic dogs, males and females, were divided into four age groups. The thymus presented two lobes linked by a rose-colored tissue connection that was localized in the cranial mediastinal space. The cranial portion protrudes slightly beyond the first pair of ribs. The cells that formed the thymus parenchyma were well organized. Concentric aggregates named Hassal corpuscles were observed, involved by a thin capsule of connective tissue thickened by adipose tissue. The vessels size gradually increased with the foetus age, being larger in animals that were closer to birth. The volume (Vref) and size parameters of female thymus were larger than in males.

• Thymus vascularization lymphatic system morphometry dogs

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Agreste F.R., Bombonato P.P. & Hernandez-Blazquez, F.J. 2007. [Morphometric characteristics of thymus development in dogs.] Características morfométricas do desenvolvimento do timo em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(6):236-240. Departamento de Cirurgia, Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: bombonat@usp.br The thymus is an organ with great immunological relevance during foetus life and neonatal period, It is the predecessor of lymphopoiesis and shows high lymphopoietic activity, being also the largest lymphoid organ during intrauterine life and at birth. In this study, the morphological aspects of the prenatal development of dog thymus were described in foetus of different ages and sexes. Twenty-four foetus of mongrel domestic dogs, males and females, were divided into four age groups. The thymus presented two lobes linked by a rose-colored tissue connection that was localized in the cranial mediastinal space. The cranial portion protrudes slightly beyond the first pair of ribs. The cells that formed the thymus parenchyma were well organized. Concentric aggregates named Hassal corpuscles were observed, involved by a thin capsule of connective tissue thickened by adipose tissue. The vessels size gradually increased with the foetus age, being larger in animals that were closer to birth. The volume (Vref) and size parameters of female thymus were larger than in males.