PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos A.C., Faccin T.C., Carvalho N.M., Leal P.V., Pott A. & Lemos R.A.A. 2013. [Experimental poisoning by Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) in sheep and induced resistance to consumption of the plant.] Intoxicação experimental por Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) em ovinos e indução de resistência ao consumo da planta. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(3):299-304. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: ricardo.lemos@ufms.br Simarouba versicolor St. Hil. is a semideciduous tree belonging to the Simaroubaceae family. An outbreak of poisoning in cattle by shoots of S. versicolor present in the pasture in Mato Grosso do Sul and experimental reproduction of the poisoning was described. This study aimed to verify experimentally whether sheep could be used as a clinical-pathological model in the study of the poisoning caused by S. versicolor, to determine if there develops resistance induced by ingestion of small and repeated doses of the leaves, and if the plant keeps its toxicity when dried. Two experiments were conducted: Experiment 1 with green leaves or dried and powdered leave of S. versicolor, given in single doses of 5g/kg, 5g/kg and 3g/kg to three sheep (Sheep 1, 2 and 3 respectively). Experiment 2 was made with different daily doses of dried and powdered leaves of S. versicolor; to four sheep was given 1.5g/kg, 0.75g/kg, 0.6g/kg and 0.3g/kg, and the positive control (Sheep 4) received 3g/kg. The administration was suspended when the animals showed clinical signs of poisoning. After twelve days of recovery, the surviving sheep were challenged with the same daily dose given previously, to assess the development of resistance. Clinical signs observed in both experiments were characterized by anorexia, congested ocular mucosa, polydipsia, drooling, loose stools which evolved into fetid greenish watery diarrhea, lateral decumbency and death of Sheep 1 to 7. The main histological lesions observed were necrosis of lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches) and necrotizing enteritis. With the results it can be concluded that sheep can be used as experimental model for the clinic-pathological aspects of poisoning by S. versicolor. The method used has not shown resistance to the daily consumption of the plant by the sheep, and the leaves kept their toxicity when dried.

• Poisonous plants Simarouba versicolor Simaroubaceae plant poisoning plantas tóxicas intoxicação por plantas

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Santos A.C., Faccin T.C., Carvalho N.M., Leal P.V., Pott A. & Lemos R.A.A. 2013. [Experimental poisoning by Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) in sheep and induced resistance to consumption of the plant.] Intoxicação experimental por Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) em ovinos e indução de resistência ao consumo da planta. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(3):299-304. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: ricardo.lemos@ufms.br Simarouba versicolor é uma árvore semidecídua pertencente à família Simaroubaceae. Um surto de intoxicação por S. versicolor em bovinos por brotos da planta presente no pasto em Mato Grosso do Sul e sua reprodução experimental foram descritos. Esse estudo teve por objetivos verificar experimentalmente se os ovinos podem ser utilizados como modelo clínico-patológico no estudo da intoxicação por Simarouba versicolor St. Hil. (fam. Simaroubaceae), determinar se há indução de resistência pela ingestão de pequenas e repetidas doses e, se a planta mantém sua toxicidade quando dessecada. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro com folhas verdes ou folhas dessecadas e trituradas de S. versicolor em doses únicas de 5g/kg, 5g/kg e 3g/kg a três ovinos (Ovino 1, 2 e 3 respectivamente). O experimento 2, foi realizado com diferentes doses diárias de folhas dessecadas e trituradas de S. versicolor em quatro ovinos que receberam 1,5g/kg, 0,75g/kg, 0,6g/kg e 0,3g/kg e, com um ovino que recebeu 3g/kg como controle positivo (Ovino 4). A administração foi suspensa quando os ovinos apresentaram sinais clínicos da intoxicação. Após doze dias de recuperação, os animais sobreviventes foram desafiados com a mesma dose diária da planta ingerida anteriormente para avaliar o desenvolvimento de resistência. Os sinais clínicos observados nos dois experimentos caracterizaram-se por anorexia, mucosas oculares congestas, polidipsia, sialorreia, fezes pastosas que evoluíram para diarreia líquida fétida esverdeada, decúbito lateral e morte para os Ovinos 1 a 7. As principais lesões histológicas observadas foram necrose do tecido linfoide (linfonodos, baço, placas de Peyer) e enterite necrosante. Com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os ovinos podem ser utilizados como modelo experimental clínico-patológico na intoxicação por S. versicolor. Com o método utilizado, não houve resistência ao consumo diário de folhas da planta pelos ovinos e, as folhas mantiveram sua toxicidade quando dessecadas.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ubiali D.G., Silva R.G.F., Oliveira L.P., Moraes L.G., Caldeira F.H.B., Pescador C.A. & Colodel E.M. 2013. [Intestinal obstruction in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae).] Obstrução intestinal em bovinos causada pelo consumo de Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(2):148-154. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br The clinical and pathological findings of intestinal obstruction caused by phytobezoars in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. on three farms in Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. The morbidity varied from 3.3 to 15% and the mortality was 100%. The animals stayed on pastures with predominance of Stylosanthes sp. for at least 60 days. The overall clinical picture was apathy followed by episodes of diarrhea or reduced feces and separation from the herd. Individual clinical signs were abdominal colic characterized by anorexia, discomfort, gastrointestinal hypomotility, dehydration, increased abdominal size, sweating, vocalization, sternal or lateral recumbence with the head on the flank. The clinical course lasted from 2 to 7 days. At necropsy, duodenal or pyloric obstruction was caused by ovoid phytobezoars of 2-4cm diameter; in the area of obstruction friable intestinal tissue with intense swelling, congestion, edema, and reddish mucosa was found. The rumen, abomasum and duodenum proximal to the site of obstruction was filled with greenish liquid, and absence of food contents was observed distally to the phytobezoars. Histologically, at the site of obstruction, the duodenum exhibited diffuse necrosis of the mucosal surface, thickening of the wall by submucosal edema, neutrophilic infiltration, fibrin deposition, necrosis of smooth muscle fibers, and marked congestion or hemorrhage. Pasture with the predominance of Stylosanthes sp. is a serious problem due to the possibility of phytobezoar formation, thus leading to intestinal obstruction and high mortality rates in cattle.

• Stylosanthes sp. Fabaceae Papilionoideae

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ubiali D.G., Silva R.G.F., Oliveira L.P., Moraes L.G., Caldeira F.H.B., Pescador C.A. & Colodel E.M. 2013. [Intestinal obstruction in cattle consuming Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae).] Obstrução intestinal em bovinos causada pelo consumo de Stylosanthes sp. (Fabaceae Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(2):148-154. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever, em três propriedades rurais no Estado de Mato Grosso, a epidemiologia, o quadro clínico e o patológico da obstrução intestinal por fitobezoares em bovinos que pastoreavam em piquetes com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. pelo menos 60 dias. A morbidade variou de 3,3% a 15% e a mortalidade foi de 100%. O quadro clínico foi de cólica abdominal caracterizado por apatia, anorexia, inquietação, desconforto, sudorese e vocalização, seguido por episódios de diarreia ou diminuição da produção fecal, desidratação, hipomotilidade gastrintestinal, aumento do volume abdominal, decúbito esternal ou lateral com a cabeça voltada para o flanco e morte. O curso clínico foi de 2-7 dias. A principal alteração notada durante a necropsia dos bovinos foi a obstrução intestinal por fitobezoar ovoide de 2-5 cm de diâmetro, frequentemente no duodeno, próximo ao piloro, ocasionalmente em sua porção média. Na área de obstrução notou-se a necrose da parede intestinal que estava enegrecida e intensamente demarcada em relação a segmento adjacente normal, além de intenso espessamento associado a edema, congestão e hemorragia. O abomaso e os segmentos intestinais anteriores a obstrução apresentavam-se repletos de conteúdo alimentar líquido e posteriormente estava com ausência de conteúdo. O rúmen frequentemente tinha grande quantidade de conteúdo liquido a pastoso. Em todos os bovinos necropsiados múltiplas estruturas sólidas, arredondadas ou ovoides, esverdeadas (fitobezoares) foram observadas no abomaso. Estes achados indicam que pastagens com predomínio de Stylosanthes sp. predispõem a formação de fitobezoares, os quais podem levar à obstrução intestinal e morte em bovinos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brum J.S., Martins T.B., Tessele B., Giaretta P.R., Riet-Correa F. & Barros C.S.L. 2012. [Dermatitis associated with consumption of defatted rice bran in cattle.] Dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengordurado em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(7):627-632. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Dermatitis has been observed in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul, in cattle supplemented with defatted rice bran in an amounts equivalent to 1% of body weight. An outbreak of dermatitis in cattle associated with consumption of defatted rice bran in Rio Grande do Sul, is herein described. Out of a total of 26 3-year-old cattle consuming this ration, seven had lesions that were observed after 24 days on the ration. The lesions were observed in the distal hind limbs and were characterized by areas of alopecia with marked thickening of the epidermis with crust formation imparting a thicken and fissured aspect to the skin. The histological lesions observed in these cases were characterized as moderate superficial perivascular chronic dermatitis focally extensive, with irregular acanthosis and serocellular crusting. The gross lesions observed, together with epidemiological data, allow for a diagnosis of dermatitis associated with the consumption of defatted rice bran. Histologic changes, although not pathognomonic, are typically described in this disease.

• Skin diseases dermatitis hypersensitivity rice bran dermatopatias dermatite hipersensibilidade farelo de arroz

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Brum J.S., Martins T.B., Tessele B., Giaretta P.R., Riet-Correa F. & Barros C.S.L. 2012. [Dermatitis associated with consumption of defatted rice bran in cattle.] Dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengordurado em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(7):627-632. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Dermatite tem sido observada em bovinos no Uruguai e no Rio Grande do Sul que são suplementados com farelo de arroz desengordurado em quantidade equivalente a 1% do peso corporal. Descreve-se um surto de dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengordurado em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Do total de 26 bovinos, com três anos de idade, sete apresentaram lesões que foram observadas após 24 dias de ingestão da ração de farelo de arroz desengordurado. As lesões eram observadas na extremidade distal dos membros posteriores e se caracterizavam por áreas de alopecia, com acentuado espessamento da epiderme, formando crostas secas, espessas e fissuradas. A lesão histológica observada nestes casos foi caracterizada como dermatite perivascular superficial crônica focalmente extensa moderada, com acantose irregular e formação de crosta serocelular. As lesões macro e microscópicas observadas, juntamente com os dados epidemiológicos, permitem concluir o diagnóstico de dermatite associada ao consumo de farelo de arroz desengordurado. As lesões histológicas, embora não patognomônicas, são descritas nesta doença.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mesquita L.P., Abreu C.C., Nogueira C.I., Pavarini S.P., Seixas J.N., Varaschin M.S., Bezerra Jr P.S. & Wouters F. 2012. [Outbreak of primary abomasal impaction in dairy cattle associated with consumption of sunflower silage.] Surto de compactação primária de abomaso em bovinos leiteiros associado ao consumo de silagem de girassol. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):510-514. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil. E-mail: flademir@dmv.ufla.br An outbreak of primary abomasal impaction associated with consumption of sunflower silage occurred in a dairy cattle herd from the state of Minas Gerais. Six of 21 dry cows in late pregnancy fed with sunflower silage died. Cattle that became ill presented abdominal distension and scant and dried feces. In the animals that died, severe dehydration, pale mucous membranes, dark, sticky and stinking feces were seen. Three cows were necropsied and the main pathological findings consisted of severe abomasal distension associated with a large quantity of dried alimentary content covered by bloody clots. Ulcers were found in abomasum, with perforation in one cow. Feeding cattle with high nutritional needs, with sunflower silage of undesirable characteristics as unique source of roughage was the main cause for the abomasal impaction.

• Abomasal impaction sunflower silage compactação de abomaso silagem de girassol

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Mesquita L.P., Abreu C.C., Nogueira C.I., Pavarini S.P., Seixas J.N., Varaschin M.S., Bezerra Jr P.S. & Wouters F. 2012. [Outbreak of primary abomasal impaction in dairy cattle associated with consumption of sunflower silage.] Surto de compactação primária de abomaso em bovinos leiteiros associado ao consumo de silagem de girassol. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(6):510-514. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil. E-mail: flademir@dmv.ufla.br Um surto de compactação primária de abomaso associada ao consumo de silagem de girassol ocorreu num rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado de Minas Gerais, do qual seis de 21 vacas secas em fase final de gestação e que recebiam silagem de girassol morreram. Os bovinos que adoeceram apresentaram distensão abdominal, fezes ressecadas e escassas e, nos bovinos que morreram, eram pastosas, escuras e fétidas; nesses havia também desidratação acentuada e palidez de mucosas. Três bovinos foram necropsiados e os achados patológicos eram constituídos principalmente por distensão acentuada do abomaso associada a grande quantidade de conteúdo alimentar ressecado coberto por coágulos de sangue. No abomaso havia úlceras, com perfuração da parede em um dos bovinos. A alimentação de bovinos de maior exigência nutricional com silagem de girassol de características indesejáveis como única fonte de volumoso foi o principal fator para a compactação de abomaso nos casos apresentados.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Sonne L., Raymundo D.L., Boabaid F.M., Watanabe T.T.N., Oliveira L.G.S., Vaz Jr I.S. & Driemeier D. 2011. [Pathological and immunohistochemical findings in cattle affected by systemic granulomatous disease by consumption Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) in Rio Grande do Sul.] Achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em bovinos com doença granulomatosa sistêmica pelo consumo de Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(4):307-312. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br The systemic granulomatous disease associated with consumption of Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae family) has been diagnosed in 5 cattle from 2005 to 2008. Affected cattle showed alopecia, crusted lesions on the skin, had itching, fever, decreased milk yield, anorexia and wasting. Average clinical course was 2 weeks. Three cattle died and two were euthanized in extremis. The main gross changes are alopecic and crusts in the skin, mainly on the face and neck. There also were multifocal to coalescent whitish nodules that infiltrated several organs, but especially lymph nodes, kidneys and hearth. Microscopic changes consisted of infiltration with lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells, giant multinucleated cells, eosinophils, and plasmocytes. Lymph nodes, kidneys, adrenal gland, spleen and liver from affected cattle showed varying degrees of granulomatous infiltration. Immunohistochemical procedures on samples from affected organs revealed that T-lymphocytes and macrophages/epithelioid cells/giant multinucleated cells were the main components of the inflammatory infiltrates, B-lymphocytes were only rarely seen within. The reduced numbers of cells marked by Ki-67 in the granulomatous lesions would indicate that cell proliferation was not responsible for the hypercellularity in the lesions and that rather the recruitment of macrophages and lymphocytes to the site inflammation probably accounted for the building up of the local cellular inflammatory infiltrate.

• Poisonous plants Vicia villosa Leguminosae Papilionoideae plant poisoning plantas tóxicas Leg. Papilionoideae intoxicação por planta

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Sonne L., Raymundo D.L., Boabaid F.M., Watanabe T.T.N., Oliveira L.G.S., Vaz Jr I.S. & Driemeier D. 2011. [Pathological and immunohistochemical findings in cattle affected by systemic granulomatous disease by consumption Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) in Rio Grande do Sul.] Achados patológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em bovinos com doença granulomatosa sistêmica pelo consumo de Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(4):307-312. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br A doença granulomatosa sistêmica associada ao consumo de Vicia villosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) foi diagnosticada em 5 bovinos no período de 2005 a 2008. Os bovinos apresentavam alopecia, lesões crostosas na pele, prurido, febre, queda da produção leiteira, anorexia e emagrecimento. O curso clínico médio da doença foi de 2 semanas. Dos bovinos analisados três morreram e dois foram eutanasiados. As lesões macroscópicas de alopecia e crostas na pele eram localizadas principalmente na face e pescoço. Observava-se nódulos multifocais a coalescentes branco-acinzentados que infiltravam vários órgãos especialmente em linfonodos, rins e coração. As lesões microscópicas consistiam na infiltração de linfócitos, macrófagos, células epitelioides, células gigantes multinucleadas, eosinófilos e plasmócitos. Linfonodos, rins, adrenal, baço e fígado de todos os bovinos apresentaram infiltrado granulomatoso, porém de intensidade variável. Nos testes imuno-histoquímicos dos órgãos com infiltrado inflamatório, as principais células visualizadas foram os linfócitos T, seguidos de macrófagos/células epitelioides/células gigantes multinucleadas e os linfócitos B foram raramente detectados nos locais de inflamação granulomatosa. O número reduzido de células marcadas por Ki-67 nas lesões granulomatosas, tende a indicar que a proliferação celular não foi responsável pela hipercelularidade das lesões e que o recrutamento de macrófagos e linfócitos para o local da inflamação provavelmente tenha sido o responsável pelo acúmulo de células no infiltrado inflamatório.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pedroso P.M.O., Oliveira L.G.S., Cruz C.E.F., Soares M.P., Barreto L.R.B. & Driemeier D. 2010. [Lysosomal storage disease caused by Sida carpinifolia in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul.] Doença do armazenamento lisossomal induzida pelo consumo de Sida carpinifolia em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(10):833-838. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br This paper reports the natural poisoning by Sida carpinifolia (guanxuma, chá-da-índia) in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Five cattle were affected in the period 2001-2008. Clinical signs included weight loss, incoordination, walking difficulty, generalized tremors, frequent falls, and death. Microscopically, the main changes were vacuolation of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum, pancreatic acinar cells, and thyroid follicular cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed vacuoles bordered by membrane containing finely granular material. Lectin histochemistry showed positive staining in neurons with the lectins Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), and Succinyl Triticum vulgaris (sWGA).

• Poisonous plants Sida carpinifolia Malvaceae plant poisoning cattle lysosomal storage disease lectin histochemistry plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta doença do armazenamento lisossomal lectina-histoquímica

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pedroso P.M.O., Oliveira L.G.S., Cruz C.E.F., Soares M.P., Barreto L.R.B. & Driemeier D. 2010. [Lysosomal storage disease caused by Sida carpinifolia in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul.] Doença do armazenamento lisossomal induzida pelo consumo de Sida carpinifolia em bovinos do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(10):833-838. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: davetpat@ufrgs.br Relata-se a intoxicação natural por Sida carpinifolia (guanxuma, chá-da-índia) em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram afetados cinco bovinos no período 2001-2008. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por emagrecimento, incoordenação, dificuldade de locomoção, tremores generalizados, quedas frequentes e morte. Microscopicamente, as principais alterações foram vacuolização dos neurônios de Purkinje do cerebelo, das células acinares do pâncreas e das células foliculares da tireoide. A microscopia eletrônica evidenciou vacúolos com conteúdo finamente granulado e delimitado por membrana. Na lectina-histoquímica, observou-se marcação em neurônios com as lectinas Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A), Triticum vulgaris (WGA) e Succinyl Triticum vulgaris (sWGA).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pessoa C.R.M., Medeiros R.M.T., Pessoa A.F.A., Araújo J.A., Dantas A.F.M., Silva-Castro M.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. [Diarrhea in goats associated with the ingestion of Arrabidaea corallina (Bignoniaceae).] Diarreia em caprinos associada ao consumo de Arrabidaea corallina (Bignoniaceae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(7):547-550. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB, Brazil. E-mail: rmtmed@uol.com.br An outbreak of poisoning by Arrabidaea corallina (Jacq.) Sandw. (Fam. Bignoniaceae) in goats is reported, which occurred in the municipality of Boqueirão, semiarid of Paraíba, during the dry season. In a flock of 550 goats, older than one year of age, 56 (10%) were affected and 6 (1%) died. Clinical signs were diarrhea, increased ruminal movements and depression. The goats recovered after being moved to another paddock. The pasture had low forage availability and large amounts of A. corallina was the only other green plant observed. One goat was necropsied. The gut had liquid, fetid and blackish content, and showed catarrhal enteritis. Histology revealed acute, diffuse and moderate enteritis. Eimeria sp. was also observed. Non significant macroscopic or histological lesions were seen in other tissues. The disease was experimentally reproduced in four goats after the administration of fresh leaves of A. corallina, at 3-6 daily doses of 15g per kg of body weight. The animals showed diarrhea 3-4 days after the beginning of administration and recovered 5-6 days afterwards. It is concluded that the plant is responsible for the outbreak of diarrhea in goats, but parasitic disease or malnutrition can be contributing factors to the animal death. Goats should be withdrawn from paddocks with A. corallina if during the dry seasons no other forage is available.

• Poisonous plants Arrabidaea corallina Bignoniaceae plant poisoning plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pessoa C.R.M., Medeiros R.M.T., Pessoa A.F.A., Araújo J.A., Dantas A.F.M., Silva-Castro M.M. & Riet-Correa F. 2010. [Diarrhea in goats associated with the ingestion of Arrabidaea corallina (Bignoniaceae).] Diarreia em caprinos associada ao consumo de Arrabidaea corallina (Bignoniaceae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(7):547-550. Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, 58700-000 Patos, PB, Brazil. E-mail: rmtmed@uol.com.br Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação natural por Arrabidaea corallina (Jacq.) Sandw. (fam. Bignoniaceae) em caprinos no Município de Boqueirão, semiárido da Paraíba, durante a estação seca. De um rebanho de 550 caprinos maiores de um ano foram afetados 56 (10%) e morreram 6 (1%), com sinais clínicos de diarreia, aumento dos movimentos ruminais e depressão. Os demais animais se recuperaram após serem retirados da pastagem. O rebanho alimentava-se de pastagem nativa e nesse período dispunham de pouca forragem. Todavia, A. corallina era a única planta invasora que se mantinha verde e existia em grande quantidade. Um caprino afetado foi necropsiado. O intestino delgado apresentava conteúdo liquefeito, fétido e enegrecido e alterações de enterite catarral. Ao exame histológico observou-se enterite aguda, difusa e moderada, ocasionalmente com presença de Eimeria sp. Não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou microscópicas significativas em outros órgãos. A doença foi reproduzida experimentalmente em 4 caprinos após administração das folhas frescas de A. corallina em 3-6 doses diárias de 15g por kg de peso animal. Os caprinos apresentaram diarreia 3-4 dias após o início da ingestão e se recuperaram 5-6 dias após o final da administração. Conclui-se que o consumo de A. corallina é responsável pela ocorrência da doença em caprinos a campo. No entanto outras doenças como a infestação parasitária e a desnutrição podem contribuir para causar a morte dos animais. Recomenda-se a retirada de caprinos de áreas invadidas por A. corallina quando, em consequência de estiagem, não houver outra forragem disponível.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

• Aspergillus clavatus cattle beer residues neurotoxicosis chromatolysis neuronal

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bezerra Jr P.S., Raymundo D.L., Spanamberg A., Corrêa A.M.R., Bangel Jr J.J., Ferreiro L. & Driemeier D. 2009. [Neurotoxicosis in cattle associated with consumption of beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus.] Neurotoxicose em bovinos associada ao consumo de bagaço de malte contaminado por Aspergillus clavatus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):220-228. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: bezerraj@ufla.br Two outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting herds of dairy cattle that were fed moldy beer residues contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the county of Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. The morbidity of both outbreaks was 30% and the lethality 50% and 100%. The clinical course varied from 5 to 64 days. Only one of the animals that recovered from the disease remained with slight locomotor sequels. Clinical signs were predominantly locomotor and included muscle tremors of varied intensity, hyperesthesia and progressive posterior ataxia, paresis and paralysis with knuckling of fetlocks of the hind limbs. Gait abnormalities were more pronounced after exercises which in general led to falling down. There was also reduced milk production, but appetite and water intake were maintained until close to death or euthanasia. From five cattle necropsied, two showed macroscopic lesions characterized by necrotic changes and mineralization in pelvic muscles and thoracic limbs. The main histological findings consisted of chromatolytic neuronal degeneration and necrosis in selected nuclei of the brain stem, the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and of the trigeminal, stellate celiac and spinal ganglions. In two cattle there was wallerian degeneration in dorsal funiculi of the spinal cord and ischiadic and fibular nerves. The diagnosis was based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, necropsy findings, histological lesions and mycological examination. Epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic aspects, pathogenetic mechanisms and differential diagnoses are discussed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.

• Poisonous plants Pteridium aquilinum plant poisoning bovine papillomavirus type 4 squamous cell carcinoma diseases of cattle pathology.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Moreira Souto M.A., Kommers G.D., Barros C.S.L., Piazer J.V.M., Rech R.R., Riet-Correa F. & Schild A.L. 2006. [Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum).] Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):112-122. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: glaukommers@yahoo.com Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping criteria, but considering the total number of times SCCs of varied extensions were diagnosed in the cranial, middle, and caudal regions, the percentages changed to 34%, 26%, and 40%, respectively. The epidemiological and histomorphological evidences found in this study are in agreement with the observations that point out the co-carcinogenesis between bovine papillomavirus type 4 infection and chemicals of bracken fern in the pathogenesis of the SCCs in the UDT of cattle. However, the presence of pre-neoplastic changes and SCCs in situ or in early stages of development, independently of the presence of papillomas, clearly indicates the possibility of development of SCCs from normal epithelium, probably due to the direct action of the chemical carcinogens contained in bracken fern.

Abstract in English:

A Chlamydia agent was isolated from 14 (70%) samples of organs and carcasses of slaughtered water buffaloes identified as Chlamydia by its morphological and staining characteristics, its pathogenic effect on chicken embryos. It was characterized as Chlamydia psittaci by the direct immunofluorescence test. In the isolation experiment, the serial passages system of inoculation from organs to the yolk sac of embryonated chicken was used, and 3 passages were made for each sample. The identification and characterization of isolates were made by the observation of typical cytoplasmatic inclusions in smears of the yolk sac membrane of embryos after inoculation and impressions of lesioned organs, stained by Giemsa, Macchiavello and Castañeda methods and by the fluorescence antibodies technique. Twenty samples of organs and carcass of water buffaloes that presented inflammation of the serosa in one or more of the lungs, liver and heart were studied. The lung was the organ with greatest number of isolates (8), followed by brain (6), liver (5) and heart (2). A significant correlation between the macroscopic lesions and the positive fluorescence of the agent in the correspondent inoculum was observed in the lung.

• Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydiosis poliserositis water buffaloes

Abstract in Portuguese:

Um agente clamidiano foi isolado de 14 (70%) amostras de órgãos e carcaças de bubalinos abatidos para consumo e identificado como Chlamydia através de suas características morfológicas, tintorias e efeito patogênico para o embrião de galinha e caracterizado como Chlamydia psittaci no teste de imunofluorescência direta. No isolamento foi utilizado o sistema de passagens seriadas de inóculos de órgãos no saco vitelíno de ovos embrionados de galinha tendo sido executadas três passagens para cada amostra. A identificação e caracterização dos microrganismos isolados foi feita através de observação de inclusões citoplasmáticas típicas em esfregaços de membrana vitelina de ovos embrionados pós-inoculação e em impressões de órgãos lesados, corados pelo método de Giemsa, Macchiavello e Castañeda, e através do teste de imunofluorescência para Chlamydia psittaci. Foram estudadas 20 amostras de órgãos e carcaça de bubalinos que apresentavam processo de inflamação de serosa em um ou mais dos seguintes órgãos - pulmão, coração e fígado. O pulmão foi o órgão do qual se obteve maior número de isolados 8, seguido do cérebro, 6, fígado, 5 e coração 2. No caso do pulmão observou-se uma significativa correlação entre as lesões macroscópicas destes órgãos estudados e a imunofluorescência positiva para o agente, nos inóculos correspondentes.

• Chlamydia psittaci clamidiose polisserosite búfalo