PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barros M.R., Costa M.M., França C.A., Saukas T.N., Silva L.B.G., Silva V.A.S., Cavalcante R.V. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Resistance of Staphylococcus spp., to antimicrobials isolated from broilers and commercial layers in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.] Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus spp., isolados de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):672-676. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Recife, PE 52171900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com This study had the objective of researching Staphylococcus spp. on healthy broilers and commercial broilers and layers, with clinical respiratory signs. Swabs were taken from the infraorbital sinus of 55 healthy broilers, 35 with respiratory signs and 30 commercial layers also with respiratory signs. Each sample was composed of a pool of five birds, totaling 24 collected samples from 24 commercial flocks. The bacteriological exam was used for the isolation, with a later evaluation of the morphological, tintorial and biochemical characteristics to determine the species. The production of hemolysis, formation of a biofilm in Congo Red Agar, detection of the gene mecA by the PCR and susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial drugs, was verified. From the 24 processed samples, 16 Staphylococcus spp. were obtained isolates, five samples were coagulasis-positive (SCP) and 11 coagulasis-negative (SCN). As to hemolysis and the formation of biofilm tests three samples presented themselves to be hemolytic and six were positive, respectively. In the PCR evaluation for the detection of the mecA gene, all isolates showed negative results. It was observed that 15 E coli isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics, and that the associated drugs presented better sensibility. The resistance to antimicrobials and biofilm productive strains can interfere in the therapeutic response of birds that present clinical signs.

• Staphylococus spp. antimicrobial resistance resistência antimicrobiana

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Barros M.R., Costa M.M., França C.A., Saukas T.N., Silva L.B.G., Silva V.A.S., Cavalcante R.V. & Mota R.A. 2011. [Resistance of Staphylococcus spp., to antimicrobials isolated from broilers and commercial layers in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.] Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de Staphylococcus spp., isolados de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(8):672-676. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Recife, PE 52171900, Brazil. E-mail: rinaldo.mota@hotmail.com Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de pesquisar Staphylococcus spp. de frangos de corte sadios e frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais que apresentassem sinais clínicos respiratórios. Foram colhidos swabs dos seios infra-orbitários de 55 frangos de corte sadios, 35 com sinais respiratórios, e 30 poedeiras comerciais também com sinais respiratórios. Cada amostra foi composta por um “pool” de cinco aves, totalizando 24 amostras coletadas de 24 granjas comerciais. Para o isolamento foi utilizado o exame bacteriológico, com posterior avaliação das características morfológicas, tintoriais e bioquímica para determinação da espécie. Verificou-se a produção de hemólise, formação de biofilme em ágar Vermelho Congo (ACR), detecção do gene mecA pela PCR e avaliação da suscetibilidade a 13 drogas antimicrobianas. Das 24 amostras processadas, foram isolados 16 Staphylococcus, cinco isolados foram coagulase-positiva (SCP) e 11 coagulase-negativa (SCN), e nos testes de hemólise e formação de biofilme, três isolados apresentaram-se hemolíticos e seis foram positivos, respectivamente. Na avaliação por meio da PCR, para detecção do gene mecA todos os isolados apresentaram resultados negativo. Observaram-se que 15 isolados foram resistentes a cinco ou mais antibióticos, e que as drogas associadas apresentaram melhor perfil de sensibilidade. A resistência a antimicrobianos e cepas produtoras de biofilme podem interferir na resposta terapêutica de aves que apresentam sinais clínicos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Rangel P. & Marin J.M. 2009. Analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitic milk. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):363-368. Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil. E-mail: jmmarin@forp.usp.br Mastitis has been recognized for some time as the most costly disease in dairy herds. From February to November 2004, 670 samples of bovine mastitic milk from which 231 Escherichia coli strains were isolated, were collected from two Brazilian states. The strains were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twenty (8.6%) strains were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (8 the stx 1 gene, 12 the stx 2 gene and none both of them). Two (0.8%) of the Escherichia coli strains studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. The strains were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. The predominantly observed resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), streptomycin (90.4%), nalidixic acid (88.3%), amikacin (86.5%) and cephalothin (84.8%). Multidrug resistance was found among 152 isolates (65.8%).

• Escherichia coli mastitis antimicrobial agents multidrug resistance eae gene mastite agentes antimicrobianos resistência a antimicrobianos gene eae.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Rangel P. & Marin J.M. 2009. Analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitic milk. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):363-368. Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Campus USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil. E-mail: jmmarin@forp.usp.br Mastitis has been recognized for some time as the most costly disease in dairy herds. From February to November 2004, 670 samples of bovine mastitic milk from which 231 Escherichia coli strains were isolated, were collected from two Brazilian states. The strains were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twenty (8.6%) strains were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (8 the stx 1 gene, 12 the stx 2 gene and none both of them). Two (0.8%) of the Escherichia coli strains studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. The strains were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. The predominantly observed resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), streptomycin (90.4%), nalidixic acid (88.3%), amikacin (86.5%) and cephalothin (84.8%). Multidrug resistance was found among 152 isolates (65.8%).

Abstract in English:

The diarrheic processes caused by pathogenic enterobacteria are of great economicsanitary importance, with limiting effects on cattle raising. In the present study 106 fecal samples from 52 diarrheic and 54 non-diarrheic calves aged 1 to 90 days were analyzed, in arder to determine the occurrence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Salmonella sp among calves reared in the agreste region of the state of Pernambuco and to determine the behavior of the isolates in response to 16 antimicrobial agents. The strains were cultured in selective media and submitted to biochemical characterization, serologic identification and detection of heat-stable enterotoxin. E. coli was isolated from all 106 calves studied and five of these strains (4,7%) were proclucers of heat-stable enterotoxin. Salmonellasp was isolated from six (5,7%) samples belonging to serovars Dublin, Muenchen and Infantis. The Salmonella strains were highly sensitive to the drngs tested, whereas the E. co/istrains were more resistent to tetracycline (50,9%), sulfonamide (40,6%), streptomycin (35,9%) and ampicillin (22,6%). Particularly outstancling in the general analysis was the multiresistance of E. coli (52,0%), with a predominance of the tetracycline-sulfonamide association. The present results serve as a warning regarding the incliscriminated use of antimicrobial agents. Low percentages of ETEC and Salmonella in calves show the necessity of other diagnostic procedures to clarify the etiology.

• Diarrheia calves Escherichia coli Salmonella sp

Abstract in Portuguese:

Os processos diarréicos acarretados por enterobactérias patogênicas têm sido incriminados como de grande importância econômica-sanitária, desempenhando um papel limitante na criação de bezerros. Com o objetivo de estudar a ocorrência de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica e Salmonella sp em bezerros no agreste meridional de Pernambuco e o compottamento dos isolados frente aos antimicrobianos, foram analisadas 106 amostras fecais provenientes de 52 bezerros diarréicos e 54 não diarréicos de 1 a 90 dias de idade. O cultivo das amostras foi realizado em meios seletivos com posterior caracterização bioquímica, identificação sorológica e detecção de enterotoxina termoestável. Para verificação do comportamento dos isolados, foram selecionados 16 antimicrobianos. E. coli foi isolada dos 106 bezerros estudados, sendo cinco (4,7%) produtoras de enterotoxina termoestável e, Salmonella isolada de seis (5,7%) amostras pertencentes aos sorovares Dublin, Muenchen e Infantis. As amostras de Salmonella demonstraram uma elevada sensibilidade frente as drogas testadas, enquanto que as de E. coli revelaram maior resistência à tetraciclina (50,9%); sulfonamida (40,6%); estreptomicina (35,9%) e ampicilina (22,6%). No cômputo geral destaca-se a multirresistência de E. coli (52%), predominando a associação tetraciclina-sulfonamida. Face aos resultados auferidos adverte-se quanto ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos. Os baixos percentuais de ETEC e Salinonella salientam a necessidade de outros procedimentos de diagnóstico visando esclarecer a etiologia das diarréias.

• Diarréia bezerros Eschericbia coli Salmonella sp