Resultado da pesquisa (753)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa age
#31 - Oral metformin for type-2 diabetes mellitus treatment in a black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata)
Abstract in English:
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and combined peripheral resistance to the hormone. Several non-human primates (NHP) species develop T2DM, mainly captive animals with reduced physical activity and incorrect feeding. This case report describes the T2DM treatment of a black-eared marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) by diet reformulation and metformin oral administration. An adult female was diagnosed with T2DM after hyperglycemia and high serum fructosamine associated with glycosuria and obesity. Metformin hydrochloride (125mg/animal, orally, q24h) associated with feeding intervention was started. After 26 days, a significant reduction in weight, glycemia, and serum fructosamine could be observed, showing satisfactory results for the adopted therapy. Metformin is considered a safe drug for T2DM treatment due to its low hypoglycemia risk. The new diet consisted of sweet potato, squash, and varied fruits offered twice daily. In addition, thawed-mice newborns, egg whites, and small portions of pelleted primate food. In the present report, metformin use, associated with a low glycemic index diet, was effective in treating this particular marmoset and may present a potential for T2DM treatment in other NHPs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) caracteriza-se por uma combinação de defeitos na secreção de insulina e resistência periférica ao hormônio. Diversas espécies de primatas não humanos (PNH) desenvolvem DM2, sobretudo animais cativos com atividade física reduzida e alimentados incorretamente. Este trabalho descreve o tratamento de DM2 em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata), através da reformulação da dieta e administração oral de metformina. Uma fêmea adulta foi diagnosticada com DM2 após apresentar hiperglicemia e frutosaminemia elevadas associadas à glicosúria e à obesidade. Iniciou-se o uso do cloridrato de metformina (125mg/animal, VO, SID) associado ao controle de consumo alimentar com ajustes da dieta. Após 26 dias pode-se observar redução significativa de peso, adequação da glicemia e frutosaminemia, constatando resultado satisfatório da terapêutica adotada. A metformina é considerada um medicamento seguro para o tratamento de DM2, devido ao baixo risco de hipoglicemia. A base da nova dieta era batata-doce, abóbora e frutas variadas oferecidas duas vezes ao dia. Além disso, camundongos recém-nascidos descongelados, clara de ovo e pequenas porções de ração primata peletizada. No presente relato, a metformina associada a uma dieta com baixo índice glicêmico, foi eficaz para tratamento de DM2 podendo apresentar potencial terapêutico de DM2 em outros PNH.
#32 - Histopathological characterization and analysis of cell proliferation in 162 cases of canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors in Brazil
Abstract in English:
here are limited publications about canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCT). International studies have shown that subcutaneous MCT has longer survival times than cutaneous MCT, with lower recurrence and metastasis rates. In addition, subcutaneous MCT has a specific histopathological classification (circumscribed, combined, or infiltrative pattern). Our study evaluated 162 cases of subcutaneous MCT diagnosed from 2014 to 2017 in Brazil. The mean age of the animals was 8.6 years, with a predominance of females and higher incidence in dogs with mixed breed (n=40), followed by Boxer (n=20), Labrador Retriever (n=14), Golden Retriever (n=11) and Pug (n=10). Regarding histopathological characterization, the most common infiltrative pattern represented 54.3% of cases, followed by circumscribed (34.8%) and combined (11%) patterns. The mean mitotic index (MI) was 1.04, with 93.9% of cases presenting MI≤4 and 53.1% MI=0. The data found in this Brazilian study regarding subcutaneous MCT does not differ from those described in American studies, suggesting similar genetic and epidemiological factors. The evaluated proliferation indices suggest that subcutaneous MCT presents slow progression and should be evaluated as a distinct form of cutaneous MCT.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Há poucas informações prognósticas sobre o mastocitoma (MCT) subcutâneo em cães, apresentando maiores tempos de sobrevida e menores taxas de recidiva e metástase em comparação ao MCT cutâneo. Além disso, o MCT subcutâneo canino segue a classificação histopatológica própria, sendo subdivididos de acordo com o padrão em: circunscrito, combinado ou infiltrativo. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar a incidência e as características histopatológicas de MCT subcutâneos no Brasil. Para isso, foram avaliadas 164 amostras de MCT subcutâneos diagnosticados entre o período de 2014 a 2017 no Brasil. A média de idade dos animais foi de 8,6 anos (variação de 3 a 20 anos), com predomínio de fêmeas (64,8%) e maior incidência em cães sem raça definida (n=40), seguido de Boxer (n=20), Labrador Retriever (n=14), Golden retriever (n=11) e Pug (n=10). Em relação a caracterização histopatológica, o padrão infiltrativo foi o mais comum representando 54,3% dos casos, seguido dos padrões circunscritos (34,8%) e combinados (11%). Quanto a contagem de mitose (CM), 93,8% dos casos apresentam CM≤4 e, em 53,1%, CM=0. Os dados encontrados nesse estudo brasileiro em relação ao MCT subcutâneo reforçam outros trabalhos realizados em diferentes regiões demográficas, sugerindo fatores genéticos e epidemiológicos para a doença. Por fim, os índices de proliferação avaliados sugerem que o MCT subcutâneo apresenta progressão lenta devendo ser avaliado como uma forma distinta do MCT cutâneo.
#33 - Clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical characterization of spontaneous neoplasms in pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
Abstract in Portuguese:
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors.
#34 - Immunostimulation of bronchoalveolar response in calves vaccinated against bovine respiratory disease
Abstract in English:
Although intranasal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccines containing live attenuated virus elicit greater stimulation of local humoral immunity response, they can mimic a viral infection, responsible for reducing innate defense during the establishment of vaccine-induced immunity. Probiotics containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Enterococcus faecium reduced the occurrence of BRD in neonatal calves challenged with the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Furthermore, the probiotics potentiated the humoral immune response after vaccination in murine models, raising the question of whether they could have the same effect in calves. This study aimed to verify if the probiotic containing E. faecium and S. cerevisiae attenuates the inflammation caused by the vaccine against BRD in the respiratory tract region in calves. Twenty-four healthy Jersey calves, aged 6 to 7 months old, were divided into the groups: control (C), supplemented (S), vaccinated (V), and supplemented and vaccinated (SV), with six animals in each of them. Supplemented groups (S and SV) received S. cerevisiae and E. faecium once a day on D-15 for 51 days (Probios precise®, Ouro Fino®, 2g/day/animal). Vaccinated groups (V and SV) received a single dose of an intranasal BRD vaccine on day 0 (Inforce®, Zoetis®, 1ml/ nostril). The control group was not supplemented or vaccined. Irritation of the respiratory tract and bronchoalveolar (BA) evaluations: cytology, phagocyte function, and IgA were measured on D-15, D3, D7, and D21. The vaccinated groups showed greater irritation of the nasopharynx and trachea. However, only Group V showed a reduction in BA phagocyte function and an increase in cellularity by a neutrophil influx in the BA region. Regarding IgA BA, SV showed the greatest increase, followed by S and V, concerning C. We conclude that isolated supplementation with E. faecium and S. cerevisiae promoted increased production of BA IgA. In association with the vaccine, the supplementation attenuated the inflammation of the respiratory tract produced by the vaccine itself, avoiding the reduction of phagocyte function BA, besides potentiating the humoral immune response of the vaccine containing live attenuated virus against BRD.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Embora vacinas intranasais contra complexo respiratório bovino (CRB) contendo vírus vivo atenuado provoquem maior estimulação de reposta humoral local, elas podem mimetizar uma infecção viral responsável por reduzir a defesa imune inata durante o estabelecimento da imunidade vacinal. Probióticos contendo Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Enterococcus faecium reduziram a ocorrência de CRB em bezerras neonatas desafiados com vírus respiratório sincicial bovino e potencializaram a resposta humoral após a vacinação em modelos murino, gerando-se a dúvida se poderiam ter o mesmo efeito em bezerros. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar se o probiótico contendo E. faecium e S. cerevisiae atenua a inflamação causada pela vacina na região do trato respiratório de bezerras. Vinte e quatro bezerras da raça Jersey, sadias com idade entre 6 a 7 meses de idade foram divididas nos grupos: controle (C), suplementado (S), vacinado (V) e suplementado e vacinado (SV), com seis animais em cada. Os grupos suplementados (S e SV) receberam S. cerevisiae e E. faecium uma vez ao dia, no dia D-15, durante 51 dias (Probios precise®, Ouro Fino®, 2g/dia/animal). Os grupos vacinados (V e SV) receberam a vacina intranasal contra CRB em dose única no dia 0 (Inforce®, Zoetis®, 1ml/ narina). Mensurou-se a irritação do trato respiratório e os parâmetros broncoalveolares (BA): citologia, função de fagócitos e IgA, nos dias D-15, D3, D7 e D21. Os grupos vacinados apresentaram maior irritação da nasofaringe e traqueia, porém apenas o V apresentou redução da função dos fagócitos BA e aumento da celularidade por influxo neutrofílico. Em relação a IgA BA, o SV apresentou o maior aumento, seguido do S e do V, em relação ao C. Conclui-se que a suplementação com E. faecium e S. cerevisiae isolada promoveu aumento de produção de IgA BA. Em associação com a vacina, atenuou a inflamação do trato respiratório produzida pela mesma, evitando a redução da função de fagócitos BA, além de potencializar a resposta humoral da vacina contendo vírus vivo atenuado contra o CRB.
#35 - Measuring of the salivary immunoglobulin in Callithrix jacchus primates in captivity running title: salivary immunoglobulin in marmoset
Abstract in English:
The primary antibody in the mucous membranes and exocrine glands is a polymetric secretory immunoglobulin A. This immunoglobulin has been used as an indicator of stress in various animals, including nonhuman primates, and can also be used to monitor immune activity. The secretory immunoglobulin A is predominantly found in seromucous secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum, milk, and liquor, as well as tracheobronchial, intestinal, and genitourinary secretions. This study aimed to measure the salivary IgA levels in Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA). Twelve pairs of animals were used, previously conditioned by the operant conditioning technique with positive reinforcement to saliva collection. Samples were collected once a week for six months. In this experiment, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations in Callithrix jacchus were very low. We suggest new studies using other techniques to quantify the IgA quantities in the saliva of these animals.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O principal anticorpo presente nas mucosas e glândulas exócrinas é uma IgA polimétrica denominada sIgA. Esta imunoglobulina vem sendo utilizada como indicadora de estresse em diversos animais incluindo primatas não humanos, podendo também ser utilizada para o monitoramento da atividade imunológica. A imunoglobulina A secretora é encontrada predominantemente em secreções seromucosas, como saliva, lágrimas, colostro, leite, liquor, bem como secreções traqueobrônquicas, intestinais e geniturinárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar os níveis da IgA salivar em Callithrix jacchus (sagui comum) através do teste de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA). Doze pares de animais foram previamente condicionados pela técnica de condicionamento operante com reforço positivo à coleta de saliva. As amostras foram coletadas uma vez por semana por seis meses. Neste experimento as concentrações de imunoglobulina salivar A secretora em Callithrix jacchus foram muito baixas. Nós sugerimos novos estudos utilizando outras técnicas para quantificar a IgA na saliva desses animais.
#36 - Pathological aspects of a septicemic salmonellosis outbreak caused by Salmonella serotype Typhimurium in captive blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva)
Abstract in English:
There are reports of septicemic salmonellosis in exotic birds caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, although they are scarce and do not address the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of this condition in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). This study aims to report an outbreak of salmonellosis by S. Typhimurium in 15 blue-fronted parrots introduced to a rehabilitation center in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, accompanied by flat white areas in the capsule and parenchyma, were the most frequent gross changes, histologically represented by necrotic and heterophilic hepatitis and splenitis and associated with bacteria in the cytoplasm of macrophages and free in the affected tissue. S. Typhimurium was identified from bacterial culture, PCR, and DNA sequencing. Along with immunohistochemistry samples of liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, pancreas, thyroid, heart, and lung, immunostaining was used for Salmonella spp. without previous bacterial isolation. The lethality of this outbreak demonstrates the relevance of salmonellosis in blue-fronted parrots, which are known to be carriers of this bacteria.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Apesar de existirem relatos sobre salmonelose septicêmica em aves silvestres por Salmonella enterica sorovar Typhimurium, eles são escassos e não abordam os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos da condição em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva). Este trabalho visou relatar um surto de salmonelose por S. Typhimurium em 15 papagaios-verdadeiros introduzidos em um centro de reabilitação localizado no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Hepatomegalia e esplenomegalia acompanhadas por áreas planas brancacentas na cápsula e no parênquima foram as alterações macroscópicas mais frequentes, representadas histologicamente por hepatite e esplenite necróticas e heterofílicas associadas a bactérias no citoplasma de macrófagos e livres no tecido afetado. S. Typhimurium foi identificada a partir de cultura bacteriana, PCR e sequenciamento de DNA. Na imuno-histoquímica, as amostras de fígado, baço, rim, intestino delgado, pâncreas, tireoide, coração e pulmão evidenciaram imunomarcação para Salmonella spp., mesmo quando não houve isolamento bacteriano prévio. A alta letalidade deste surto demonstra relevância da salmonelose em papagaios-verdadeiros, que são majoritariamente atribuídos como hospedeiros carreadores desta bactéria.
#37 - Investigation of enterobacteria with zoonotic and multi-resistant potential in exotic parrots kept in a domestic environment
Abstract in English:
This investigation elucidated the presence of potentially zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in domestically reared psittacines. The present study was sanctioned by the Animal Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará (CEUA-UECE) and bears registration number 03423745/2023. A total of 111 cloacal swab samples were procured from exotic psittacines encompassing six distinct species: the Australian budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), lovebirds (Agapornis sp.), rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), red-rumped parrots (Psephotus haematonotus), and rosellas (Platycercus eximius). The process encompassed the isolation and characterization of enterobacteria and ascertaining their resistance profiles. Among the collected specimens, 70.2% (78/111) yielded growth indicative of one or more enterobacterial agents. The collective isolates comprised 110 strains encompassing 13 distinct bacterial species. Foremost among these was Escherichia coli, accounting for a significant percentage of the total isolates at 30% (33/110), followed by Pantoea agglomerans at 27.2% (30/110). The study revealed that 35.4% (39/110) of the isolates exhibited resistance to tobramycin, with tetracycline and fosfomycin showing resistance rates of 34.5% (38/110) and 30.9% (34/110), respectively. Particularly noteworthy was that E. coli showed a heightened propensity for tetracycline resistance at 51.5% (17/33), while resistance rates to tobramycin and gentamicin were 36.6% (12/33) and 15.1% (5/33), respectively. A noteworthy subset of the enterobacterial cohort exhibited multidrug resistance patterns (28.9%, 32/110). Collectively, these outcomes underscore not only an elevated prevalence of enterobacterial strains but also the pervasive phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance across a diverse spectrum of antimicrobial agents.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo investigou a presença de bactérias potencialmente zoonóticas e resistentes a antimicrobianos em psitacídeos criados em ambiente doméstico. Esse projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (CEUA-UECE), registrado sob o número 03423745/2023. Foram coletadas 111 amostras de suabes cloacais de psitacídeos exóticos de seis espécies, incluindo, periquitos-australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus), calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus), agapornis (Agapornis sp.), periquitos-de-colar (Psittacula krameri), periquitos-dorso-vermelho (Psephotus haematonotus) e roselas (Platycercus eximius). Foi realizado o isolamento e a identificação de enterobactérias e determinado o perfil de resistência. Das amostras coletadas, 70,2% (78/111) apresentaram crescimento para uma ou mais enterobactérias. Foram isoladas 110 cepas pertencentes a 13 espécies bacterianas. Escherichia coli apresentou o maior índice de isolamento, com 30% (33/110). Em segundo lugar Pantoea agglomerans, com um percentual de isolamento de 27,2% (30/110). Observou-se que 35,4% (39/110) das enterobactérias apresentaram resistência à tobramicina, seguidas da tetraciclina com 34,5% (38/110) e da fosfomicina com 30,9% (34/110). E. coli apresentou maior taxa de resistência a tetraciclina com 51,5% (17/33), seguida de 36,6% (12/33) para tobramicina e 15,1% (5/33) para gentamicina. Das enterobactérias analisadas 28,9% (32/110), apresentaram multirresistência. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência de enterobactérias, a resistência antimicrobiana foi constatada em diversas classes de antimicrobianos.
#38 - Cardiopulmonary radiographic changes in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis
Abstract in English:
Heartworm disease is a zoonosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode parasite of worldwide distribution and considered one of the most virulent of dogs, which are definitive and infected hosts during the blood meal of vector mosquitoes (Aedes sp., Anopheles sp. and Culex sp.). The disease has a worldwide prevalence, with a higher incidence in tropical and subtropical climate areas, and affects animals of any breed, sex, and age group. Most animals are asymptomatic, but the disease can cause various cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms. The pathophysiology is related to vessel obstruction and an intense inflammatory reaction in the lung parenchyma, with cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms leading to signs that can be severe and lead to the death of the host. It can be diagnosed through blood tests, and chest X-rays are used to assess the severity of clinical signs and help establish a prognosis. Cardiovascular alterations appear as an increase in vascular caliber, an increase in the right heart silhouette, and pulmonary patterns compatible with infection. This study aimed to describe the conditional radiographic changes caused by the parasite in the lungs, intrathoracic vessels and heart in 30 dogs, independent of breed and sex, with an average age of 9.9 years and an average weight of 10.25kg, originating from routine care at a veterinary hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from January 2022 to December 2022. All animals were diagnosed with a positive heartworm infection and cardiorespiratory symptoms as essential conditions for participation in the study. The animals were x-rayed and had their lung patterns evaluated, in addition to measuring their vascular caliber and cardiac indices using vertebral-heart size (VHS), manubrium-heart size (MHS) and sphericity index (CSI). Most animals presented pulmonary patterns such as bronchoalveolar and bronchial and increased VHS and MHS indices. Increased and borderline values of CSI measurements were found in half of the patients, demonstrating that the parasite can trigger significant radiographic changes or present potential further worsening.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A dirofilariose é uma zoonose causada pela Dirofilaria immitis, parasita nematoide de distribuição mundial e considerado um dos mais patogênicos de cães, que são hospedeiros definitivos e infectados durante o repasto sanguíneo de mosquitos vetores (Aedes sp., Anopheles sp. e Culex sp.). A doença apresenta prevalência mundial, com maior incidência em áreas de clima tropical e subtropical, acometendo animais de qualquer raça, sexo e faixa etária. A maioria dos animais é assintomática, entretanto, a doença pode causar diversos sintomas cardiovasculares e respiratórios. A fisiopatologia se relaciona com a obstrução de vasos e com intensa reação inflamatória no tecido pulmonar, com sintomatologia cardiovascular e respiratória, levando a sinais que podem ser graves e levar ao óbito do hospedeiro. Pode ser diagnosticada através de exames de sangue e as radiografias de tórax são utilizadas para avaliar a gravidade dos sinais clínicos e auxiliar no estabelecimento do prognóstico. Alterações cardiovasculares surgem como aumento de calibre vascular, aumento de silhueta cardíaca direita e padrões pulmonares compatíveis com infecção. No presente artigo objetivou-se descrever as alterações radiográficas estabelecidas pelo parasita nos pulmões, nos vasos intratorácicos e no coração em 30 cães, independente de raça e sexo, com média de idade 9,9 anos e média de peso 10,25kg, oriundos da rotina de atendimento de um hospital veterinário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre Janeiro de 2022 e Dezembro de 2022. Todos os animais possuem diagnóstico positivo para infecção por dirofilariose e sintomatologia cardiorrespiratória como condição indispensável para pertencerem ao estudo. Os animais foram radiografados e tiveram os padrões pulmonares avaliados, além da medição do calibre vascular e dos índices cardíacos através do VHS (índice cardio-vertebral), MHS (ou índice manúbrio-esternal) e CSI (índice de esfericidade). A maioria dos animais apresentou padrão pulmonar como broncoalveolar e bronquial e índices de VHS e MHS aumentados. Aumento e valores limítrofes das medidas de CSI foram encontrados em metade dos pacientes, demonstrando que o parasita pode desencadear alterações radiográficas significativas ou apresentar potencial agravamento posterior.
#39 - Distribution of nesfatin-1 expression in Bactrian camels and its impact on adipocyte glucose metabolism
Abstract in English:
The study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of nesfatin-1 in Bactrian camels and its impact on adipocyte glucose metabolism. Polyclonal antibodies against a single antigenic epitope of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein were prepared. Nesfatin-1 expression was detected in various adipose tissues, including the hypothalamus, humps, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, and abdomen, using Western blot and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake levels, pyruvic acid content, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities were measured in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with nesfatin-1 in a high glucose state using a non-radiofluorimetric assay. The results showed that nesfatin-1 was found in all Bactrian camel tissues, with higher adipose tissue and pancreas expression. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of nesfatin-1 mRNA in the abdominal fat and liver. After nesfatin-1 treatment, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in glucose uptake levels, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities in 3T3-L1 cells, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in their pyruvic acid content. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 is expressed at high levels in the abdominal fat of Bactrian camels and significantly affects adipocyte glucose metabolism by regulating blood glucose levels, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, and promoting lipid droplet hydrolysis to provide energy for the organism, which may relate to the Bactrian camel’s ability to adapt to harsh environments.
Abstract in Portuguese:
The study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of nesfatin-1 in Bactrian camels and its impact on adipocyte glucose metabolism. Polyclonal antibodies against a single antigenic epitope of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 protein were prepared. Nesfatin-1 expression was detected in various adipose tissues, including the hypothalamus, humps, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, pancreas, liver, and abdomen, using Western blot and qRT-PCR. Glucose uptake levels, pyruvic acid content, and hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities were measured in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with nesfatin-1 in a high glucose state using a non-radiofluorimetric assay. The results showed that nesfatin-1 was found in all Bactrian camel tissues, with higher adipose tissue and pancreas expression. However, qRT-PCR analysis revealed higher expression of nesfatin-1 mRNA in the abdominal fat and liver. After nesfatin-1 treatment, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in glucose uptake levels, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities in 3T3-L1 cells, with a significant increase (p<0.05) in their pyruvic acid content. These findings suggest that nesfatin-1 is expressed at high levels in the abdominal fat of Bactrian camels and significantly affects adipocyte glucose metabolism by regulating blood glucose levels, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, and promoting lipid droplet hydrolysis to provide energy for the organism, which may relate to the Bactrian camel’s ability to adapt to harsh environments.
#40 - Report of coccidiosis in a free-living green-winged saltator Saltator similis in Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil
Abstract in English:
The green-winged saltator Saltator similis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) is a passerine bird highly valued by bird breeders and a target of illegal wildlife trafficking. Coccidian chromists are etiological agents of coccidiosis, which may be asymptomatic and enzootic in bird populations when environmental conditions are favorable. However, epizootic outbreaks with severe disease can occur due to environmental changes. In this context, this study reports a case of coccidiosis in a free-living juvenile specimen of S. similis captured at the Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil. Typical clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed, and it was associated with greenish mucoid diarrhea containing a high density of coccidian oocysts. Three Isospora spp. were specifically identified in 14 fecal samples (fecal droplets) collected over two hours. Isospora saltatori (Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008) had the highest density and positivity throughout most of the collection period. Finally, this paper discusses the importance of the continuous evaluation of the health of birds as bioindicators and their coccidian ecological biomarkers as one of the strategies for evaluating the conservation status of Itatiaia National Park.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O trinca-ferro Saltator similis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) é um pássaro muito valorizado por criadores de aves e pelo tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres. Os cromistas coccídios são agentes etiológicos da coccidiose, a qual pode ser assintomática e enzoótica em populações de aves quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis, mas surtos epizoóticos com doença grave podem ocorrer como resultado de mudanças ambientais. Nesse contexto, este artigo relata um caso de coccidiose em um espécime juvenil de vida livre de S. similis capturado no Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, no sudeste do Brasil. Foram observados sinais clínicos típicos de coccidiose, associados a diarreia mucóide esverdeada contendo alta densidade de oocistos. Três Isospora spp. foram especificamente identificadas em 14 defecações coletadas durante um período de duas horas. Isospora saltatori (Berto, Balthazar, Flausino & Lopes, 2008) foi a espécie com maior densidade e positividade durante a maior parte do período de coleta. Por fim, este artigo discute a importância da avaliação contínua da saúde das aves como bioindicadores, e de seus biomarcadores ecológicos coccídios, como uma das estratégias para avaliação do estado de conservação do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia.
