PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Godoy S.N., Alves V.A.F., Kanamura C.T. & Matushima E.R. 2009. [Main neoplasic processes in psittacines birds kept in captivity.] Principais processos neoplásicos encontrados em psitacídeos mantidos em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):445-451. Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis, SHIN CA 02, Bloco D, Apto 408, Ed. Spazio Uno, Brasilia, DF 71.503-502, Brazil. E-mail: silng@uol.com.br An anatomopathologic study of 130 captivy psittacines from zoos, breeders and rehabilitation centers showed the presence of neoplastic disease in seven birds, totalizing 5.4% of the cases. The neoplasms were identified like cholangiocarcinoma, cholangioma, lymphoma, haemangiosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cholangiocarcinoma was the tumor most commonly observed. it was present in birds. This study describes the macro and microscopic findings of these tumors; also reports diagnostic methods employed to identify these neoplasms.

• Neoplasms birds Psittacines pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Godoy S.N., Alves V.A.F., Kanamura C.T. & Matushima E.R. 2009. [Main neoplasic processes in psittacines birds kept in captivity.] Principais processos neoplásicos encontrados em psitacídeos mantidos em cativeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(6):445-451. Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis, SHIN CA 02, Bloco D, Apto 408, Ed. Spazio Uno, Brasilia, DF 71.503-502, Brazil. E-mail: silng@uol.com.br An anatomopathologic study of 130 captivy psittacines from zoos, breeders and rehabilitation centers showed the presence of neoplastic disease in seven birds, totalizing 5.4% of the cases. The neoplasms were identified like cholangiocarcinoma, cholangioma, lymphoma, haemangiosarcoma and renal cell carcinoma. The cholangiocarcinoma was the tumor most commonly observed. it was present in birds. This study describes the macro and microscopic findings of these tumors; also reports diagnostic methods employed to identify these neoplasms.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos G.C., Matuella G.A., Coraiola A.M., Silva L.C., Lange R.R. & Santin E. 2008. [Diseases of wild birds diagnosed at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil (2003-2007).] Doenças de aves selvagens diagnosticadas na Universidade Federal do Paraná (2003-2007). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):565-570. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Campus do Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: santin@ufpr.br From 253 wild birds attended at the Wild Animal Ambulatory of the Veterinary Hospital, Paraná Federal University, between August 2003 and August 2006, 45 cases (17.8%) were related to the species Serinus canarius (Belgian Canary). Within these attended birds and its respective orders, most morbid conditions occurred with the Psittaciforme order and were caused by traumatism, in 45 cases (14.32%). Of these, 17 animals (30.91%) had bone fractures; the most common were on radius-ulna (17.65%). Other conditions were presence of ectoparasites (12.50%) and endoparasites (10.68%), respiratory disease (10.42%), dermatological ailments (6.51%), neoplasms (4.95%), ophthalmic illnesses (4.43%), gastrointestinal diseases (3.91%), cachexia (3.39%), neurological diseases (2.86%), self-mutilation (2.86%), obesity (2.34%), aggression by other animals (1.56%), nutritional deficiencies (1.30%), egg retention (1.04%), avian poxvirus (0.78%) and uric gout (0.52%), as well as there was clinical routine measures to be taken (7.55%). Traumas and illnesses were observed as the highest prevalence on the casuistic, which could be prevented by correct husbandry practices.

• Wild birds diseases casuistic

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Santos G.C., Matuella G.A., Coraiola A.M., Silva L.C., Lange R.R. & Santin E. 2008. [Diseases of wild birds diagnosed at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil (2003-2007).] Doenças de aves selvagens diagnosticadas na Universidade Federal do Paraná (2003-2007). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):565-570. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Campus do Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: santin@ufpr.br From 253 wild birds attended at the Wild Animal Ambulatory of the Veterinary Hospital, Paraná Federal University, between August 2003 and August 2006, 45 cases (17.8%) were related to the species Serinus canarius (Belgian Canary). Within these attended birds and its respective orders, most morbid conditions occurred with the Psittaciforme order and were caused by traumatism, in 45 cases (14.32%). Of these, 17 animals (30.91%) had bone fractures; the most common were on radius-ulna (17.65%). Other conditions were presence of ectoparasites (12.50%) and endoparasites (10.68%), respiratory disease (10.42%), dermatological ailments (6.51%), neoplasms (4.95%), ophthalmic illnesses (4.43%), gastrointestinal diseases (3.91%), cachexia (3.39%), neurological diseases (2.86%), self-mutilation (2.86%), obesity (2.34%), aggression by other animals (1.56%), nutritional deficiencies (1.30%), egg retention (1.04%), avian poxvirus (0.78%) and uric gout (0.52%), as well as there was clinical routine measures to be taken (7.55%). Traumas and illnesses were observed as the highest prevalence on the casuistic, which could be prevented by correct husbandry practices.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ferraz V.C.M., Ferrigno C.R.A., Cortopassi S.R.G., Lopes R., Isaza R. & Kim S. 2008. [Radiologic and flight function evaluation after fixation of distal humeral osteotomies in pigeons, with model of articulated external fixator.] Avaliação radiográfica e de função de vôo após fixação de osteotomias distais de úmero em pombas (Columba livia), com modelo de fixador externo articulado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):351-357. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: vanessaferraz@usp.br The treatment of distal humeral fractures in birds is very difficult, technically and for consolidation and maintenance of normal function of the wing, because theses bones are pneumatic, and its cortices very thin. The ankylosis of the humerus-radius-ulnar joint with external fixator is unviable for birds intended for rehabilitation and release. In all animals, the experimental fixator was placed over the humerus, with its articulation over the humerus-radial-ulnar joint e the extension of the fixator was placed over the ulna. The animals were divided in two groups: bilateral surgeries with ankylosis in one wing (static wing) and maintenance of the joint function in the other (dynamic wing) (Group 1), and unilateral surgery, with maintenance of the joint function (dynamic wing) (Group 2). The bonny callus was evaluated with radiographs: post-surgical, at 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The birds in Group 2 were evaluated as of their flight abilities between 11 and 15 weeks after surgery. The wing amplitude and humeral length was evaluated in all animals, after euthanasia. At 6 weeks, all the animals in Group 2, that underwent unilateral surgery, without ankylosis, and four animals in Group 1, that underwent bilateral surgeries: ankylosis of one elbow (static wing) and not of the other (dynamic wing), presented radiographic and clinical consolidation of the fractures. Two animals in Group 1 only presented consolidation of the dynamic wing at 9 weeks and of the static wing at 12 weeks. All the animals in Group 2 presented adequate flight capacity, in at least 13 weeks after surgery. There are few published papers on bird osteosynthesis, and therefore we studied the use of articulated external fixator for the stabilization of distal humeral fractures, avoiding ankylosis of the elbow joint, and, therefore keeping flight function viable, using as a model, rock pigeons (Columba lívia). The proposed method of maintenance of wing function in the dynamic wing, demonstrated being effective in maintaining the length of the bone, the amplitude of the wing as well as viability of muscles and tendons, guaranteeing flight capacity of the studied birds, being a good method for the repair of distal humeral fractures of birds, when rehabilitation and release are intended.

• Articulated external fixator birds humeral fracture

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Ferraz V.C.M., Ferrigno C.R.A., Cortopassi S.R.G., Lopes R., Isaza R. & Kim S. 2008. [Radiologic and flight function evaluation after fixation of distal humeral osteotomies in pigeons, with model of articulated external fixator.] Avaliação radiográfica e de função de vôo após fixação de osteotomias distais de úmero em pombas (Columba livia), com modelo de fixador externo articulado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(8):351-357. Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: vanessaferraz@usp.br The treatment of distal humeral fractures in birds is very difficult, technically and for consolidation and maintenance of normal function of the wing, because theses bones are pneumatic, and its cortices very thin. The ankylosis of the humerus-radius-ulnar joint with external fixator is unviable for birds intended for rehabilitation and release. In all animals, the experimental fixator was placed over the humerus, with its articulation over the humerus-radial-ulnar joint e the extension of the fixator was placed over the ulna. The animals were divided in two groups: bilateral surgeries with ankylosis in one wing (static wing) and maintenance of the joint function in the other (dynamic wing) (Group 1), and unilateral surgery, with maintenance of the joint function (dynamic wing) (Group 2). The bonny callus was evaluated with radiographs: post-surgical, at 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The birds in Group 2 were evaluated as of their flight abilities between 11 and 15 weeks after surgery. The wing amplitude and humeral length was evaluated in all animals, after euthanasia. At 6 weeks, all the animals in Group 2, that underwent unilateral surgery, without ankylosis, and four animals in Group 1, that underwent bilateral surgeries: ankylosis of one elbow (static wing) and not of the other (dynamic wing), presented radiographic and clinical consolidation of the fractures. Two animals in Group 1 only presented consolidation of the dynamic wing at 9 weeks and of the static wing at 12 weeks. All the animals in Group 2 presented adequate flight capacity, in at least 13 weeks after surgery. There are few published papers on bird osteosynthesis, and therefore we studied the use of articulated external fixator for the stabilization of distal humeral fractures, avoiding ankylosis of the elbow joint, and, therefore keeping flight function viable, using as a model, rock pigeons (Columba lívia). The proposed method of maintenance of wing function in the dynamic wing, demonstrated being effective in maintaining the length of the bone, the amplitude of the wing as well as viability of muscles and tendons, guaranteeing flight capacity of the studied birds, being a good method for the repair of distal humeral fractures of birds, when rehabilitation and release are intended.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lugarini C., Condas L.A.Z., Soresini G.C., Santos R.C.F., Muro M.D., Ono M., Farias M.R. & Montiani-Ferreira F. 2008. Screening of antigenemia and isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii from cloaca and crop of birds in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(7):341-344. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Juvevê, Curitiba PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: camilelug@gmail.com Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are associated with dry bird excreta but rarely recovered from birds’ digestive tract. The objective of the present study was (1) to verify the existence of C. neoformans and C. gattii in crop and cloaca of wildlife and captivity birds hypothesizing about a possible primary source of this yeast in the excreta, and (2) to determine the fungi’s invasive capability in avian species through latex agglutination. For that purpose, 172 cloacal and 77 crop samples of domestic pigeon, Passerine, and Psittacine birds were collected. None of these samples was positive, suggesting that the yeast is not saprobiotic in the digestive tract of these birds. Only one out of 82 serum samples collected from pigeons and Psittacine birds was positive (title 1:2) showing that Cryptococcus sp. probably has a low invasive capability in birds, and is thus considered only a dry excreta colonizer.

• Ecology birds yeast Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus gattii

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Lugarini C., Condas L.A.Z., Soresini G.C., Santos R.C.F., Muro M.D., Ono M., Farias M.R. & Montiani-Ferreira F. 2008. Screening of antigenemia and isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii from cloaca and crop of birds in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(7):341-344. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Rua dos Funcionários 1540, Juvevê, Curitiba PR 80035-050, Brazil. E-mail: camilelug@gmail.com Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are associated with dry bird excreta but rarely recovered from birds’ digestive tract. The objective of the present study was (1) to verify the existence of C. neoformans and C. gattii in crop and cloaca of wildlife and captivity birds hypothesizing about a possible primary source of this yeast in the excreta, and (2) to determine the fungi’s invasive capability in avian species through latex agglutination. For that purpose, 172 cloacal and 77 crop samples of domestic pigeon, Passerine, and Psittacine birds were collected. None of these samples was positive, suggesting that the yeast is not saprobiotic in the digestive tract of these birds. Only one out of 82 serum samples collected from pigeons and Psittacine birds was positive (title 1:2) showing that Cryptococcus sp. probably has a low invasive capability in birds, and is thus considered only a dry excreta colonizer.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- De Conti J.B., Schossler J.E.W., Alievi M.M., Bonfada A.T., Novosad D., Silva D. & Pachaly J.R. 2007. [Use of Type II external skeletal fixator for tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in White Plymouth Rock chickens: An experimental model for using in wild birds.] Uso de fixador esquelético externo Tipo II para osteossíntese de tibiotarso em galinhas da raça Plymouth Rock Branca: modelo experimental para uso em aves selvagens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasi-leira 27(5):199-204. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Estrada da Paca s/n, Zona Rural, Umuarama, PR 87502-000, Brazil. E-mail: julianodeconti@yahoo.com.br The efficiency of the Type II external skeletal fixator for the treatment of tibiotarsus fracture in eight adult White Plymouth Rock chickens was evaluated. The individuals were pre-medicated with morphine sulfate and anesthetized with halothane, and submitted to a diaphysary osteotomy in the left tibiotarsus, performed with an oscillatory saw. Four Kirschner wires were inserted through the bone cortices, being two proximally and two distally to the fracture. After the fracture reduction the ends of both proximal and distal wires were twisted in distal or proximal direction, respectively, being the wires connected by two bars of autopolymerizing acrylic resin, in the external lateral and medial faces of the limb. The return to full capability to use the member was observed in 20.00±7.09 days, and the bone healing occurred in 35.12±8.72 days. The results of this study showed that open reduction and use of Type II external skeletal fixator is an effective method for the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in White Plymouth Rock chickens.

• Fracture birds tibiotarsus orthopedics external fixator Type II

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- De Conti J.B., Schossler J.E.W., Alievi M.M., Bonfada A.T., Novosad D., Silva D. & Pachaly J.R. 2007. [Use of Type II external skeletal fixator for tibiotarsus osteosynthesis in White Plymouth Rock chickens: An experimental model for using in wild birds.] Uso de fixador esquelético externo Tipo II para osteossíntese de tibiotarso em galinhas da raça Plymouth Rock Branca: modelo experimental para uso em aves selvagens. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasi-leira 27(5):199-204. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Estrada da Paca s/n, Zona Rural, Umuarama, PR 87502-000, Brazil. E-mail: julianodeconti@yahoo.com.br The efficiency of the Type II external skeletal fixator for the treatment of tibiotarsus fracture in eight adult White Plymouth Rock chickens was evaluated. The individuals were pre-medicated with morphine sulfate and anesthetized with halothane, and submitted to a diaphysary osteotomy in the left tibiotarsus, performed with an oscillatory saw. Four Kirschner wires were inserted through the bone cortices, being two proximally and two distally to the fracture. After the fracture reduction the ends of both proximal and distal wires were twisted in distal or proximal direction, respectively, being the wires connected by two bars of autopolymerizing acrylic resin, in the external lateral and medial faces of the limb. The return to full capability to use the member was observed in 20.00±7.09 days, and the bone healing occurred in 35.12±8.72 days. The results of this study showed that open reduction and use of Type II external skeletal fixator is an effective method for the treatment of tibiotarsus fractures in White Plymouth Rock chickens.

Abstract in English:

Salmonella strains were isolated from ill and shedding birds in several regions of Brazil between 1962 and 1991. Serotyping of 2123 isolates showed 90 serovars pertaining to 14 serogroups. There was a predominance of groups 0:9 (40.0%), 0:4 (33.3%), 0:7 (10.6%) and 0:3, 10 (6.7%). Major serovar diversity was found to serogroup 0:7 that accounted for 22 different types, followed by serogroups 0:4, 0:3, 10 and 0:9 with 19, 15 and 10 serotypes respectively. An average of 10.8 serovars was isolated per year. S. Gallinarum, S. Pullorum, S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg, S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis were the most frequent serovars found over the 30 years, representing 65% to 67% of the total of isolates. Bacteriological and epidemiological aspects concerning a number of serotypes are discussed.

• Birds Salmonella prevalence serogroups serovars

Abstract in Portuguese:

Foram caracterizadas antigenicamente amostras de Salmonella isoladas de aves (portadoras e doentes) provenientes de diversas regiões do país durante o período de 1962 a 1991. Nas 2123 culturas analisadas foram reconhecidos 90 sorovares, distribuídos em 14 sorogrupos com predominância dos grupos 0:9 (40,0%), 0:4 (33,3%), 0:7 (10,6%) e O: 3, 10 (6,7%). A maior diversidade de sorovares foi reconhecida no sorogrupo 0:7 com 22 tipos distintos, secundado por 0:4, 0:3,10 e 0:9, constituídos de 19, 15 e 10 sorotipos, respectivamente. No computo geral, foi determinada a média de 10,8 sorovares isolados por ano. Os sorovares classificados como muito frequentes nos três decênios, representando 65 a 67%, dos isolamentos, foram S. Gallinarum, S. Pullorum, S. Typhimurium, S. Heidelberg, S. Enteritidis e S. Infantis. Considerações de natureza bacteriológica e epidemiológica foram discutidas em relação a alguns dos sorotipos prevalentes.

• Aves Salmone/la prevalência sorogrupos sorovares

Abstract in English:

A virological surveillance study on a bird flock over a period of three years resulted in the isolation of 27 strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), in 360 fecal samples. These isolations occurred from May to September and from November to January, with the highest percentage in the first two years of the investigation (1981/1982 and 1982/1983). Feces were colleçted from healthy birds and virus presence was investigated by inoculation into fertile eggs. The positive isolates were identified by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI).

• Newcastle disease virus isolation ornamental birds

Abstract in Portuguese:

O estudo de vigilância virológica de uma comunidade de pássaros num período de três anos, resultou no isolamento de 21 amostras de vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV), entre 360 materiais fecais examinados. Estes isolamentos ocorreram de maio a setembro e de novembro a janeiro, com mais alta percentagem nos primeiros dois anos de investigação (1981/82 e 1982/83). Os pássaros aparentemente saudáveis tiveram suas fezes coletadas e a presença virai foi investigada pela inoculação em ovos embrionados. Os vírus isolados foram identificados por inibição de hemaglutinação (HI).

• Vírus da doença de Newcastle isolameto aves ornamentais