PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pierezan F., Oliveira Filho J.C., Carmo P.M., Lucena R.B., Rissi, D.R., Togni M. & Barros C.S.L. 2010. [Outbreak of aflatoxicosis in calves in southern Brazil.] Surto de aflatoxicose em bezerros no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):418-422. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br An outbreak of chronic aflatoxicosis is reported in dairy calves. Forty 4-month-old male Holstein calves of approximately 100kg were kept in individual cages of 1.5 x 1.5m and were fed a ration constituted by alfalfa hay, broken corn and milk substitute. Six calves (15%) died after presenting a disease characterized by general unthriftiness, diarrhea, rough hair coats, abdominal pain, prolapsed rectum, grinding of teeth, and lying down and rolling. The clinical course, as observed by the owners, was 2-3 days; however many calves in this lot that did not die, remained underdeveloped. Three calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings included firm, light tan livers and marked hydrothorax, ascites and edema of the mesentery, mesocolon and of the mucosal folds of the abomasum. Main histopathological changes were restricted to the liver and consisted of fibrosis, moderate megalocytosis, biliary duct hyperplasia and veno-occlusive disease. The search for Senecio spp. contamination in the alfalfa hay resulted negative. The analysis by thin layer chromatography of the corn fed to calves revealed 5,136 ppb of aflatoxin B1. A diagnosis of aflatoxicosis was made based on the characteristic clinical signs and pathology, on the absence of Senecio spp. in the food and on the presence of high levels of aflatoxin in the corn fed to the calves.

• Mycotoxicosis aflatoxicosis micotoxicose aflatoxicose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pierezan F., Oliveira Filho J.C., Carmo P.M., Lucena R.B., Rissi, D.R., Togni M. & Barros C.S.L. 2010. [Outbreak of aflatoxicosis in calves in southern Brazil.] Surto de aflatoxicose em bezerros no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):418-422. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: claudioslbarros@uol.com.br Um surto de aflatoxicose crônica é relatado em bezerros de raça leiteira. Quarenta bezerros holandeses machos de quatro meses de idade e aproximadamente 100kg eram mantidos em gaiolas individuais de 1,5 x 1,5m e alimentados com uma ração constituída por feno de alfafa, milho quebrado e substituto de leite. Seis bezerros (15%) morreram após apresentar uma doença caracterizada por mau desenvolvimento geral, diarreia, pelagem áspera, dor abdominal, tenesmo, prolapso de reto e bruxismo. Alguns bezerros “deitavam e rolavam” no chão da gaiola. A duração do curso clínico, segundo observado pelos proprietários, foi de 2-3 dias; muitos terneiros desse lote que não morreram permaneceram pouco desenvolvidos. Três bezerros foram necropsiados. Os achados de necropsia incluíam fígado firme e castanho-claro, marcados hidrotórax e ascite, e edema do mesentério, mesocólon e das dobras da mucosa do abomaso. Os principais achados histopatológicos estavam restritos ao fígado e consistiam de fibrose, moderada megalocitose, hiperplasia de ductos biliares e lesão veno-oclusiva. A procura por contaminação de Senecio spp. no feno de alfafa resultou negativa. A análise do milho do alimento dos bezerros por cromatografia de camada delgada revelou 5.136ppb de aflatoxina B1. O diagnóstico de aflatoxicose foi feito baseado nos sinais clínicos e patologia característicos, na ausência de Senecio spp. na alimentação dos terneiros e na presença de altos níveis de aflatoxina no milho da alimentação dos bezerros.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Borges J.R.J., Godoy R.F., Moscardini A.R.C., Mustafa V.S., Castro M.B., Ximenes F.H.B., Paludo G.R., Perecmanis S. & Drummond V.O. 2009. [Pituitary abscess syndrome in calves from Mid-Western Brazil.] Síndrome do abscesso pituitário em bezerros na região Centro-Oeste. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):925-930. Hospital Escola de Grandes Animais da Granja do Torto, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-200. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Pituitary abscess syndrome is a neurologic disease responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks especially in calves leading to high mortality rates. This paper aimed to report the occurrence and the clinical, laboratorial and pathologic findings in three 8 to 11-month-old calves with pituitary abscess syndrome from Mid-Western Brazil. The most important clinical findings were nervous signs of cerebral and brainstem origin with clinical evolution of 7-20 days. Hematology revealed leucocytosis by neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed neutrophilic pleocytosis. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. One calf recovered after antibiotic treatment. Mortality rate was 66.6% (2/3). Necropsy findings included single para-hypophyseal abscesses or located in the glandular parenchyma; one calf showed necrotizing rhinitis and another abscedative pneumonia. Histological exams of the central nervous system reveal complete absence of normal pituitary tissue due to the wide necrosis and neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. The authors reiterate the importance of adequate management practices to reduce incidence of several diseases especially in calves, including the pituitary abscess syndrome.

• Abscesso pituitário

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Câmara A.C.L., Borges J.R.J., Godoy R.F., Moscardini A.R.C., Mustafa V.S., Castro M.B., Ximenes F.H.B., Paludo G.R., Perecmanis S. & Drummond V.O. 2009. [Pituitary abscess syndrome in calves from Mid-Western Brazil.] Síndrome do abscesso pituitário em bezerros na região Centro-Oeste. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(11):925-930. Hospital Escola de Grandes Animais da Granja do Torto, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Galpão 4, Granja do Torto, Brasília, DF 70636-200. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br A síndrome do abscesso pituitário é uma doença neurológica responsável por casos esporádicos e surtos, principalmente em bezerros, ocasionando alto índice de mortalidade. Descreve-se a ocorrência e os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anátomo-patológicos em três bezerros com síndrome do abscesso pituitário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os animais tinham 8-11 meses de idade e os sinais clínicos mais marcantes relacionaram-se aos sinais nervosos de origem cerebral e do tronco encefálico com evolução clínica de 7-20 dias. A hematologia revelou leucocitose por neutrofilia e hiperfibrinogenemia. A análise do líquido céfalo-raquidiano apresentou pleocitose neutrofílica. Arcanobacterium pyogenes foi isolado do líquido céfalo-raquidiano. Um dos bezerros apresentou recuperação após antibioticoterapia. A mortalidade foi de 66,6% (2/3). Os achados de necropsia consistiram em um único abscesso de localização parapituitária ou situado no parênquima da glândula; um dos bezerros apresentou rinite necrosante e outro, broncopneumonia abscedativa. O exame histológico do sistema nervoso central revelou ausência quase completa do tecido hipofisário normal, devido à necrose extensa e infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico difuso concomitante. Reitera-se a importância da realização de práticas de manejo adequadas a fim de reduzir a incidência de inúmeras enfermidades, principalmente em bezerros, dentre elas a síndrome do abscesso pituitário.

Abstract in English:

RESUNO.- Gasparelli E.R.F., Camargo D.G., Yanaka R., Mendes L.C.N, Peiró J.R., Bovino F., Perri S.H.V. & Feitosa F.L.F. 2009. [Physical and serum cortisol levels evaluation of Nelore newborn calves born by normal and laborious parturition.] Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):823-828. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br O presente trabalho visou avaliar a vitalidade e os níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos, nascidos de partos eutócicos e auxiliados, bem como determinar os índices de partos distócicos em vacas receptoras de embriões nelores. Cerca de 310 bezerros foram avaliados. Observou-se a ocorrência de 38 partos distócicos (38/310) e de oito abortos (8/310). Os bezerros nascidos de partos distócicos mais duradouros, entre quatro e seis horas, apresentaram os maiores valores médios de frequência respiratória e dos níveis séricos de cortisol. A temperatura retal foi mais elevada em animais nascidos de partos laboriosos do que naqueles nascidos de partos normais. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em animais neonatos nelores foram de 77,93% e 3,44%, respectivamente. O emprego do escore APGAR, ao nascimento, demonstrou que 90% dos bezerros apresentavam-se deprimidos, independente do tipo de nascimento.

• Calf calving cortisol score APGAR

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Gasparelli E.R.F., Camargo D.G., Yanaka R., Mendes L.C.N, Peiró J.R., Bovino F., Perri S.H.V. & Feitosa F.L.F. 2009. [Physical and serum cortisol levels evaluation of Nelore newborn calves born by normal and laborious parturition.] Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):823-828. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br The purpose of present study was to evaluate the vitality and the serum levels of cortisol from newborn calves by normal and laborious deliveries, and to obtain the distocia register in Nelore embryo recipient cows. Three hundred ten calves were evaluated. The register of 38 dystocic calvings (38/310) and 8 abortions (8/310) were observed. In newborn animals the morbity and mortality rates were 77.93% and 3.44%, respectively. Calves born after long dystocic calving, lasting 4-6 hours, showed the highest mean values of respiratory frequency and serum cortisol levels. Animals born after laborious calving presented higher rectal temperature than those born at normal calving. The APGAR score showed that 90% calves had signs of dullness independent of parturition type.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Arenhart S., Bauermann F.V., Oliveira S.A.M., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2009. [Shedding and transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus by persistently infected calves.] Excreção e transmissão do vírus da diarréia viral bovina por bezerros persistentemente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):736-742. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com Persistently infected (PI) calves born to cows infected with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) represent the main reservoir of the virus in nature. We herein report an investigation on the patterns of virus shedding and transmission by five PI calves produced experimentally through inoculation of pregnant cows with Brazilian BVDV isolates. Five calves that survived intrauterine infection were born healthy, lacking neutralizing antibodies to BVDV and harboring virus in the blood. After weaning - and following the disappearance of colostral antibodies - PI calves were monitored for virus in serum and body secretions (ocular, oral, nasal and genital) at weekly intervals for up to 150 days. For each animal, the virus titers in serum showed minor variations throughout the collections (with one exception that presented an increase late in infection), yet the titers varied widely among animals (from 102 to 106TCID50/mL). Virus shedding in secretions was detected steadily during all the observation period with minor titer variations for each particular animal. The highest titers were generally detected in nasal and ocular secretions (titers 104 to 106TCID50mL) whereas genital and oral secretions usually contained low amount of virus (102 to 103TCID50mL). To evaluate the kinetics of virus transmission by these animals, one PI was introduced on a group of 10 seronegative calves maintained with a high animal density simulating the conditions of an intensive management. All 10 contact calves seroconverted to BVDV by day 30. Another PI calf was introduced into a 48-head herd kept under a low animal density, extensive grass management. Among these animals, 8/48 (16.6%) seroconverted by day 10, 26/48 (54.1%) by day 40 and 37/48 (77%) were seropositive at day 100, when the monitoring was discontinued. These results show that continuous viremia and virus shedding in high titers in secretions by PI animals assure an efficient and rapid virus transmission to contact animals, being the kinetics of transmission much faster under intensive conditions.

• Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV vírua da diarréia viral bovina

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Arenhart S., Bauermann F.V., Oliveira S.A.M., Weiblen R. & Flores E.F. 2009. [Shedding and transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus by persistently infected calves.] Excreção e transmissão do vírus da diarréia viral bovina por bezerros persistentemente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(9):736-742. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com Bezerros persistentemente infectados (PI) nascidos de vacas infectadas com amostras não-citopáticas do vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) se constituem nos principais reservatórios do vírus na natureza. Este trabalho relata uma investigação do padrão de excreção e transmissão viral por cinco bezerros PI produzidos experimentalmente pela inoculação de vacas prenhes com isolados brasileiros do BVDV. Cinco bezerros que sobreviveram a infecção intrauterina nasceram saudáveis, soronegativos e com a presença de vírus no sangue. Após o desmame - e desaparecimento dos anticorpos colostrais - os bezerros PI foram monitorados semanalmente durante 150 dias para a presença de vírus e títulos virais no soro e em secreções (ocular, oral, nasal e genital). Os títulos virais no soro de cada animal apresentaram pequenas variações durante o período (com exceção de um animal que apresentou um aumento de título tardiamente), mas os títulos variaram amplamente entre os animais (entre 102 e 106TCID50/ml). O vírus também foi excretado continuamente nas secreções de todos os animais, com pequenas variações de título entre as coletas. Os maiores títulos virais foram geralmente detectados nas secreções nasais e oculares (títulos de 104 a 106TCID50/mL), enquanto as secreções orais e genitais usualmente continham títulos virais baixos (102 a 103TCID50/mL). Com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica de transmissão viral, um bezerro PI foi introduzido em um grupo de 10 bezerros soronegativos, mantido com uma alta densidade animal e submetido a manejo diário para simular as condições de manejo semi-intensivo. Após 30 dias de convívio com o bezerro PI, todos os demais animais haviam soroconvertido ao BVDV. Para investigar a transmissão viral sob condições extensivas, outro bezerro PI foi incorporado a um rebanho de 48 animais mantido a campo, com baixa densidade animal e submetido a manejo extensivo. Dentre estes animais, 8/48 (16,6%) foram soropositivos para anticorpos no dia 10, 26/48 (54,1%) no dia 40 e 37/48 (77%) haviam soroconvertido no dia 100, quando encerrou-se o monitoramento. Estes resultados demonstram que a viremia e excreção viral contínua em altos títulos por animais PI assegura a transmissão rápida do BVDV a animais mantidos em contato, sendo a transmissão notadamente mais rápida em condições intensivas e de alta densidade animal.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho A.S., Oliveira Filho J.P., Silva D.P.G.S., Oliveira A.P., Marcondes J.S., Chiacchio S.B., Paes A.C., Amorim R.M. & Gonçalves R.C. 2009. [Experimental pneumonic mannheimiosis in calves: Nasal and nasopharingeal swabs for diagnostic.] Mannheimiose pulmonar experimental em bezerros: swab nasal e nasofaringeano como auxílio diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):83-88. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618000, Brazil. E-mail: zep.filho@hotmail.com An experimental model of bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM) was used to evaluate the nasal and nasopharynx bacterial species of calves during the course of the disease and for checking the diagnostic efficiency of nasal swab (NS) and nasopharingeal swab (NPS) microbiological exams. A total of 28 calves were randomized into four experimental groups (G1-G4). NS and NPS were obtained 7 days before and 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) hours after intrabronchial inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica. After the induction of BPM, M. haemolytica biotype A was the predominant isolated bacterium in NS and NPS in all evaluated sampling times, except for one NS (harvested 24 hours). There were no significant statistical differences for the rates of Pasteurella multocida isolation in NS and NPS, harvested before and after the induction of BPM. However, this bacterium was isolated more frequently after the induction of BPM, mainly in NPS. Therefore, the microbiological NS and NPS exams were important auxiliary tests for diagnosing BPM.

• Bacterial flora upper airway respiratory diseases bovine Mannheimia haemolytica

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Coutinho A.S., Oliveira Filho J.P., Silva D.P.G.S., Oliveira A.P., Marcondes J.S., Chiacchio S.B., Paes A.C., Amorim R.M. & Gonçalves R.C. 2009. [Experimental pneumonic mannheimiosis in calves: Nasal and nasopharingeal swabs for diagnostic.] Mannheimiose pulmonar experimental em bezerros: swab nasal e nasofaringeano como auxílio diagnóstico. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):83-88. Departamento de Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618000, Brazil. E-mail: zep.filho@hotmail.com An experimental model of bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM) was used to evaluate the nasal and nasopharynx bacterial species of calves during the course of the disease and for checking the diagnostic efficiency of nasal swab (NS) and nasopharingeal swab (NPS) microbiological exams. A total of 28 calves were randomized into four experimental groups (G1-G4). NS and NPS were obtained 7 days before and 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) hours after intrabronchial inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica. After the induction of BPM, M. haemolytica biotype A was the predominant isolated bacterium in NS and NPS in all evaluated sampling times, except for one NS (harvested 24 hours). There were no significant statistical differences for the rates of Pasteurella multocida isolation in NS and NPS, harvested before and after the induction of BPM. However, this bacterium was isolated more frequently after the induction of BPM, mainly in NPS. Therefore, the microbiological NS and NPS exams were important auxiliary tests for diagnosing BPM.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Feitosa F.L.F., Shimamura M.G., Roberto T., Mendes L.C.N., Peiró J.R., Feres F,C., Bovino, F., Perri S.H.V. & Meireles M.V. 2008. [Importance of Cryptospori-dium spp. as a cause of diarrhea in calves.] Importância de Cryptosporidium spp. como causa de diarréia em bezerros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):452-456. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br The aim of this research was to evaluate the shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal samples from 14 calves from one dairy farm, from birth until 60 days old and from cows until eight weeks after parturition. The higher percentage of oocysts excreted was observed in 7-day-old calves. In the post-partum period 43.7% of cows were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Further analyses were accomplished in 57 calves from another 32 milk farms, previously known as positive for Cryptosporidium, through oocysts fecal screening and clinical signs analyses until calves were 30 days old. Fecal samples from all animals that presented diarrhea were screened for the presence of bacteria, virus (Rotavirus and Coronavirus ) and protozoa (Eimeria spp.).

• Calves cows cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium spp

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Feitosa F.L.F., Shimamura M.G., Roberto T., Mendes L.C.N., Peiró J.R., Feres F,C., Bovino, F., Perri S.H.V. & Meireles M.V. 2008. [Importance of Cryptospori-dium spp. as a cause of diarrhea in calves.] Importância de Cryptosporidium spp. como causa de diarréia em bezerros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(10):452-456. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: leydsonf@fmva.unesp.br The aim of this research was to evaluate the shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in fecal samples from 14 calves from one dairy farm, from birth until 60 days old and from cows until eight weeks after parturition. The higher percentage of oocysts excreted was observed in 7-day-old calves. In the post-partum period 43.7% of cows were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Further analyses were accomplished in 57 calves from another 32 milk farms, previously known as positive for Cryptosporidium, through oocysts fecal screening and clinical signs analyses until calves were 30 days old. Fecal samples from all animals that presented diarrhea were screened for the presence of bacteria, virus (Rotavirus and Coronavirus ) and protozoa (Eimeria spp.).

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

• Calves Zebu taurine serum proteins immunoglobulins

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

• Beef calf Zebu taurine NBT Anaplasma marginale

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Dognani R., Vettorato E.D., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Neutrophil oxidative burst in Nelore and Limousin calves in the first four months of life.] Metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):431-436. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study some defence mechanisms of beef calves kept on range conditions, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were bled at 24 to 36 hours of life, 15, 30, 60, 90 and, 120 days. Leukogram and neutrophil oxidative burst through the non-stimulated and the stimulated NBT tests were determined. The parasitemia with Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina and B. bovis was investigated. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the age effect on leukocyte counts. Variation of positive neutrophil throughout the age was analysed through Krushkal-Wallis test. Comparisons among breeds were done using the Mann-Whithney test. The white blood cell count increased with age in both breeds, with a decrease in neutrophil and an increase in lymphocyte counts. The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio had been inverted before 15 days of life. The neutrophil oxidative burst was less effective in the newborn calves increasing with age. Limousin calves’ neutrophils had higher capacity to reduce NBT in advanced ages. The observed differences between taurine and Zebu calves had no effects on calves’ health and could be atributed to Anaplasma marginale natural and asynptomatic infection.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Michima L.E.S., Leal M.L.R., Bertagnon H.G., Fernandes W.R. & Benesi F.J. 2007. [Echocardiographic evaluation in Holstein calves.] Avaliação ecocardiográfica em bezerros da raça Holandesa. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(12):481-486. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 12/14, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lilianm@usp.br With the purpose of establishing echocardiographic measurements in Holstein calves, 25 calves, 8 to 28 days of age and body weight ranging from 27 to 57 kg, were used. The echocardiographic examination was proceeded in B and M-modes to obtain the following parameters, in diastole and systole: right ventricle (2.05±0.13cm and 1.59±0.13cm) and left ventricle internal diameter (3.91±0.09cm and 2.52±0.13cm), and interventricular septum (1.24±0.04cm and 1.62±0.06cm) and left ventricle free wall thickness (0.92±0.04cm and 1.50±0.05cm). The values for both left and right atria in systole were 2.97±0.12cm and 4.110.21cm, respectively. The left diastolic (67.90±3.65ml), systolic (25.32±3.05ml) and ejection (42.58±2.46ml) volumes, cardiac output (3857±339ml/min), aortic root diameter (2.52±0.05cm), E-point septal separation (0.65±0.08cm), left ventricle ejection time (0.39±0.02s), fractional shortening (36.27±2.40%) and ejection fraction (64.67±3.22%) were also calculated. There was a mean positive linear correlation (66.4%, P<0.01) between the aortic root diameter and the bodyweight, mean negative linear correlation (P<0.01) heart rate (69.1%) and cardiac output (62.4%). There was a tendency of the calves in between the left ventricle ejection time and presenting a smaller left chamber diameter, although maintained the relationship between myocardial wall thickness and functional indexes.

• Echocardiography cardiac indexes calf

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Michima L.E.S., Leal M.L.R., Bertagnon H.G., Fernandes W.R. & Benesi F.J. 2007. [Echocardiographic evaluation in Holstein calves.] Avaliação ecocardiográfica em bezerros da raça Holandesa. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(12):481-486. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Bloco 12/14, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: lilianm@usp.br With the purpose of establishing echocardiographic measurements in Holstein calves, 25 calves, 8 to 28 days of age and body weight ranging from 27 to 57 kg, were used. The echocardiographic examination was proceeded in B and M-modes to obtain the following parameters, in diastole and systole: right ventricle (2.05±0.13cm and 1.59±0.13cm) and left ventricle internal diameter (3.91±0.09cm and 2.52±0.13cm), and interventricular septum (1.24±0.04cm and 1.62±0.06cm) and left ventricle free wall thickness (0.92±0.04cm and 1.50±0.05cm). The values for both left and right atria in systole were 2.97±0.12cm and 4.110.21cm, respectively. The left diastolic (67.90±3.65ml), systolic (25.32±3.05ml) and ejection (42.58±2.46ml) volumes, cardiac output (3857±339ml/min), aortic root diameter (2.52±0.05cm), E-point septal separation (0.65±0.08cm), left ventricle ejection time (0.39±0.02s), fractional shortening (36.27±2.40%) and ejection fraction (64.67±3.22%) were also calculated. There was a mean positive linear correlation (66.4%, P<0.01) between the aortic root diameter and the bodyweight, mean negative linear correlation (P<0.01) heart rate (69.1%) and cardiac output (62.4%). There was a tendency of the calves in between the left ventricle ejection time and presenting a smaller left chamber diameter, although maintained the relationship between myocardial wall thickness and functional indexes.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bertagnon H.G., Da Silva P.E.G., Wachholz L., Leal M.L.R., Fernandes W.R. & Benesi F.J. 2007.[Immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract of healthy calves during their first month of life.] Imunoglobulinas no trato respiratório de bezerros sadios durante o primeiro mês de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(12):487-490. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: febencli@usp.br The immunoglobulin variation profile in lavages from the broncoalveolar and tracheo-bronchial regions of 20 healthy newborn Holstein male calves was studied. They were fed with colostrum and distributed into 2 groups, 10 animals each. Group 1 underwent the nasotracheal catheterization technique to get the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and Group 2 underwent the tracheocenthesis to collect the tracheobronchial lavage (TBL), both procedures being carried out at a 7-day-interval, starting on the first days up to about one month of life. Higher IgG contents, as compared to IgA, were noted across the respiratory tract. These immunoglobulins were impacted by the site of the respiratory tract washed, as well as by the calves’ life time in weeks. Higher immunoglobulin contents were detected in TBL, as well as higher IgM and IgA rates, as compared to BAL. The BAL immunoglobulins showed a tendency to be reduced in TBL.

• Immunoglobulin respiratory tract calves

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bertagnon H.G., Da Silva P.E.G., Wachholz L., Leal M.L.R., Fernandes W.R. & Benesi F.J. 2007.[Immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract of healthy calves during their first month of life.] Imunoglobulinas no trato respiratório de bezerros sadios durante o primeiro mês de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(12):487-490. Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil. E-mail: febencli@usp.br The immunoglobulin variation profile in lavages from the broncoalveolar and tracheo-bronchial regions of 20 healthy newborn Holstein male calves was studied. They were fed with colostrum and distributed into 2 groups, 10 animals each. Group 1 underwent the nasotracheal catheterization technique to get the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and Group 2 underwent the tracheocenthesis to collect the tracheobronchial lavage (TBL), both procedures being carried out at a 7-day-interval, starting on the first days up to about one month of life. Higher IgG contents, as compared to IgA, were noted across the respiratory tract. These immunoglobulins were impacted by the site of the respiratory tract washed, as well as by the calves’ life time in weeks. Higher immunoglobulin contents were detected in TBL, as well as higher IgM and IgA rates, as compared to BAL. The BAL immunoglobulins showed a tendency to be reduced in TBL.