PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vigário A.F. & Sabóia-Morais S.M.T. 2014. Effects of the 2,4-D herbicide on gills epithelia and liver of the fish Poecilia vivipara. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(6):523-528. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Catalão, Avenida Lamartine P. Avelar 1120, Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil. E-mail: afvbioufg@gmail.com The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, usually named 2,4-D is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. Acute toxicity of 2,4-D herbicide was investigated through its effects on guppies (Poecilia vivipara Bloch et Schneider 1801). Fish were exposed to the herbicide at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40μl per liter of water for 24 hours to determine its effects on gills and liver epithelia. The estimated LC50 was 34.64μl of 2,4-D per liter of water. Histochemical analyses and Feulgen’s reaction were conducted to detect glycoconjugates and DNA, respectively, in gills and liver epithelia. Histochemistry revealed qualitative variations of glycoconjugates present on mucous cells and granules. The four types of mucous cells contained neutral granules, acids, or both. Increasing amounts of syalomucins were observed from the control group to the group exposed to the highest concentration of 2,4-D, suggesting increased mucous viscosity and the formation of plaques that could inhibit gas exchange and osmoregulation. Lamellar fusion observed in the group exposed to 40μl of 2,4-D suggests a defense mechanism. Hepatocytes showed vacuolization in the 10 and 20μl/L groups. The 40 μl/L group showed normal hepatocytes as well as changed ones, many Ito cells, micronuclei, and nuclear swelling. These effects may be associated with toxicity or adaptative processes to cellular stress. The data from this study indicates the importance of assessing similar risks to aquatic species and suggests that Poecilia vivipara is an adequate biological model for analysis of environmental contamination.

• 2 4-D herbicide Poecilia vivipara herbicida 2 4-D

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Vigário A.F. & Sabóia-Morais S.M.T. 2014. Effects of the 2,4-D herbicide on gills epithelia and liver of the fish Poecilia vivipara. [Efeitos do herbicida 2,4-D no epitélio das brânquias e no fígado do peixe Poecilia vivípara.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(6):523-528. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Catalão, Avenida Lamartine P. Avelar 1120, Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO 75704-020, Brazil. E-mail: afvbioufg@gmail.com A toxicidade aguda do herbicida 2,4-D foi investigada através dos efeitos no peixe Poecilia vivípara (Bloch et Schneider, 1801). Grupos de peixes foram expostos ao herbicida nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 40ml por litro de água, durante 24 horas. As brânquias e o fígado foram estudados. A concentração letal média (CL50) do herbicida para a espécie em questão foi de 34,64ml/l. Foram realizadas colorações histoquímicas e coloração de Feulgen para identificar glicoconjugados e DNA, respectivamente, nos tecidos acima citados. Os métodos histoquímicos revelaram os tipos de glicoconjugados presentes nas células mucosas e nos grânulos. Os quatro tipos de células mucosas apresentaram glicoconjugados neutros, ácidos, ou ambos em um mesmo tipo celular. Observou-se a presença crescente de sialomucinas do grupo controle até o grupo exposto a maior concentração de 2,4-D, sugerindo aumento da viscosidade do muco e, consequentemente, formação de placas que impedem as trocas gasosas e a osmorregulação. A fusão lamelar observada no grupo exposto a 40ml de 2,4-D sugere ser um mecanismo de defesa. Os hepatócitos apresentaram processo de vacuolização nos grupos 10 e 20ml/l. No grupo de 40ml/l, observou-se a presença de células de Ito, micronúcleos e hepatócitos normais e outros com edema nuclear. Este estudo indica a importância da avaliação de riscos semelhantes a espécies aquáticas e sugere a espécie Poecilia vivipara como modelo biológico adequado para análises de contaminação ambiental.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Miranda R.L., Mundim A.V., Costa À.S., Guimarães R.V. & Silva F.O.C. 2008. Serum biochemistry of 4-day-old ostriches (Struthio camelus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):423-426. Laboratório Clínico Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2T, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil. E-mail: renatavetufu@yahoo.com.br An analysis was made of 30 four-day-old ostriches to evaluate their protein, metabolite, mineral, and serum enzyme profiles, to correlate them with the birds’ sex. The values obtained were: Total proteins 3.59±0.72g/dL, albumin 1.04±0.14g/dL, globulins 2.51±0.56g/dL, A:G ratio 0.43± 0.07, total cholesterol 615.10±101.15mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 132.72±20.33mg/dL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 454.93±90.81mg/dL, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) 27.45±9.96mg/dL, triglycerides 137.23±49.78mg/dL, uric acid 6.24±2.15mg/dL, urea 18.27±12.33mg/dL, creatinine 0.30±0.04mg/dL, total calcium 9.38± 0.76mg/dL, ionized calcium 7.17±0.64mg/dL, phosphorus 6.96±0.91mg/dL, Ca:P ratio 1.37±0.21, iron 24.74±13.02µg/dL, sodium 142.03±6.17mEq/L, chlorides 109.59± 4.99mEq/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 200.67±31.42 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 3.90±1.92 U/L, g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1.18±0.73 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 597.30± 231.36 U/L, and creatine kinase (CK) 2348.30±755.60 U/L. Males and females showed significant differences in total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase, A:G ratio, and uric acid.

• Serum biochemistry ostriches Struthio camelus

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Miranda R.L., Mundim A.V., Costa À.S., Guimarães R.V. & Silva F.O.C. 2008. Serum biochemistry of 4-day-old ostriches (Struthio camelus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):423-426. Laboratório Clínico Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2T, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil. E-mail: renatavetufu@yahoo.com.br An analysis was made of 30 four-day-old ostriches to evaluate their protein, metabolite, mineral, and serum enzyme profiles, to correlate them with the birds’ sex. The values obtained were: Total proteins 3.59±0.72g/dL, albumin 1.04±0.14g/dL, globulins 2.51±0.56g/dL, A:G ratio 0.43± 0.07, total cholesterol 615.10±101.15mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 132.72±20.33mg/dL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 454.93±90.81mg/dL, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) 27.45±9.96mg/dL, triglycerides 137.23±49.78mg/dL, uric acid 6.24±2.15mg/dL, urea 18.27±12.33mg/dL, creatinine 0.30±0.04mg/dL, total calcium 9.38± 0.76mg/dL, ionized calcium 7.17±0.64mg/dL, phosphorus 6.96±0.91mg/dL, Ca:P ratio 1.37±0.21, iron 24.74±13.02µg/dL, sodium 142.03±6.17mEq/L, chlorides 109.59± 4.99mEq/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 200.67±31.42 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 3.90±1.92 U/L, g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1.18±0.73 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 597.30± 231.36 U/L, and creatine kinase (CK) 2348.30±755.60 U/L. Males and females showed significant differences in total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase, A:G ratio, and uric acid.