Resultado da pesquisa (1410)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa G.
#11 - Obesity outcomes on electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and blood pressure parameters in cats
Abstract in English:
Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory process that is related to metabolic impairment, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular disease. In cats, few studies have evaluated the implications of obesity on the cardiovascular system, and the existing literature is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to detect pressure, electrocardiographic, and morphofunctional changes in overweight and obese cats. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, 45 animals were selected for the study. Cats were separated according to body condition score (BCS) into three groups (control, overweight, and obese). All animals underwent blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiogram. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. GraphPad Prism® 7.04 software was used for statistical analyses. Mean arterial pressure in obese cats was higher than in animals with ideal weight (CT 123.60 ± 8.97mmHg vs OB 143.00 ± 22.12mmHg, p<0.0138), but hypertension was not detected. On the electrocardiogram, P wave duration (CT 33.67 ± 1.56ms vs OB 37.76 ± 2.76ms; p<0.0003) and QRS complex (CT 48.14 ± 2.56ms vs OB 54.48 ± 5.51ms; p<0.002) were significantly higher in the obese group. There were no significant echocardiographic changes. There was a direct correlation between blood pressure and BCS (r:0.36, p<0.01). The P wave was positively correlated with the BCS (r:0.56, p<0.0001). Likewise, the QRS complex correlated directly with the BCS (r:0.52, p<0.0003). The results indicate cat obesity can directly affect the cardiovascular system, promoting pressure and electrocardiographic changes. Therefore, monitoring the cardiovascular system of cats with obesity is essential.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A obesidade é considerada um processo inflamatório crônico que está relacionada ao comprometimento metabólico, dificuldade respiratória e doenças cardiovasculares. Em gatos, poucos estudos avaliaram as implicações da obesidade no sistema cardiovascular e a literatura é controversa. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é detectar as alterações pressóricas, eletrocardiográficas e morfofuncionais em gatos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Quarenta e cinco animais, após avaliação clínica e laboratorial, foram selecionados para o estudo. Os gatos foram separados conforme o escore de condição corporal (ECC) em três grupos (controle, sobrepeso e obesidade). Todos os animais realizaram mensuração de pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma transtorácico. Os resultados foram apresentados como média ± desvio padrão (DP). Os dados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos se p<0,05. O software GraphPad Prism® 7.04 foi usado para análises estatísticas. A pressão arterial média dos gatos obesos era maior que nos animais com peso ideal (CT 123,60 ± 8,97mmHg vs OB 143,00 ± 22,12mmHg, p<0,0138), porém não se detectou hipertensão. No eletrocardiograma, a duração da onda P (CT 33,67 ± 1,56ms vs OB 37,76 ± 2,76ms; p<0,0003) e complexo QRS (CT 48,14 ± 2,56ms vs OB 54,48 ± 5,51ms; p<0,002) foi significativamente maior no grupo obeso. Não houve alterações ecocardiográficas significativas. Houve correlação direta da pressão arterial com o ECC (r:0,36, p<0,01). A onda P correlacionou-se positivamente com o ECC (r:0,56, p<0,0001). Do mesmo modo, o complexo QRS se correlacionou diretamente com o ECC (r:0,52, p<0,0003). Os resultados indicam que a obesidade em gatos pode afetar diretamente o sistema cardiovascular, promovendo alterações pressóricas e eletrocardiográficas. Sendo assim, é indispensável o acompanhamento do sistema cardiovascular dos gatos com obesidade.
#12 - Causes of death in domestic cats during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021): A multi-institutional necropsy study from Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Abstract in English:
Retrospective studies that address the diseases in the feline species are scarce. Herein, we presented the cause of death or euthanasia of cats from January 2020 to December 2021, during the first and second years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The data were obtained from necropsies performed by the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro and the Federal University of Mato Grosso. A total of 96 feline necropsies were performed. In 87 cases (90.6%), we established the reason for death, while in nine cases (9.4%), the diagnoses were inconclusive. We established the diagnostic groups: infectious and parasitic (37.5%), neoplasm (14.5%), malformation (7.3%), lower urinary tract disease (7.3%), degenerative (6.2%), traumas (6.2%), other causes (8.4%) and iatrogenic (3.1%). The most common cat diseases in Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro were infectious. The most common inflammatory lesions were bacterial and viral pneumonia. Alphaherpesvirus (FeHV), Mycoplasma sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were the main detected agents.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Estudos retrospectivos que abordam doenças em felinos domésticos são escassos. Apresentamos aqui a causa da morte ou razões para eutanásia de gatos domésticos entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro de 2021, durante o primeiro e segundo ano da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Os dados foram obtidos em necropsias realizadas pela Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro e Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Foram realizadas 96 necropsias de felinos. Em 87 casos (90,6%) foi estabelecido a causa da morte e em nove casos (9,4%) os diagnósticos foram inconclusivos. Estabelecemos os grupos diagnósticos: infecciosos e parasitários (37,5%), neoplasias (14,5%), malformações (7,3%), doenças do trato urinário inferior (7,3%), degenerativas (6,2%), traumas (6,2%), outras causas (8,4%) e iatrogênicas (3,1%). As doenças mais frequentes em gatos do Mato Grosso e Rio de Janeiro foram as infecciosas. As lesões inflamatórias mais frequentes foram as pneumonias bacterianas e virais. Os principais agentes detectados foram Alphaherpesvirus (FeHV), Mycoplasma sp. e Pseudomonas sp.
#13 - Serum and immunohistochemical analyses of troponin I in sheep experimentally poisoned with Palicourea marcgravii
Abstract in English:
Palicourea marcgravii is a lethal toxic plant widely distributed in Brazil. Ingestion of this plant causes cardiotoxic effects in animals, leading to acute heart failure without evident macroscopic changes in the heart due to the rapid progression of the disease. Currently, the diagnosis is confirmed based on microscopic identification of characteristic renal lesions. Although troponin is used as a biomarker for myocardial lesions in human and veterinary medicine, its serum levels in sheep poisoned with P. marcgravii remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine serum levels of troponin I and evaluate its expression in incipient heart lesions in sheep. Eight male sheep were experimentally intoxicated with 1g kg-1 of fresh P. marcgravii plants. The animals were physically examined every two hours, and blood samples were collected before the administration of the plant material and during the agonizing period immediately before death. Additionally, necropsy and immunohistochemistry were performed on cardiac tissue samples. All animals presented minimal serum levels of troponin I before plant administration, with a significant increase in these levels immediately before death, indicating leakage due to the cardiac injury. These results confirm the hypothesis that troponin is released into the bloodstream before morphological changes in the myocardium can be observed through conventional microscopy and immunohistochemical testing. These findings contribute to understanding the pathological mechanisms of this toxicity and may assist in the early diagnosis and treatment of affected animals.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Palicourea marcgravii é uma planta tóxica letal e amplamente disseminada no Brasil. Sua ingestão causa efeitos cardiotóxicos em animais, levando à insuficiência cardíaca aguda sem alterações macroscópicas evidentes no coração devido à rápida progressão da doença. A confirmação do diagnóstico atual se baseia na identificação microscópica das lesões renais características. Embora a troponina seja usada como biomarcador de lesões miocárdicas na medicina humana e veterinária, seus níveis séricos em ovinos intoxicados por P. marcgravii ainda são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os níveis séricos de troponina I e avaliar sua expressão em lesões incipientes no coração de ovinos. Oito ovinos machos foram experimentalmente intoxicados com 1g/kg da planta fresca. Os animais foram avaliados fisicamente a cada duas horas, e tiveram seu sangue coletado antes da administração da planta e durante a fase agônica, antes do óbito. Além disso, foram realizadas necropsia e imunohistoquímica em fragmentos cardíacos. Todos os animais apresentaram níveis mínimos de troponina antes da administração da planta, e mostraram aumento expressivo imediatamente antes do óbito, indicando extravasamento devido à lesão cardíaca. Esses resultados confirmam a hipótese de que a troponina é liberada na corrente sanguínea antes das alterações morfológicas no miocárdio serem observadas pela microscopia convencional e imunohistoquímica. Esses achados contribuem para a compreensão dos mecanismos patológicos dessa intoxicação e podem auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e tratamento em animais afetados.
#14 - Spontaneous poisoning of cattle by onion (Allium cepa) in Brazil
Abstract in English:
The state of Santa Catarina is the largest national producer of onions. The consumption of onion (Allium cepa) by domestic animals can cause hemolytic anemia and hyperhemoglobinemia of Heinz bodies in erythrocytes. The epidemiological data and the pathological clinical picture were obtained during a visit to the property where the disease occurred. A herd of 54 beef cattle from a property in the municipality of Bom Retiro/SC, was placed in an onion crop, which had not been completely harvested because it was outside the desired standard for trade. The animals remained in this field for eight days. At the end of this period, all of them presented apathy, anorexia, brown urine and mucous membranes and an onion odor on expiration. The macroscopic changes observed were pale mucous membranes, blood with decreased viscosity and increased clotting time, liver with an evident lobular pattern and remains of onion in the rumen. The carcass gave off a strong onion odor. By histological analysis, there was central lobular coagulation necrosis in bridging in the liver. In the kidneys, there were intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets in tubular epithelial cells and a deposit of eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. For the diagnosis of onion poisoning, epidemiological data associated with clinical signs, such as pale mucous membranes with evidence of hemoglobin pigmentation (brown mucosa) and hemoglobinuria, should be taken into account. This article seems to be the first report of onion poisoning in cattle in Brazil.
Abstract in Portuguese:
O estado de Santa Catarina é o maior produtor nacional de cebola. O consumo de cebola (Allium cepa) por animais domésticos pode causar anemia hemolítica, hiper-hemoglobinemia de corpúsculos de Heinz nos eritrócitos. Os dados epidemiológicos e o quadro clínico-patológico foram obtidos em visita à propriedade onde a enfermidade ocorreu. Um rebanho de 54 bovinos de corte de uma propriedade localizada no município de Bom Retiro/SC, foi colocado em uma lavoura de cebola, a qual não havia sido completamente colhida por estar fora do padrão desejado para o comércio. Os animais permaneceram por um período de oito dias nesta lavoura e, ao final deste período, todos apresentaram apatia, anorexia, urina e mucosas de coloração marrom e odor de cebola na expiração. As alterações macroscópicas observadas foram mucosas pálidas, sangue com viscosidade diminuída e aumento do tempo de coagulação, fígado com padrão lobular evidente e restos de cebola no rúmen. A carcaça exalava forte odor de cebola. Pela análise histológica havia, no fígado, necrose de coagulação centrolobular em ponte e nos rins havia gotas hialinas intracitoplasmáticas em células do epitélio tubular e depósito de material eosinofílico na luz de túbulos. Para o diagnóstico da intoxicação por cebola deve-se levar em conta principalmente os dados epidemiológicos associados aos sinais clínicos, como palidez de mucosas com evidências de pigmentação por hemoglobina (mucosa marrom) e hemoglobinúria. Este artigo parece ser o primeiro relato de intoxicação por cebola em bovinos no Brasil.
#15 - Feline application/inflammation-associated sarcoma: Gross aspects and histomorphological
Abstract in English:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Feline injection-site sarcomas in felines account for more than 40% of cutaneous and subcutaneous neoplasms in felines. The present study aimed to describe the macroscopic and histomorphological findings of feline application/injection sarcomas. Samples from 31 feline tumors with a history of feline application/inflammation sarcoma were re-evaluated regarding histological subtype, mitotic index and score, depth of tissue invasion, and presence of inflammation considering the location, intensity and predominant cell types. Of the 31 samples from felines diagnosed with sarcoma at the application/inflammation site, 87.15% were cats with no defined breed (NDB), with a mean age of 8.5 years. The predominant anatomical sites were the back and flank/abdomen, both with 29% (9/31), and the prevalent histological subtype was fibrosarcoma at 77.4% (24/31), followed by anaplastic giant cell sarcoma at 12.9% (4/31) and myxosarcoma 9.6% (3/31). The histological grade with the highest number of cases was III (51.6%), followed by Grade II (35.4%) and I (12.9%). The mean of the longest axis measurements varied between the different tumor grades without being significant, with the average being 2.5±2.79cm in Grade I tumors and 3.2±2.28cm in Grade II tumors. and 4.68±2.07cm in Grade III tumors. Necrosis was observed in 74.2% of tumors. The tissue inflammation score was mild to moderate in 58% of cases and severe in 32.2%, with lymphocytic and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates being prevalent, with 25.8% each, followed by lymphoplasmohistiocytic with 22.6%. The infiltration depth was 38.7% in muscle tissue, followed by 32.2% in the subcutaneous tissue. Pleomorphism was accentuated in 51.6%. Desmoplasia was moderate in 45.1%. Satellite nodules were present in 29% of cases, and 19.4% had macrophages with intracytoplasmic content suggestive of adjuvants. Surgical margins were infiltrated (M1) in 48.4% and narrowed in 25.8% (M2). The anatomical locations observed were different from those recommended by the Vaccine-Associated Feline Sarcoma Task Force (VAFST); in most cases, the adjuvanted macrophage was not present. From this data, we can suggest that sarcomas in felines are not only correlated to the vaccine application, corroborating the hypothesis that any material, whether liquid or solid, and any chronic inflammatory process in the subcutaneous tissue of cats can induce the entity if they are predisposed to do so. The detailed histomorphological data evaluated in this study were key points and provided important information about tumor behavior, being a tool for clinical-oncological decision-making.
#16 - Investigation of enterobacteria with zoonotic and multi-resistant potential in exotic parrots kept in a domestic environment
Abstract in English:
This investigation elucidated the presence of potentially zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in domestically reared psittacines. The present study was sanctioned by the Animal Ethics Committee of the State University of Ceará (CEUA-UECE) and bears registration number 03423745/2023. A total of 111 cloacal swab samples were procured from exotic psittacines encompassing six distinct species: the Australian budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), lovebirds (Agapornis sp.), rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri), red-rumped parrots (Psephotus haematonotus), and rosellas (Platycercus eximius). The process encompassed the isolation and characterization of enterobacteria and ascertaining their resistance profiles. Among the collected specimens, 70.2% (78/111) yielded growth indicative of one or more enterobacterial agents. The collective isolates comprised 110 strains encompassing 13 distinct bacterial species. Foremost among these was Escherichia coli, accounting for a significant percentage of the total isolates at 30% (33/110), followed by Pantoea agglomerans at 27.2% (30/110). The study revealed that 35.4% (39/110) of the isolates exhibited resistance to tobramycin, with tetracycline and fosfomycin showing resistance rates of 34.5% (38/110) and 30.9% (34/110), respectively. Particularly noteworthy was that E. coli showed a heightened propensity for tetracycline resistance at 51.5% (17/33), while resistance rates to tobramycin and gentamicin were 36.6% (12/33) and 15.1% (5/33), respectively. A noteworthy subset of the enterobacterial cohort exhibited multidrug resistance patterns (28.9%, 32/110). Collectively, these outcomes underscore not only an elevated prevalence of enterobacterial strains but also the pervasive phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance across a diverse spectrum of antimicrobial agents.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo investigou a presença de bactérias potencialmente zoonóticas e resistentes a antimicrobianos em psitacídeos criados em ambiente doméstico. Esse projeto foi aprovado pela Comissão de Ética para o Uso de Animais da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (CEUA-UECE), registrado sob o número 03423745/2023. Foram coletadas 111 amostras de suabes cloacais de psitacídeos exóticos de seis espécies, incluindo, periquitos-australianos (Melopsittacus undulatus), calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus), agapornis (Agapornis sp.), periquitos-de-colar (Psittacula krameri), periquitos-dorso-vermelho (Psephotus haematonotus) e roselas (Platycercus eximius). Foi realizado o isolamento e a identificação de enterobactérias e determinado o perfil de resistência. Das amostras coletadas, 70,2% (78/111) apresentaram crescimento para uma ou mais enterobactérias. Foram isoladas 110 cepas pertencentes a 13 espécies bacterianas. Escherichia coli apresentou o maior índice de isolamento, com 30% (33/110). Em segundo lugar Pantoea agglomerans, com um percentual de isolamento de 27,2% (30/110). Observou-se que 35,4% (39/110) das enterobactérias apresentaram resistência à tobramicina, seguidas da tetraciclina com 34,5% (38/110) e da fosfomicina com 30,9% (34/110). E. coli apresentou maior taxa de resistência a tetraciclina com 51,5% (17/33), seguida de 36,6% (12/33) para tobramicina e 15,1% (5/33) para gentamicina. Das enterobactérias analisadas 28,9% (32/110), apresentaram multirresistência. Os resultados indicam uma alta prevalência de enterobactérias, a resistência antimicrobiana foi constatada em diversas classes de antimicrobianos.
#17 - Viability of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle semen cryopreserved with different concentrations of cryoprotectant
Abstract in English:
Toxoplasma gondii can be eliminated in bovine semen. Cryopreserved semen is often used due to the fact that artificial insemination in dairy and beef cattle provides benefits in terms of production. However, little is known regarding the viability and infectivity of T. gondii tachyzoites in cryopreserved bovine semen. In the present study, cattle semen negative for T. gondii were contaminated with 1 x 106 tachyzoites (RH strain) and cryopreserved with and without different cryoprotectants, such as DMSO (concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% and 10.0%) and glycerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0%), followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). After 24 hours, the samples were thawed and inoculated in 10 mice per cryoprotectant concentration. The mice were evaluated for clinical signs of toxoplasmosis (rough coat, diarrhea, hypoactivity and sudden death) as well as serum titers of IgM and IgG and the presence of tachyzoites in the peritoneal lavage. The results revealed that T. gondii remained infective in all samples. Clinical signs of toxoplasmosis were observed in the mice beginning with the 6th day post-inoculation (DPI) and 100% lethality was found between the 7th and 9th DPI. Viable tachyzoites were recovered from peritoneal exudate of dead mice (except for the control group), with higher mean of tachyzoite counts in the intraperitoneal lavage for 5% DMSO (±3.32 x 106), 8% DMSO (±3.53 x 106), 3% glycerol (±4.75 x 106), 7.5% glycerol (±6.26 x 106) and the absence of cryoprotectant (±3.11 x 106). Seroconversion occurred in the treated groups, with titers of IgG from 1:16 to 1:128 and IgM from 1:16 to 1:512. T. gondii viability and infectivity were maintained in cattle semen during 24 hours of cryopreservation at -196°C with and without cryoprotectant. However, further studies are necessary to determine whether cryopreserved semen contributes to the spread of toxoplasmosis through artificial insemination.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Sabe-se que Toxoplasma gondii pode ser eliminado no sêmen bovino. A inseminação artificial em bovinos leiteiros e de corte proporcionou avanços e benefícios nas produções e para isso o sêmen criopreservado é frequentemente utilizado. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a viabilidade e infectividade dos taquizoítos de T. gondii em sêmen bovino criopreservado. Para isso o sêmen bovino, negativo para T. gondii, foi contaminado com 1x106 taquizoítos (cepa RH), criopreservados com ou sem diferentes crioprotetores como DMSO (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 8.0% e 10.0%) e Glicerol (2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.5% e 10.0%) e congelados em nitrogênio líquido (-196°C). Após 24 horas, essas amostras foram descongeladas e inoculadas em 10 camundongos por diluente de concentração de crioprotetor. Os camundongos foram avaliados quanto a sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose (pele áspera, diarreia, hipoatividade e morte súbita), títulos séricos de IgM e IgG e presença de taquizoítos no lavado peritoneal. Os resultados mostraram que T. gondii se manteve infectante em todas as amostras, inclusive naquelas sem crioprotetor. Sinais clínicos de toxoplasmose foram observados nos camundongos a partir do 6º dia pós-inoculação (DPI) e 100% de letalidade foi verificada entre o 7º ao 9º DPI. Nos camundongos mortos, exceto no grupo controle, taquizoítos viáveis foram recuperados do exsudato peritoneal, com maior média de taquizoítos quantificados na lavagem intraperitoneal para DMSO a 5% (±3.32x106), 8% (±3.53x106) e glicerol 3% (±4.75x106), 7,5% (±6.26x106) e livre de crioprotetor (±3.11x106). A soroconversão ocorreu nos grupos tratados com títulos de IgG (1:16 a 1:128) e IgM (1:16 a 1:512). A viabilidade e infectividade do T. gondii no sêmen bovino durante as 24 horas de criopreservação a -196°C foram mantidas com ou sem crioprotetor. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para verificar se o sêmen criopreservado contribui para a disseminação da toxoplasmose na inseminação artificial.
#18 - Iron interference in hemoglobin production in piglets from birth to weaning
Abstract in English:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in humans is defined as the decrease of total hemoglobin concentration and the non-production of the adult hemoglobin subtype 2 – HbA2 (α2δ2 chains), which is considered a marker of IDA severity in humans, dosed together with the iron serum. This study aimed to determine the standard of hemoglobin types in piglets induced to experimentally IDA in the first 21 days of life (delivery to weaning). In the present study, 40 piglets born from four naïve gilts, were randomly and equally assigned among the gilts. On the third day after delivery, the groups were randomly distributed in different environments (cement and clay floors) and according to the iron supplementation (iron dextran and placebo). Erythrocyte parameters, serum iron, and hemoglobin trait were analyzed at four moments between birth and weaning days. The group of piglets that did not receive iron dextran supplementation on the third-day post-birth and were placed in the pen without soil did not present HbA2 from the seventh day onwards on the agarose electrophoretogram (pH 8.6) and this observation was correlated to decrease of serum iron (ρ: 0.156, p=0.003) when compared to the other groups’ piglets that did not present iron deficiency. In the present study was possible to determine the swine hemoglobin pattern in IDA, since HbA2 was absent in piglets with IDA in comparison to the non-ferropenic groups and the correlation between the reduction of iron levels and the absence of HbA2.
Abstract in Portuguese:
A anemia por deficiência de ferro (ADF) em humanos é definida como a diminuição da concentração de hemoglobina total e a não produção da hemoglobina adulta subtipo 2 – HbA2 (cadeias α2δ2), que é considerada um marcador de gravidade de IDA em humanos, dosado em conjunto com o soro de ferro. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o padrão dos tipos de hemoglobina em leitões induzidos experimentalmente à IDA nos primeiros 21 dias de vida (parto ao desmame). Quarenta leitões, nascidos de quatro marrãs nulíparas, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente e igualmente entre as leitoas. No terceiro dia após o parto, os grupos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em diferentes ambientes (piso de cimento e barro) e de acordo com a suplementação de ferro (ferro dextrano e placebo). Parâmetros eritrocitários, ferro sérico e traço de hemoglobina foram analisados em quatro momentos, entre o nascimento e o desmame. O grupo de leitões que não recebeu suplementação de ferro dextrano no terceiro dia pós-parto e foi colocado em baia sem solo não apresentou HbA2 a partir do sétimo dia no eletroforetograma de agarose (pH 8,6) e esta observação foi correlacionada com diminuição da concentração sérica ferro (ρ: 0,156, p=0,003) quando comparados aos demais grupos leitões que não apresentavam deficiência de ferro. No presente estudo foi possível determinar o padrão hemoglobinêmico suíno na IDA, uma vez que, a HbA2 estava ausente nos leitões com ADF em comparação aos grupos não ferropênicos e há correlação entre a redução dos níveis de ferro e a ausência de HbA2.
#19 - Outbreaks of philophthalmiasis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Northeast Brazil
Abstract in English:
This study discusses the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological characteristics of two outbreaks of ocular infection in ostriches (Struthio camelus) caused by the trematode Philophthalmus sp. The outbreaks occurred in the states of Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. Ostrich farming was categorized as semi-intensive farming with free access to the weir and river. The clinical symptoms for infection included nictitating membrane inflammation, epiphora (tearing), eyelid edema, ocular congestion, eyeball destruction, emaciation, and death, and the infection period ranged from 8 to 16 months. Macroscopically, thickening of the eyelids and conjunctiva were observed, with orange parasites infestation. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as lymphoplasmacytic and heterophilic, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, chronic conjunctivitis associated with hyperplasia and ectasia of the Harderian gland, and numerous parasites. The parasites were oval and flattened with an oral suction cup, acetabulum, and thick cuticle containing spicules. The diagnosis of philophthalmiasis was based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings associated with the morphological characteristics of the parasites present in the conjunctival sacs which were similar to the trematode Philophthalmus sp. Philophthalmiasis can occur in ostriches raised on urban and rural properties in Northeastern Brazil, probably associated with the contact of birds with contaminated water, and is characterized by severe conjunctivitis that can result in the loss of the eyeball and death of the animals.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Descrevem-se as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e patológicas de dois surtos de infecção ocular pelo trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. em avestruzes ocorridos nos estados do Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte no Nordeste do Brasil. As propriedades tinham em comum, a criação semi-intensiva e livre acesso a açude e rio. Os sinais clínicos incluíam protrusão da membrana nictante, lacrimejamento, edema palpebral, congestão ocular, destruição do globo ocular, emagrecimento e morte. A evolução clínica variou de oito a 16 meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se espessamento das pálpebras e conjuntivas associado a numerosas estruturas parasitárias alaranjadas. No segundo surto, as lesões eram mais graves e consistiam em perda do globo ocular direito e anexos. Histologicamente, as lesões caracterizavam-se por conjuntivite linfoplasmocítica e heterofílica, multifocal a coalescente, moderada, crônica associada a hiperplasia e ectasia da glândula de Harderian e numerosas estruturas parasitárias. Os parasitas eram ovalados, achatados com ventosa oral e acetábulo e cutícula espessa contendo espículas. O diagnóstico de filoftalmíase foi realizado com base nos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos associadas as características morfológicas dos parasitas presentes nos sacos conjuntivais compatíveis com o trematódeo Philophthalmus sp. A filoftalmíase pode ocorrer em avestruzes criados em propriedades urbanas e rurais no Nordeste do Brasil, provavelmente associado ao contato das aves com água contaminada e caracteriza-se por quadros de conjuntivite grave que pode resultar com a perda do globo ocular e morte dos animais.
#20 - Characterization of coccidiosis and evaluation of suggestive cases of subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers
Abstract in English:
This study performed the characterization of coccidiosis in broilers and evaluated the occurrence of suggestive cases of necrotic enteritis (NE), seeking if there is an association between the diseases in Brazilian flocks. Two hundred and fifty-six birds from 32 flocks were evaluated. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions were graduated for coccidiosis and NE. Intestinal content was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for seven species of Eimeria and by selective anaerobic culture for Clostridium perfringens and identification of the NetB gene. Flocks positive for coccidiosis represented 93.8%. Macroscopic lesions of coccidiosis were Grade 1 for E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9.7%) and E. maxima (8.9%). Histopathological evaluation showed Grade 1 in duodenum (38.2%); jejunum (21.4%); cecum (9.3%) and ileum (5%). PCR demonstrated positivity for E. tenella (21.9%), E. maxima (18.8%), and E. acervulina (3.1%). Suggestive macroscopic lesions of necrotic enteritis ranged from Grade 1 (16%), 2 (23%) and 3 (10,9%). Histopathology indicated the absence of necrosis, showing only hemorrhage in the mucosa and submucosa, with the presence of Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens type A netB+ was not isolated, demonstrating that macroscopic lesions found mostly in the jejunum did not characterize NE, based on histopathology and negativity of the NetB gene. The study suggests that, due to the high occurrence of coccidiosis, many macroscopic findings suggestive of NE are, in fact, attributed to atypical lesions caused by the reproduction of Eimeria spp.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo realizou a caracterização de coccidiose em frangos de corte e avaliou a ocorrência de casos sugestivos de enterite necrótica (EN), buscando se há alguma associação entre estas duas enfermidades em lotes de frango de corte no Brasil. Foram avaliadas 256 aves de 32 lotes. Lesões macroscópicas e histopatológicas foram graduadas para coccidiose e EN. O conteúdo intestinal foi investigado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para sete espécies de Eimeria e por cultura anaeróbia seletiva para Clostridium perfringens e identificação do gene NetB. Os lotes positivos para coccidiose representaram 93,8%. Lesões macroscópicas de coccidiose foram de Grau 1 para E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9,7%) e E. maxima (8,9%). A avaliação histopatológica mostrou Grau 1 no duodeno (38,2%); jejuno (21,4%); ceco (9,3%) e íleo (5%). A PCR demonstrou positividade para E. tenella (21,9%), E. maxima (18,8%) e E. acervulina (3,1%). Lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de enterite necrótica variaram de grau 1 (16%), 2 (23%) e 3 (10,9%). A histopatologia indicou ausência de necrose, apresentando apenas hemorragia em mucosa e submucosa, com presença de Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens tipo A netB + não foi isolado, demonstrando que lesões macroscópicas encontradas principalmente no jejuno não caracterizaram NE, com base na histopatologia e negatividade do gene NetB. O estudo sugere que, em virtude da alta ocorrência de coccidiose nos lotes, muitos achados macroscópicos sugestivos de EN são, na verdade, atribuídos a lesões atípicas provocadas pela reprodução de Eimeria spp.
