PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Ueda B.H., Karling L.C., Takemoto R.M. & Pavanelli G.C. 2013. Parasites of the freshwater fish trade in Brazil: science metric study. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(7):851-854. Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: bhueda@gmail.com This paper presents a science metric study of parasites of fish farming in Brazil, including a significant review of the literature. The methodology used was based on researching articles in three different databases, carried out ​on May 2012: ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Google Academic. The number of articles on fish parasites is mounting (currently over 110), having much increased since 1995. However, the quantity is still low compared with the amount of papers on parasites of fish from natural environments. In Brazil, the farmed fish that have been studied the most are pacu, tilapia and tambaqui. Monogeneans represent the most prevalent group, followed by protozoa and crustaceans. The regions most researched were the southeast and south, making up 84% of the total literature. The main issue addressed in articles was pathology, followed by treatment and record. In conclusion, the treatment of parasitic diseases of farmed fish in Brazil is still incipient, highlighting the importance and usefulness of management practices to prevent the occurrence of health problems.

• Fish farms freshwater fishes science metrics piscicultura peixes de cultivo cienciometria

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Ueda B.H., Karling L.C., Takemoto R.M. & Pavanelli G.C. 2013. Parasites of the freshwater fish trade in Brazil: science metric study. [Parasitas de peixes de cultivo e de interesse comercial do Brasil: estudo cienciométrico.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(7):851-854. Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail: bhueda@gmail.com Este trabalho apresenta o estudo cienciométrico dos parasitos de peixes de cultivo do Brasil, incluindo significativa revisão da literatura. A metodologia adotada se baseou na pesquisa dos artigos feita no mês de maio de 2012 em três bancos de dados: ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) e Google Acadêmico. O número de artigos sobre parasitos de peixes cultivados está aumentando (autalmente mais de 110), havendo um crescimento a partir de 1995. Entretanto o número ainda é baixo se comparado ao número de artigos de parasitos de peixes de ambientes naturais. No Brasil, os peixes de cultivo mais estudados são pacu, tilápia e tambaqui. Os monogenéticos foram os grupos mais prevalente, seguido de protozoários e crustáceos. As regiões mais pesquisadass foram o sudeste e sul, perfazendo 84% da produção bibliográfica total. O principal assunto abordado nos artigos foi patologia, seguido por tratamento e registro. Conclui-se que os tratamentos das parasitoses de peixes de piscicultura no Brasil ainda são incipientes, ressaltando a importância e utilidade das boas práticas de manejo para evitar o aparecimento de problemas sanitários.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva J.B., Fonseca A.H., Andrade S.J.T., Silva A.G.M., Oliveira C.M.C. & Barbosa J.D. 2013. [Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil.] Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(5):581-585. Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Facudade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jenevaldo@hotmail.com The aim was to study the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from State of Pará, Brazil. Three hundred and nineteen buffaloes were randomly selected into seven municipalities of Marajó Island. For comparative purposes, 128 buffaloes of five municipalities in the state of Pará were also evaluated. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was evaluated by Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The samples diagnosed as positive in iELISA were subjected to Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). We evaluated risk factors: location, breed, pregnancy and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis. The frequency of animals positive for T. gondii in iELISA were compared by chi-square (&#967;2) with 95% confidence. Variables with p <0.2 were subjected to logistic regression analysis; the model was built based on the “odds ratios” test. The prevalence of T. gondii in iELISA was 41,6% (186/447). In IFAT, 86,5% (161/186) had their positivity for T. gondii confirmed. The average prevalence in the municipalities of the Marajó Island and of the mainland was 32% (103/319) and 55% (70/128), respectively. The municipalities with the highest prevalence were Soure (53%) and Salvaterra (49%) in Marajó Island, and Castanhal (55%) and Thailândia (50%) in the Continent. The breed and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis presented no influence on the prevalence of T. gondii. Additionally, pregnant animals were 57% more positive for T. gondii than nonpregnant animals. The presence of antibodies is an indicative of T. gondii in buffaloes in the state of Pará, and these findings represent a risk not only for farm animals, but to public health as a source of infection.

• Toxoplasma gondii

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Silva J.B., Fonseca A.H., Andrade S.J.T., Silva A.G.M., Oliveira C.M.C. & Barbosa J.D. 2013. [Serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil.] Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(5):581-585. Laboratório de Imunodiagnóstico, Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Facudade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jenevaldo@hotmail.com O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a prevalência sorológica de Toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Foram selecionados randomicamente 319 bubalinos distribuídos em sete municípios da Ilha do Marajó. Para efeito comparativo também foram avaliados 128 bubalinos pertencentes a cinco municípios do Estado do Pará. A prevalência sorológica de Toxoplasma gondii foi avaliada pelo Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimático Indireto (iELISA). As amostras diagnósticadas como positivas no iELISA foram submetidas a Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Foram avaliados os fatores de risco: localidade, raça, gestação, co-infecção por Brucella abortus e co-infecção por Mycobacterium bovis. As frequências de animais positivos no iELISA para T. gondii foram comparadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado (&#967;2) com 95% de confiabilidade. As variáveis com p<0,2 foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística, sendo o modelo construído baseado no teste da “odds ratios”. A prevalência de T. gondii observada no iELISA foi de 41,6% (186/447). Na RIFI, 86,5% (161/186) das amostram positivas no iELISA tiveram sua positividade para T. gondii confirmada. A prevalência média nos municípios da Ilha do Marajo e do Continente foi de 32% (103/319) e 55% (70/128), respectivamente. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores prevalências foram Soure (53%) e Salvaterra (49%) na Ilha do Marajó e Castanhal (55%) e Tailândia (50%) no Continente. Os fatores de risco raça e co-infecção por Brucella abortus ou Mycobacterium bovis não influenciaram na prevalência de T. gondii. Além disso, animais gestantes foram 57% mais positivos para T. gondii do que animais não gestantes. A circulação de anticorpos é um indicativo da presença do agente da toxoplasmose em búfalos no Estado do Pará. Esses achados representam um risco não apenas para os animais de produção, mas à saúde pública, como uma fonte de infecção.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Pinheiro C.P., Bomjardim H.A., Andrade S.J.T., Faial K.C.F., Oliveira C.M.C. & Barbosa J.D. 2011. [Levels of phosphorus, copper, cobalt and zinc in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on Marajo Island, Pará.] Níveis de fósforo, cobre, cobalto e zinco em bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) na Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(3):193-198. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Pirapora, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: cleytonpinheiro@hotmail.com The study comprised 104 adults buffaloes, without distinction of race and sex, reared extensively, without supplementation, in native pastures of low nutritional quality, in the municipalities of Breves, Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra and Soure, Marajo Island, Pará. Samples of liver, bone and blood were collected from 26 animals in the municipality of Salvaterra, from 38 animals in the municipality of Soure, from 20 animals in the municipality of Breves and from 20 animals in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari. Determination of the levels of phosphorus in the blood serum and bone ash, and of the specific gravity of bone, and of cobalt, copper and zinc in liver tissue were performed. The average phosphorus concentrations in blood serum (6.26mg/dl) and bone (10.77%), the percentage of ash (60.87%) and specific gravity (1.59g/ml) of bone were lower than the critical levels established for cattle, characterizing phosphorus deficiency. The average concentrations of copper (5.57ppm) and zinc (27.05ppm) was considered low when compared with reference values, characterizing deficiency for these elements. In the case of cobalt when considering the detectable and undetectable values by the methodology, it was observed that 51.92% of the animals had levels below the reference, indicating the occurrence of cobalt deficiency in these animals. It is emphasized that the deficiencies of copper and zinc were the most severe since all animals studied showed deficient levels of these elements.

• Phosphorus copper cobalt zinc buffaloes Fósforo cobre cobalto zinco bubalinos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Pinheiro C.P., Bomjardim H.A., Andrade S.J.T., Faial K.C.F., Oliveira C.M.C. & Barbosa J.D. 2011. [Levels of phosphorus, copper, cobalt and zinc in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on Marajo Island, Pará.] Níveis de fósforo, cobre, cobalto e zinco em bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) na Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(3):193-198. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Castanhal, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Pirapora, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: cleytonpinheiro@hotmail.com Foram estudados 104 bubalinos, adultos, sem distinção de raça e sexo, criados extensivamente, sem suplementação, em pastagens nativas de baixa qualidade nutricional, dos municípios de Breves, Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra e Soure, Ilha de Marajó, Pará. Realizou-se coleta de amostras de fígado, osso e sangue de 26 animais do município de Salvaterra, 38 animais do município de Soure, 20 animais do município de Breves e 20 animais do município de Cachoeira do Arari. Foram realizadas determinações dos teores de fósforo, no soro sanguíneo e no osso, do percentual de cinzas e da densidade específica no tecido ósseo, e de cobalto, cobre e zinco no tecido hepático. Observou-se que a média das concentrações de fósforo no soro sanguíneo (6,26mg/dl) e no osso (10,77%), a percentagem de cinzas (60,87%) e a densidade específica (1,59g/ml) do osso foram inferiores aos níveis críticos estabelecidos para bovinos, caracterizando deficiência de fósforo. As concentrações médias de cobre (5,57ppm), e zinco (27,05ppm) foram consideradas baixas quando comparadas com valores de referência, caracterizando deficiência para estes elementos. No caso do cobalto, quando se considerou os valores detectáveis e não detectáveis pela metodologia observou-se que 51,92% dos animais apresentaram níveis inferiores aos de referência, demonstrando a ocorrência da deficiência de cobalto nesses animais. Ressalta-se que as deficiências de cobre e zinco demonstraram uma maior gravidade já que todos os animais estudados apresentaram níveis deficientes nesses elementos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva S.P., Mota R.A., Faria E.B., Fernandes E.F.T.S., Neto O.L.S., Albuquerque P.P.F. & Dias H.L.T. 2010 [Occurrence of IgG antibodies anti-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in the Brazilian state of Pará.] Anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) criadas no estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):443-446. Laboratório de Investigação e Diagnóstico de Enfermidades Animais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: spatroca@yahoo.com.br To investigate the occurrence of antibodies IgG anti-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii, blood samples were collected from 374 adult female water buffaloes originated from 14 production units located in 13 counties of the state of Pará. The sera were subjected to indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), using titers of 200 and 64 as IFA cut off points for N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Hundred and fifty three (40.9%) buffaloes were sero-positive for N. caninum, with 100% of the properties being sources of infection. Four buffaloes (1.1%) in four farms were seropositive for T. gondii, and one buffalo cow (0.27%) was seropositive for the two parasites. The presence of antibodies indicates that these protozoan parasites are circulating among buffaloes from the properties studied, representing a source of infection to other animals, as well as a possible cause of reproductive disorders in this species.

• Neosporosis toxoplasmosis Neospora caninum Toxoplasma gondii neosporose toxoplasmose

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Silva S.P., Mota R.A., Faria E.B., Fernandes E.F.T.S., Neto O.L.S., Albuquerque P.P.F. & Dias H.L.T. 2010 [Occurrence of IgG antibodies anti-Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) raised in the Brazilian state of Pará.] Anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) criadas no estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):443-446. Laboratório de Investigação e Diagnóstico de Enfermidades Animais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. E-mail: spatroca@yahoo.com.br Para determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos IgG anti-Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em 14 unidades produtivas de búfalos, situadas em 13 municípios no estado do Pará, foram coletadas amostras de soro sanguíneo de 374 fêmeas adultas. Os soros foram submetidos à reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), utilizando-se os títulos 200 e 64, respectivamente como ponto de corte para N. caninum e T. gondii. Obteve-se 153 (40,9%) de animais soropositivos para N. caninum com 100% das propriedades com focos da infecção, enquanto que quatro búfalas (1,1%) foram soropositivas em quatro fazendas para T. gondii e uma búfala (0,27%) foi soropositiva para ambos parasitos. A presença de anticorpos é um indicativo da circulação desses protozoários em búfalos das propriedades estudadas, representando uma fonte de infecção para outros animais, assim como o possível envolvimento em distúrbios reprodutivos nessa espécie.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Srivastav A.K., Singh S., Mishra D. & Srivastav S.K. 2009. Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, in response to calcitonin administration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):963-968. Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India. E-mail: ajaiksrivastav@hotmail.com The absence o!!f a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin (CT) in fishes has been suggested due to exceedingly high plasma levels of CT; the fish may be saturated with respect of circulating CT and therefore unable to respond to exogenously administered CT. Earlier it has been suggested that a hypocalcemic action of injected CT may be obscured by changes in the release of endogenous CT and other calcium regulating hormones. In this study we have used artificial freshwater, calcium-deficient freshwater and calcium-rich freshwater and injected the fish with CT. The aim behind selecting these media were (i) in calcium-deficient medium there would be reduced circulating levels of CT, (ii) in calcium-rich medium there would be diminished secretion of prolactin (this hormone is hypercalcemic in fish), and (iii) by keeping the fish in calcium-rich medium we can test the antihypercalcemic action of CT. Moreover, the present study would reveal the changes in the ultimobranchial gland (UBG) after keeping the fish in all the above three media and/or injecting the fish with CT. Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were administered intraperitoneally daily with vehicle or 0.5 U/100g body wt of salmon calcitonin (CT) and kept in artificial freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater and calcium-deficient freshwater for 10 days. Blood samples were collected on 1, 3, 5, and 10 days following the treatment and analyzed for serum calcium levels. The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) was also fixed for histological studies on these intervals. In artificial freshwater there was no change in the serum calcium levels of calcitonin-injected fish. The ultimobranchial gland of calcitonin-injected fish exhibited a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume from day 5 onwards. On day 10 vacuolization in the gland was also noticed. In vehicle-injected fish (control) kept in calcium-rich freshwater hypercalcemia has been noticed which persists till the end of the experiment. In calcitonin-treated fish maintained in calcium-rich freshwater there is no change in serum calcium level as compared to vehicle-injected fish. In vehicle-injected fish the UBG depicts decreased staining response and increased nuclear volume at day 5. On day 10 the nuclear volume is further increased and few degenerating cells have been noticed. Calcitonin fails to induce any histological change in the UBG as compared to control. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the serum calcium levels decrease from day 1 to day 3. The levels exhibit hypercalcemia on day 10. CT treatment to the fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater evokes a decrease in the calcium levels on day 1 and day 3. A significant hypercalcemia has been noticed on day 5 and day 10. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG reveals a decreased staining response on day 10. In CT-injected fish maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG depicts an increased nuclear volume and few exhausted cells on day 10. It can be concluded that CT can provoke hypocalcemia only when the fish is kept in medium which reduces the circulating levels of this hormone. The UBG of the fish kept in different calcemic media responded in a manner to indicate that it produces hypocalcemic factor - CT.

• Calcitonin Heteropneustes fossilis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Srivastav A.K., Singh S., Mishra D. & Srivastav S.K. 2009. Ultimobranchial gland of freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, in response to calcitonin administration. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(12):963-968. Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, India. E-mail: ajaiksrivastav@hotmail.com The absence o!!f a hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin (CT) in fishes has been suggested due to exceedingly high plasma levels of CT; the fish may be saturated with respect of circulating CT and therefore unable to respond to exogenously administered CT. Earlier it has been suggested that a hypocalcemic action of injected CT may be obscured by changes in the release of endogenous CT and other calcium regulating hormones. In this study we have used artificial freshwater, calcium-deficient freshwater and calcium-rich freshwater and injected the fish with CT. The aim behind selecting these media were (i) in calcium-deficient medium there would be reduced circulating levels of CT, (ii) in calcium-rich medium there would be diminished secretion of prolactin (this hormone is hypercalcemic in fish), and (iii) by keeping the fish in calcium-rich medium we can test the antihypercalcemic action of CT. Moreover, the present study would reveal the changes in the ultimobranchial gland (UBG) after keeping the fish in all the above three media and/or injecting the fish with CT. Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were administered intraperitoneally daily with vehicle or 0.5 U/100g body wt of salmon calcitonin (CT) and kept in artificial freshwater, calcium-rich freshwater and calcium-deficient freshwater for 10 days. Blood samples were collected on 1, 3, 5, and 10 days following the treatment and analyzed for serum calcium levels. The ultimobranchial gland (UBG) was also fixed for histological studies on these intervals. In artificial freshwater there was no change in the serum calcium levels of calcitonin-injected fish. The ultimobranchial gland of calcitonin-injected fish exhibited a progressive decrease in the nuclear volume from day 5 onwards. On day 10 vacuolization in the gland was also noticed. In vehicle-injected fish (control) kept in calcium-rich freshwater hypercalcemia has been noticed which persists till the end of the experiment. In calcitonin-treated fish maintained in calcium-rich freshwater there is no change in serum calcium level as compared to vehicle-injected fish. In vehicle-injected fish the UBG depicts decreased staining response and increased nuclear volume at day 5. On day 10 the nuclear volume is further increased and few degenerating cells have been noticed. Calcitonin fails to induce any histological change in the UBG as compared to control. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the serum calcium levels decrease from day 1 to day 3. The levels exhibit hypercalcemia on day 10. CT treatment to the fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater evokes a decrease in the calcium levels on day 1 and day 3. A significant hypercalcemia has been noticed on day 5 and day 10. In vehicle-injected fish kept in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG reveals a decreased staining response on day 10. In CT-injected fish maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater the UBG depicts an increased nuclear volume and few exhausted cells on day 10. It can be concluded that CT can provoke hypocalcemia only when the fish is kept in medium which reduces the circulating levels of this hormone. The UBG of the fish kept in different calcemic media responded in a manner to indicate that it produces hypocalcemic factor - CT.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Esteves P.R., Araújo K.P.C., Teixeira D.G., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S., Morini A.C., Morini Junior J.C., Duarte C.N., Bombonato P.P., Miglino M.A. & Mariana A.N.B. 2009. Study of the cardiac left atrioventricular valvar complex in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of the Jafarabadi breed. [Estudo do complexo valvar atrioventricular cardíaco esquerdo em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) da raça Jafarabadi.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):852-858. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508- 900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br [Estudo do complexo valvar atrioventricular cardíaco esquerdo em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) da raça Jafarabadi.] Foram estudados os complexos valvares atrioventricular esquerdo de 30 búfalos da raça Jafarabadi, machos e adultos, sem alterações cardíacas, provenientes de abatedouros do Estado do Paraná. Os corações foram examinados em seu terço médio para acesso ao complexo valvar, que foi submetido a estudos de área, número e tipificação de cordas tendíneas. Os resultados demonstram que este complexo é formado por duas cúspides principais e quatro cúspides acessórias, apresentam em sua formação de 2-3 músculos papilares, nos quais se inserem de 10-25 cordas tendíneas, que se fixam em cúspides voltadas para a parede do ventrículo. A área total deste complexo apresenta uma média de 38,56cm2 com um mínimo de 24,96cm2 e um máximo de 55,54cm2. Estatisticamente não há relação entre número de cordas e a área da cúspide onde estas estão inseridas, nem com o número de músculos papilares dos quais elas provem.

• Heart Jaffarabadi water buffaloes cardiac ventricle mitral valve

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Esteves P.R., Araújo K.P.C., Teixeira D.G., Ambrósio C.E., Martins D.S., Morini A.C., Morini Junior J.C., Duarte C.N., Bombonato P.P., Miglino M.A. & Mariana A.N.B. 2009. Study of the cardiac left atrioventricular valvar complex in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of the Jafarabadi breed. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(10):852-858. Setor de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508- 900, Brazil. E-mail: ceambrosio@usp.br Atrioventricular valve complex of 30 Jafarabadi water buffaloes, adult males were studied in this research with no heart diseases. The animals were obtained from a slaughterhouse in Brazilian State of Parana. The hearts were opened at the third portion affording access to the valve complex. The complexes had its area, number and type of tendinous cords submitted to analysis. The results showed that the complex is composed by two cusps and four accessory cusps, two or three papillary muscles in which 10-25 tendinous cords fix on the cusps that face the ventricle wall. The total area of the complex was on average 38.56cm2, with a minimum of 24.96cm2 and a maximum of 55.54cm2. Statistically, no relation between the number of cords and the cusps’ area where they are inserted or with the number of papillary muscle where they originated from was observed.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Grecco F.B., Schild A.L., Soares M.P., Raffi M.B., Sallis E.S.V. & Damé M.C. 2009. [Organophosphate poisoning in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação por organofosforados em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):211-214. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br This paper describes organophosphate (ORF) poisoning in a herd of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil, which were treated with a single dose of 12mg/kg body weight of Expertan® pour-on (chlorpyriphos) to control ectoparasites. Clinical signs, observed 7-45 days after exposure, were diarrhea, hypersalivation, ataxia, muscular tremors, weakness of pelvic limbs, paresis and flaccid paralysis and lateral recumbence. Out of 267 buffaloes 61 died. Necropsy of three animals that died 24-72 hours after onset of clinical signs, revealed congestion and serosal hemorrhages scattered along the bowel, emphysema and edema of the lungs. No significant histopathological changes were found. Residues of chlorpyriphos were detected in liver, kidneys and nervous system of the one necropsied buffalo. Despite the absence of histological lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system, the epidemiological, clinical, gross and toxicological findings suggest delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphates.

• Diseases of water buffaloes poisoning organophosphate toxicosis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Grecco F.B., Schild A.L., Soares M.P., Raffi M.B., Sallis E.S.V. & Damé M.C. 2009. [Organophosphate poisoning in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil.] Intoxicação por organofosforados em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):211-214. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br This paper describes organophosphate (ORF) poisoning in a herd of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in southern Brazil, which were treated with a single dose of 12mg/kg body weight of Expertan® pour-on (chlorpyriphos) to control ectoparasites. Clinical signs, observed 7-45 days after exposure, were diarrhea, hypersalivation, ataxia, muscular tremors, weakness of pelvic limbs, paresis and flaccid paralysis and lateral recumbence. Out of 267 buffaloes 61 died. Necropsy of three animals that died 24-72 hours after onset of clinical signs, revealed congestion and serosal hemorrhages scattered along the bowel, emphysema and edema of the lungs. No significant histopathological changes were found. Residues of chlorpyriphos were detected in liver, kidneys and nervous system of the one necropsied buffalo. Despite the absence of histological lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system, the epidemiological, clinical, gross and toxicological findings suggest delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphates.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Esposto E.M., Silva W.C.P., Reis C.M.F., Reis E.M.F., Ribeiro R.V., Rodrigues D.P. & Lázaro N.S. 2007. [Bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system and its ecosystem.] Enteropatógenos bacterianos em peixes criados em uma estação de reciclagem de nutrientes e no ecossistema relacionado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):144-148. Departamento de Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pav. Rocha Lima, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil. E- mail: nslazaro@ioc.fiocruz.br The presence of bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system from a Experimental Station in Petropolis, RJ, was evaluated in 72 samples from april 2000 to july 2001 Simultaneously was collected the mud used as organic manure and poultry beds localized next to the tanks. The isolation procedures included preenrichment in Peptone Water followed by enrichment with alcaline Peptone Water (pH 8.4-8.6), and streaked onto GSP Agar for the isolation of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides. For enteropathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 1ml samples were transferred for enrichment in Rappaport- Vassiladis broth and Kauffmann Tetrathionate Broth followed by streak onto Hektoen Enteric Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Simultaneously at each visit samples of water from fish and macrophyte tanks were collected for monitoring faecal coliforms (MPN) using A1 medium. Among the 116 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were the most frequent (67.2%) with 9 species (A. veronii, biogroup sobria, A. hidrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A. eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. cavia and A. jandaei), followed by Edwardsiella tarda (16.4%), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12.9%) and Salmonella spp. (3.4%). The NMP of fecal coliforms showed higher values in the fish tanks (>1800/100ml).

• Enteropathogens wastewater fish farming

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Esposto E.M., Silva W.C.P., Reis C.M.F., Reis E.M.F., Ribeiro R.V., Rodrigues D.P. & Lázaro N.S. 2007. [Bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system and its ecosystem.] Enteropatógenos bacterianos em peixes criados em uma estação de reciclagem de nutrientes e no ecossistema relacionado. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):144-148. Departamento de Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pav. Rocha Lima, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil. E- mail: nslazaro@ioc.fiocruz.br The presence of bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system from a Experimental Station in Petropolis, RJ, was evaluated in 72 samples from april 2000 to july 2001 Simultaneously was collected the mud used as organic manure and poultry beds localized next to the tanks. The isolation procedures included preenrichment in Peptone Water followed by enrichment with alcaline Peptone Water (pH 8.4-8.6), and streaked onto GSP Agar for the isolation of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides. For enteropathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 1ml samples were transferred for enrichment in Rappaport- Vassiladis broth and Kauffmann Tetrathionate Broth followed by streak onto Hektoen Enteric Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Simultaneously at each visit samples of water from fish and macrophyte tanks were collected for monitoring faecal coliforms (MPN) using A1 medium. Among the 116 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were the most frequent (67.2%) with 9 species (A. veronii, biogroup sobria, A. hidrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A. eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. cavia and A. jandaei), followed by Edwardsiella tarda (16.4%), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12.9%) and Salmonella spp. (3.4%). The NMP of fecal coliforms showed higher values in the fish tanks (>1800/100ml).

Abstract in English:

Abstract.- Figueiredo-Fernandes A., Ferreira-Cardoso J.V., Garcia-Santos S., Monteiro S.M., Carrola J., Matos P. & Fontaínhas-Fernandes A. 2007. Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):103-109. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Center of Studies on Technological of Environmental and Life Sciences (CETAV), Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. E-mail: fontain@utad.pt Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, of both sexes were reared in freshwater and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 of waterborne copper for a period of 21 days. Liver and gill samples were collected after 21 days of exposure to copper and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The main histopathological changes observed in gills exposed to the highest concentration were edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Although less frequent, lamellar fusion caused by the filamentar epithelium proliferation and some lamellar aneurisms were also found. The liver of control group exhibited a quite normal architecture, while the fish exposed to copper showed vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 copper concentrations. The number of hepatocytes nucleus per mm2 of hepatic tissue decreased with the increase of copper concentration. In contrast, the hepatic somatic index was high in fish exposed at 2.5mg L-1 of copper. In short, this work advance new knowledge as influence of copper in the gill and liver histology of O. niloticus and demonstrated that their effects could be observed at different concentrations.

• Copper gill liver histopathological changes Oreochromis niloticus Teleostei

Abstract in Portuguese:

Abstract.- Figueiredo-Fernandes A., Ferreira-Cardoso J.V., Garcia-Santos S., Monteiro S.M., Carrola J., Matos P. & Fontaínhas-Fernandes A. 2007. Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):103-109. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Center of Studies on Technological of Environmental and Life Sciences (CETAV), Apartado 1013, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal. E-mail: fontain@utad.pt Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, of both sexes were reared in freshwater and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 of waterborne copper for a period of 21 days. Liver and gill samples were collected after 21 days of exposure to copper and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The main histopathological changes observed in gills exposed to the highest concentration were edema, lifting of lamellar epithelia and an intense vasodilatation of the lamellar vascular axis. Although less frequent, lamellar fusion caused by the filamentar epithelium proliferation and some lamellar aneurisms were also found. The liver of control group exhibited a quite normal architecture, while the fish exposed to copper showed vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to 1.0 and 2.5mg L-1 copper concentrations. The number of hepatocytes nucleus per mm2 of hepatic tissue decreased with the increase of copper concentration. In contrast, the hepatic somatic index was high in fish exposed at 2.5mg L-1 of copper. In short, this work advance new knowledge as influence of copper in the gill and liver histology of O. niloticus and demonstrated that their effects could be observed at different concentrations.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mancini M., Rodriguez C., Prosperi C., Salinas V. & Bucco C. 2006. Main diseases of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) in central Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):205-210. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto (5800) Córdoba, Argentina. E-mail: mmancini@ayv.unrc.edu.ar Argentina’s central region includes an important area covered by shallow pampean lakes and dams. In these environments, fishing of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis Valenciennes, 1835 (Pisces, Atherinopsidae), the most important fresh-water fish of the country, is a relevant social activity and also a considerable economic resource. The main diseases found in this species were studied from 1992 to 2003 in the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja and Santa Fe (30° and 35° S, 61° and 67° W). Most cases were registered in high temperature months. Lernaea sp and Aeromonas hydrophila were the etiological agents most frequently found. The trophic characteristics of the aquatic environments enhanced disease processes and caused massive death of O. bonariensis, due to complex hydrochemical interactions.

• Odontesthes bonariensis fish diseases pathological agents water quality

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mancini M., Rodriguez C., Prosperi C., Salinas V. & Bucco C. 2006. Main diseases of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) in central Argentina. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(4):205-210. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto (5800) Córdoba, Argentina. E-mail: mmancini@ayv.unrc.edu.ar Argentina’s central region includes an important area covered by shallow pampean lakes and dams. In these environments, fishing of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis Valenciennes, 1835 (Pisces, Atherinopsidae), the most important fresh-water fish of the country, is a relevant social activity and also a considerable economic resource. The main diseases found in this species were studied from 1992 to 2003 in the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja and Santa Fe (30° and 35° S, 61° and 67° W). Most cases were registered in high temperature months. Lernaea sp and Aeromonas hydrophila were the etiological agents most frequently found. The trophic characteristics of the aquatic environments enhanced disease processes and caused massive death of O. bonariensis, due to complex hydrochemical interactions.