PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Boghossian M.R., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F. & Tokarnia C.H. 2007. [Experimental poisoning by Crotalaria mucronata (Fabaceae) seeds in cattle.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos da intoxicação experimental pelas sementes de Crotalaria mucronata (Fabaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):149-156. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: mailto:mubogho@hotmail.com Experiments were performed to define the clinical and pathological picture of prolonged administration of the seeds of Crotalaria mucronata Desv. to cattle, in order to obtain additional information about this toxicosis. The ground seeds were administered orally to 9 bovines. Doses of 1g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day, 3g/kg/day each in one bovine, and 5g/kg/day in two of three bovines, given for 61- 63 days, did not cause poisoning. Doses of 5g/kg, in one bovine, 7.5g/kg in two bovines and 10g/kg in one bovine, given for 47-61 days, caused symptoms between 47 and 80 days after the first administration and caused death between 3 hours and 5 days after the onset of symptoms. The main clinical signs were positive venous pulse of the jugular vein, abdominal breath, tachycardia, loss of appetite, dry feces, sub-mandibular edema and weakness. Bovines that did not die, were slaughtered 8 or 9 months after first administration. At necropsy pulmonary paleness, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, mesenteric edema, augmented hepatic consistency, discoloration of the liver, right cardiac ventricle dilatation and ruminal wall edema were seen. The main histological lesions were thickening of the alveolar walls and of the arterioles with narrowing of their lumen, and periarteriolar fibrosis, besides hepatic and cardiac lesions of minor importance. It is concluded, that the lesions caused by ingestion of the seeds of C. mucronata over a long period are caused by the difficulties of blood passage through the pulmonar vessels due to fibrosis and thickening of the arteriolar walls through the pneumotoxic action of the plant.

• Poisonous plants Crotalaria mucronata pyrrolizidine alkaloids interstitial pneumonia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Boghossian M.R., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F. & Tokarnia C.H. 2007. [Experimental poisoning by Crotalaria mucronata (Fabaceae) seeds in cattle.] Aspectos clínico-patológicos da intoxicação experimental pelas sementes de Crotalaria mucronata (Fabaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):149-156. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: mailto:mubogho@hotmail.com Experiments were performed to define the clinical and pathological picture of prolonged administration of the seeds of Crotalaria mucronata Desv. to cattle, in order to obtain additional information about this toxicosis. The ground seeds were administered orally to 9 bovines. Doses of 1g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day, 3g/kg/day each in one bovine, and 5g/kg/day in two of three bovines, given for 61- 63 days, did not cause poisoning. Doses of 5g/kg, in one bovine, 7.5g/kg in two bovines and 10g/kg in one bovine, given for 47-61 days, caused symptoms between 47 and 80 days after the first administration and caused death between 3 hours and 5 days after the onset of symptoms. The main clinical signs were positive venous pulse of the jugular vein, abdominal breath, tachycardia, loss of appetite, dry feces, sub-mandibular edema and weakness. Bovines that did not die, were slaughtered 8 or 9 months after first administration. At necropsy pulmonary paleness, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum, mesenteric edema, augmented hepatic consistency, discoloration of the liver, right cardiac ventricle dilatation and ruminal wall edema were seen. The main histological lesions were thickening of the alveolar walls and of the arterioles with narrowing of their lumen, and periarteriolar fibrosis, besides hepatic and cardiac lesions of minor importance. It is concluded, that the lesions caused by ingestion of the seeds of C. mucronata over a long period are caused by the difficulties of blood passage through the pulmonar vessels due to fibrosis and thickening of the arteriolar walls through the pneumotoxic action of the plant.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira K.D., França T.N., Nogueira V.A. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Diseases associated with selenium poisoning in animals.] Enfermidades associadas à intoxicação por selênio em animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):125-136. Departamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: krishna.oliveira@uvv.br Trough a critical literature review, the main data of selenium poisoning in domestic animals are presented. Epidemiological, clinical, anatomic and histopathological aspects attributed to Alkali Disease, Blind Staggers, acute poisoning and focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia of swine are discussed. The main objective of the paper is to clarify obscure points of selenium poisoning, as well to point out the risks that supplementation with this element can represent.

• Selenium poisoning alkali disease blind staggers focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira K.D., França T.N., Nogueira V.A. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Diseases associated with selenium poisoning in animals.] Enfermidades associadas à intoxicação por selênio em animais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(4):125-136. Departamento de Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: krishna.oliveira@uvv.br Trough a critical literature review, the main data of selenium poisoning in domestic animals are presented. Epidemiological, clinical, anatomic and histopathological aspects attributed to Alkali Disease, Blind Staggers, acute poisoning and focal symmetrical poliomielomalacia of swine are discussed. The main objective of the paper is to clarify obscure points of selenium poisoning, as well to point out the risks that supplementation with this element can represent.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Hepatogenous photosensitization in horses caused by Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) in the State of Pará.] Fotossensibilização hepatógena em eqüinos pela ingestão de Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):147-153. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br Data on the clinical-pathological aspects and on the epidemioloy of a disease in horses, characterized by phototsensitization, which occurs in northeastern of Pará, Brazil, are presented. Of a total of 40 horses examined clinically, post-mortem examination was performed on seven. Due to the characteristic lesions found on the non-pigmented skin, the macroscopic and histological alterations in the liver, and knowing that Brachiaria grasses contain saponins with toxic properties, which cause liver lesions and photosensitization in cattle and sheep, it is concluded that this disease in horses is caused by grassing exclusively Brachiaria humidicola.

• Poisonous plants Brachiaria humidicola plant poisoning photosensitization saponins horses

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2006. [Hepatogenous photosensitization in horses caused by Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) in the State of Pará.] Fotossensibilização hepatógena em eqüinos pela ingestão de Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) no Estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):147-153. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: diomedes@ufpa.br Data on the clinical-pathological aspects and on the epidemioloy of a disease in horses, characterized by phototsensitization, which occurs in northeastern of Pará, Brazil, are presented. Of a total of 40 horses examined clinically, post-mortem examination was performed on seven. Due to the characteristic lesions found on the non-pigmented skin, the macroscopic and histological alterations in the liver, and knowing that Brachiaria grasses contain saponins with toxic properties, which cause liver lesions and photosensitization in cattle and sheep, it is concluded that this disease in horses is caused by grassing exclusively Brachiaria humidicola.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Seixas J.N., Peixoto P.V., Armién A.G., Jabour F.F. & Brito M.F. 2006. [Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of abamectin poisoning in calves.] Aspectos clínicos e patogenéticos da intoxicação por abamectina em bezerros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):161-166. Pro-jeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: josiseixas@ufrrj.br Clinic-pathological aspects and the pathogenesis of experimental abamectin poisoning were studied, after subcutaneous administration of different abamectin doses in 9 calves, as well as the clini-cal and pathological aspects of 74 cases of the iatrogenic poisoning with this drug in cattle, which occurred in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Pará, Maranhão, Paraíba and Mato Grosso do Sul. From the 9 calves submitted to experimental administration of single doses, 5 calves died (4 calves received doses 6-10 times higher than recommended, and one received the therapeutic daily dose during 11 days). Abamectin poisoning induces neurological dysfunctions, characterized by an initial phase of hyperexcitability, followed by widespread muscular hypotony and progressive depression. No macroscopic or microscopic alterations were observed in the central nervous system or in any other organ. It is concluded that abamectin is an antihelmintic which should be used with restriction, because of the risks leading to death when used in young calves, even in therapeutic doses.

• Abamectin poisoning neurological alterations calves

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Seixas J.N., Peixoto P.V., Armién A.G., Jabour F.F. & Brito M.F. 2006. [Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of abamectin poisoning in calves.] Aspectos clínicos e patogenéticos da intoxicação por abamectina em bezerros. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(3):161-166. Pro-jeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: josiseixas@ufrrj.br Clinic-pathological aspects and the pathogenesis of experimental abamectin poisoning were studied, after subcutaneous administration of different abamectin doses in 9 calves, as well as the clini-cal and pathological aspects of 74 cases of the iatrogenic poisoning with this drug in cattle, which occurred in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Pará, Maranhão, Paraíba and Mato Grosso do Sul. From the 9 calves submitted to experimental administration of single doses, 5 calves died (4 calves received doses 6-10 times higher than recommended, and one received the therapeutic daily dose during 11 days). Abamectin poisoning induces neurological dysfunctions, characterized by an initial phase of hyperexcitability, followed by widespread muscular hypotony and progressive depression. No macroscopic or microscopic alterations were observed in the central nervous system or in any other organ. It is concluded that abamectin is an antihelmintic which should be used with restriction, because of the risks leading to death when used in young calves, even in therapeutic doses.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [The importance of snake bites as cause of cattle death in Brazil.] A importância dos acidentes ofídicos como causa de mortes em bovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):55-68. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br A review of the literature shows that opinions on the importance of snake bites as cause of cattle death in Brazil are divergent among veterinarians; some think they are of no importance or of only minor significance, others are of the opinion that snake bites are frequent. However, the literature only reports two confirmed fatal cases by Bothrops and none by Crotalus in cattle in the country. A questionnaire which was submitted for appraisal to veterinary pathologists and clinicians in various States of Brazil, revealed only suspected cases of fatal accidents by snakes in cattle. During our field and laboratory diagnostic work we never made a diagnosis of a snake bite accident. Many “diagnoses” have apparently been made at a distance from where the animals died, without clinical and post-mortem examination, nor histological studies. By this way, the great majority of cases seems to be only supposition. In Brazil there are only few snakes of the genus Bothrops theoretically able to produce sufficient amounts of venom to kill an adult bovine. Nevertheless, in experiments, only Bothrops alternatus was able to cause the death of just one out of three bovines bitten, and this animal only weighed 279 kg. Snakes of the genus Crotalus can produce sufficient amounts of venom to kill an adult bovine; however it is known, that snakes of the genus Crotalus as well as of Bothrops generally inoculate only a part of their venom. These considerations indicate that the deaths suspected to have been caused by snake bites in cattle in Brazil have to be studied more thoroughly. A diagnosis can only be confirmed by establishing the precise clinical and pathological picture. Our current opinion is that fatal snake bites are much less frequent in cattle than often believed, and that their importance is generally much exaggerated.

• Snake bites snakes Crotalus spp Bothrops spp cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Tokarnia C.H. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [The importance of snake bites as cause of cattle death in Brazil.] A importância dos acidentes ofídicos como causa de mortes em bovinos no Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):55-68. Projeto Sanidade Animal Embrapa/UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br A review of the literature shows that opinions on the importance of snake bites as cause of cattle death in Brazil are divergent among veterinarians; some think they are of no importance or of only minor significance, others are of the opinion that snake bites are frequent. However, the literature only reports two confirmed fatal cases by Bothrops and none by Crotalus in cattle in the country. A questionnaire which was submitted for appraisal to veterinary pathologists and clinicians in various States of Brazil, revealed only suspected cases of fatal accidents by snakes in cattle. During our field and laboratory diagnostic work we never made a diagnosis of a snake bite accident. Many “diagnoses” have apparently been made at a distance from where the animals died, without clinical and post-mortem examination, nor histological studies. By this way, the great majority of cases seems to be only supposition. In Brazil there are only few snakes of the genus Bothrops theoretically able to produce sufficient amounts of venom to kill an adult bovine. Nevertheless, in experiments, only Bothrops alternatus was able to cause the death of just one out of three bovines bitten, and this animal only weighed 279 kg. Snakes of the genus Crotalus can produce sufficient amounts of venom to kill an adult bovine; however it is known, that snakes of the genus Crotalus as well as of Bothrops generally inoculate only a part of their venom. These considerations indicate that the deaths suspected to have been caused by snake bites in cattle in Brazil have to be studied more thoroughly. A diagnosis can only be confirmed by establishing the precise clinical and pathological picture. Our current opinion is that fatal snake bites are much less frequent in cattle than often believed, and that their importance is generally much exaggerated.

Abstract in English:

Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Duarte M.D., Peixoto P.V. & Tokarnia C.H. 2005. [Experimental and natural poisoning by Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) in buffaloes and other ruminants.] Intoxicações experimental e natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos e outros ruminantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):231-234. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Ipomoea asarifolia R. et Schult. is a plant responsible for occasional outbreaks of poisoning in cattle, sheep and goats. Its oral administration to cattle and buffalos showed that the buffalo is as susceptible as cattle. One to 4 daily doses of 10-20g/kg caused similar symptoms in both species, as incoordination, muscular twiching and swaying of the head and anterior part of the body (pendular movement). In buffaloes the signs of incoordination were observed to a smaller extent. There is no report yet on natural poisoning by I. asarifolia in buffaloes, possibly because cases are not being noticed.

• Poisonous plants Ipomoea asarifolia Convolvulaceae plant poisoning buffaloes bovines sheep goats.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Barbosa J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Duarte M.D., Peixoto P.V. & Tokarnia C.H. 2005. [Experimental and natural poisoning by Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) in buffaloes and other ruminants.] Intoxicações experimental e natural por Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) em búfalos e outros ruminantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):231-234. Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino 1000, Castanhal, PA 68743-080, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Ipomoea asarifolia R. et Schult. is a plant responsible for occasional outbreaks of poisoning in cattle, sheep and goats. Its oral administration to cattle and buffalos showed that the buffalo is as susceptible as cattle. One to 4 daily doses of 10-20g/kg caused similar symptoms in both species, as incoordination, muscular twiching and swaying of the head and anterior part of the body (pendular movement). In buffaloes the signs of incoordination were observed to a smaller extent. There is no report yet on natural poisoning by I. asarifolia in buffaloes, possibly because cases are not being noticed.

Abstract in English:

Brito M.F., Seixas J.N., Jabour F.F., Andrade G.B., Cunha B.R.M., França T.N. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [About an outbreak of cumarin poisoning in cattle.] Sobre um surto de envenenamento por derivado cumarínico em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):143-149. Depto Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: marilene@ufrrj.br An outbreak of cumarin poisoning which occurred in feedlot cattle in the county of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, is described. Three from 43 animal died. The main manifestations included bloody diarrhea, apathy, anorexia, sialorrhoe, incoordenation and dyspnoe. At post-mortem examinations there were mainly hemorrhages of varies forms and intensity in several organs, which also were seen at histopathological examination. Analysis for cumarin derivates of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum contents, of liver and kidney samples, as well as of food collected from the trough, resulted positive for cumarin compounds which included warfarin, bromadiolone and brodifacoum. Feeding experiments with food stored at the property resulted negative. An intentional or accidental act could not be excluded. Animals that did not feed from the same trough did not get sick.

• umarin poisoning cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Brito M.F., Seixas J.N., Jabour F.F., Andrade G.B., Cunha B.R.M., França T.N. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [About an outbreak of cumarin poisoning in cattle.] Sobre um surto de envenenamento por derivado cumarínico em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):143-149. Depto Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: marilene@ufrrj.br An outbreak of cumarin poisoning which occurred in feedlot cattle in the county of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, is described. Three from 43 animal died. The main manifestations included bloody diarrhea, apathy, anorexia, sialorrhoe, incoordenation and dyspnoe. At post-mortem examinations there were mainly hemorrhages of varies forms and intensity in several organs, which also were seen at histopathological examination. Analysis for cumarin derivates of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum contents, of liver and kidney samples, as well as of food collected from the trough, resulted positive for cumarin compounds which included warfarin, bromadiolone and brodifacoum. Feeding experiments with food stored at the property resulted negative. An intentional or accidental act could not be excluded. Animals that did not feed from the same trough did not get sick.

Abstract in English:

Peixoto P.V., Malafaia P., Barbosa J.D. & Tokarnia C.H. 2005. [Principles of mineral supplementation in ruminants.] Princípios de suplementação mineral em ruminantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):195-200. Depto Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: pfpeixoto@terra.com.br Although there is solid knowledge on mineral deficiencies and their consequences on health and productivity of cattle in Brazil, paradoxically, those informations, most of the time, are not used by professionals of the agricultural sciences, who persist in stimulating the widespread use of the so-called complete mineral mixtures. The deficiency of many minerals included in these supplements, as iron, chrome, sulfur, and others, do not occur under natural conditions or only in rare and very particular situations. The present paper deals with the misunderstandings and problems related to traditional mineral supplementation and discusses the main aspects of the so-called selective mineral supplementation that is based in supplying exclusively the deficient mineral(s) and these only in necessary amounts. This procedure can result in expressive economy (sometimes up to 700%) when compared with the commercial mineral supplementation usually employed. According to several estimates, mineral supplementation can account for 20 to 30% of the total cost of beef cattle production on tropical pastures. A reversion assay, in which a group of cattle receives the commercial mineral mixture routinely used on the farm, and another group which receives the selective supplement, is the best option for the elucidation of positive or negative effects between the two possibilities of mineral supplementation on a specific farm. Trough this assay, the effects of the two compositions of mineral supplements can be investigated rationally over a sufficient period of time, with no risks and minimal possibilities of economic losses.

• Mineral deficiencies mineral supplementation ruminants cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Peixoto P.V., Malafaia P., Barbosa J.D. & Tokarnia C.H. 2005. [Principles of mineral supplementation in ruminants.] Princípios de suplementação mineral em ruminantes. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(3):195-200. Depto Nutrição Animal e Pastagem, Instituto de Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: pfpeixoto@terra.com.br Although there is solid knowledge on mineral deficiencies and their consequences on health and productivity of cattle in Brazil, paradoxically, those informations, most of the time, are not used by professionals of the agricultural sciences, who persist in stimulating the widespread use of the so-called complete mineral mixtures. The deficiency of many minerals included in these supplements, as iron, chrome, sulfur, and others, do not occur under natural conditions or only in rare and very particular situations. The present paper deals with the misunderstandings and problems related to traditional mineral supplementation and discusses the main aspects of the so-called selective mineral supplementation that is based in supplying exclusively the deficient mineral(s) and these only in necessary amounts. This procedure can result in expressive economy (sometimes up to 700%) when compared with the commercial mineral supplementation usually employed. According to several estimates, mineral supplementation can account for 20 to 30% of the total cost of beef cattle production on tropical pastures. A reversion assay, in which a group of cattle receives the commercial mineral mixture routinely used on the farm, and another group which receives the selective supplement, is the best option for the elucidation of positive or negative effects between the two possibilities of mineral supplementation on a specific farm. Trough this assay, the effects of the two compositions of mineral supplements can be investigated rationally over a sufficient period of time, with no risks and minimal possibilities of economic losses.

Abstract in English:

França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Cunha B.M. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [Porcine Circovirosis: a review.] Circovirose Suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):59-72. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The literature of Porcine Circovirosis, including the main data on epidemiology and clinical, macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the infection of swine by Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), is reviewed. There are various forms of infection: the [Porcine] Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), Porcine Congenital Tremor, Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome, and other associated or correlated diseases as the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia, and reproductive disorders. As PMWS already has been reported from southern Brazil and from the state of Rio de Janeiro, the objective of this review is to draw attention to the implications of this virosis for swine production in Brazil and its economical importance.

• Porcine Circovirosis Porcine Circovirus type 2 Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome Porcine Congenital Tremor Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia reproductive disorders of swine.

Abstract in Portuguese:

França T.N., Ribeiro C.T., Cunha B.M. & Peixoto P.V. 2005. [Porcine Circovirosis: a review.] Circovirose Suína. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):59-72. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The literature of Porcine Circovirosis, including the main data on epidemiology and clinical, macroscopic and microscopic alterations of the infection of swine by Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), is reviewed. There are various forms of infection: the [Porcine] Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), Porcine Congenital Tremor, Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome, and other associated or correlated diseases as the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Proliferative Necrotizing Pneumonia, and reproductive disorders. As PMWS already has been reported from southern Brazil and from the state of Rio de Janeiro, the objective of this review is to draw attention to the implications of this virosis for swine production in Brazil and its economical importance.

Abstract in English:

França T.N., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F., Driemeier D., Mores N. & Zanella J. 2005. [Outbreak of Circovirosis (Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Surto de Circovirose (Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmica de Suínos Desmamados) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):39-53. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The first outbreak of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in swine, which occurred in southeastern Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, is described. The disease, which affects mainly weaned about 4 month-old pigs, caused the death of at least 14 animals. The property, where the outbreak occurred, had inadequate sanitary and management conditions. Clinically the disease was characterized by wasting, poor development, cough, tachypnoea, dispnoea, diarrhoea, ataxia, tremors after stimulation, decubitus and convulsions. The course of the disease was acute or subacute. The most important post-mortem findings were enlarged lymphnodes, non-collapsed lungs, with consolidated areas mainly in the cranial lobes. Histological lesions consisted mainly of lymphohistiocytic infiltration with multinucleate giant cells in lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches, kidney, lung and liver, depletion or lymphoid hyperplasia, as well as lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia and areas of secondary bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis was established through observations of the symptoms and typical lesions, and was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination and PCR. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the outbreak of PMWS, because of the severe direct or indirect economical losses caused by the disease to the world pig industry.

• Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome porcine circovirus type 2 pathology immunohistochemistry PCR.

Abstract in Portuguese:

França T.N., Peixoto P.V., Brito M.F., Driemeier D., Mores N. & Zanella J. 2005. [Outbreak of Circovirosis (Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Surto de Circovirose (Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmica de Suínos Desmamados) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(1):39-53. Universidade Estácio de Sá, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Disciplina de Anatomia Patológica, Estrada Boca do Mato 850, Vargem Pequena, RJ 22783-320, Brazil. E-mail: ticianaf@uol.com.br The first outbreak of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) in swine, which occurred in southeastern Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, is described. The disease, which affects mainly weaned about 4 month-old pigs, caused the death of at least 14 animals. The property, where the outbreak occurred, had inadequate sanitary and management conditions. Clinically the disease was characterized by wasting, poor development, cough, tachypnoea, dispnoea, diarrhoea, ataxia, tremors after stimulation, decubitus and convulsions. The course of the disease was acute or subacute. The most important post-mortem findings were enlarged lymphnodes, non-collapsed lungs, with consolidated areas mainly in the cranial lobes. Histological lesions consisted mainly of lymphohistiocytic infiltration with multinucleate giant cells in lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches, kidney, lung and liver, depletion or lymphoid hyperplasia, as well as lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia and areas of secondary bronchopneumonia. The diagnosis was established through observations of the symptoms and typical lesions, and was confirmed by immunohistochemical examination and PCR. The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of the outbreak of PMWS, because of the severe direct or indirect economical losses caused by the disease to the world pig industry.