PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Abimussi C.J.X., Floriano B.P., Wagatsuma J.T., Canceli C.H.B., Ferreira J.Z., Garcia-Pereira F.L., Santos P.S.P. & Oliva V.N.L.S. 2017. [Efficacy and hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric, hypobaric or hyperbaric ropivacaine in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.] Eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína isobárica, hipobárica ou hiperbárica em cães anestesiados com isofluorano. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):137-144. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Dona Amélia, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: cjxabimussi@hotmail.com The aim of the study was to assess hemodynamic changes and complications of spinal anesthesia with ropivacaine at different baricities. Six beagle dogs aged four years. The dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to the following treatments: Ghypo = spinal anesthesia with hypobaric ropivacaine (0.5mL of 0.9% NaCl+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%); Giso = isobaric spinal anesthesia (0.5mL of 0,906% NaCl+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%); Ghyper = hyperbaric spinal anesthesia (0.5mL of 10% glucose+0.5mL ropivacaine at 0.75%). After induction to anesthesia and maintenance with isoflurane, animals were positioned in right lateral recumbency for pulmonary artery catheterization through the left jugular vein. Spinal anesthesia was carried out with injection of 1mL of local anesthetic using a 22G Quincke tip needle in the L5-L6 space along 1 minute. Dogs were maintained under inhalation anesthesia for 60 minutes in ventral recumbency. HR, FR, MAP, CO, mPAP and body temperature progressively increased in all groups, whereas PCWP increased only in GHYPO at all time points. The TPRI showed significantly higher values in GISO at M1, M5 and M10 compared to the other groups, except for M5, during which GISO differed only from GHYPER. The PVRI increased at M5 compared to MB in GISO. Side effects such as unilateral motor deficit, bladder atony, excitation, acute pain and chemosis were observed. The hemodynamic changes were not relevant, although inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane might have influenced the results. The changes observed in the study demonstrate that motor blockade is likely to be obtained with isobaric and hyperbaric ropivacaine, thereby confirming the influence of baricity on the type of nerve fibers on the spinal cord. The isobaric solution results in a mixed blockade (motor and sensory blockade). Hemodynamic changes such as hypotension and bradycardia were not evidenced in this study, although local anesthetics were administered in low volumes and together with isoflurane anesthesia. Regarding complications, post-anesthetic observation is warranted in order to identify and treat possible changes. Spinal anesthesia in the conditions studied did not cause hemodynamic changes in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs and is thus considered safe for routine practice, although a few complications are prone to occur.

• naesthesia spinal cord subarachnoid cardiovascular anestesia regional subaracnoide cardiovascular

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Abimussi C.J.X., Floriano B.P., Wagatsuma J.T., Canceli C.H.B., Ferreira J.Z., Garcia-Pereira F.L., Santos P.S.P. & Oliva V.N.L.S. 2017. [Efficacy and hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia with isobaric, hypobaric or hyperbaric ropivacaine in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.] Eficácia e efeitos hemodinâmicos da anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína isobárica, hipobárica ou hiperbárica em cães anestesiados com isofluorano. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(2):137-144. Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia e Reprodução Animal, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Dona Amélia, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: cjxabimussi@hotmail.com O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a anestesia raquidiana com ropivacaína em cães alterando a baricidade do anestésico local, investigando as alterações hemodinâmicas e complicações. Foram utilizados seis cães, Beagle, 4 anos, submetidos a anestesia inalatória com isofluorano e aos tratamentos: Ghipo = anestesia raquidiana hipobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 0,9% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Giso = anestesia raquidiana isobárica (0,5 mL NaCl 1,53% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%); Ghiper = anestesia raquidiana hiperbárica (0,5 mL glicose 10% + 0,5 mL ropivacaína 0,75%). Após indução anestésica e manutenção com isofluorano, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral direito para a passagem de um cateter de artéria pulmonar pela veia jugular esquerda. Após esse procedimento, a punção subaracnóide foi realizada entre L5-L6 com uma agulha espinhal 22G, seguida da administração de 1 mL de anestésico local em 1 min. Os animais foram mantidos por 60 minutos anestesiados em decúbito ventral. A FC, f, PAM, DC, PAPm e TºC apresentaram aumento progressivo em todos os grupos enquanto que a PCPm, apenas no GHIPO, aumentou ao longo de todos os momentos. O IRPT no GISO apresentou valores significativamente superiores no M1, M5 e M10 comparado aos demais grupos, exceto no M5, em que o GISO diferiu somente do GHIPER. O IRVP no GISO aumentou no M5 em comparação ao MB. Foram observados efeitos adversos como déficit motor unilateral, atonia vesical, excitação, dor aguda e quemose. De acordo com os dados obtidos no presente estudo pode-se concluir que os animais que receberam anestesia raquidiana com as soluções hiperbárica e isobárica apresentaram maior bloqueio motor comprovando que a baricidade influencia diretamente o tipo de fibra a ser bloqueada. A utilização de solução isobárica resulta em um bloqueio misto (motor e sensitivo). As alterações hemodinâmicas descritas na literatura como, bradicardia e hipotensão, não puderam ser evidenciadas neste estudo embora o volume de anestésico tenha sido baixo associado a influência dos efeitos do isofluorano. Em relação às complicações evidenciadas, sugere-se acompanhamento pós-anestésico dos animais submetidos à anestesia raquidiana a fim de que quaisquer alterações possam ser identificadas precocemente e tratadas.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Albuquerque V.B., Araújo M.A., Oliveira A.R., Cavalcanti G., Leal R.C., Santos E.B., Cavalvanti A.R. & Frazilio F.O. 2016. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery in cougars (Puma concolor) undergoing anesthesia with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(1):33-38. Setor de Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: fabrício.frazilio@ufms.br The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects, the onset time after the administration of a detomidine/ketamine combination, and the recovery from anesthesia of cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane for abdominal ultrasound imaging. Fourteen animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: GISO (n=7) and GSEVO (n=7). Chemical restraint was performed using 0.15mg/kg detomidine combined with 5mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly; anesthesia induction was achieved using 2mg/kg propofol intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane (GISO) or sevoflurane (GSEVO). The following parameters were assessed: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, central venous pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The time to sternal recumbency (TSR) and time to standing position (TSP) were also determined. There was not statistically significant difference for the cardiopulmonary variables or TSP whereas TSR was significantly shorter in GSEVO. The time to onset of anesthesia was 11.1±1.2 minutes and 11.3±1.8 minutes for GISO and GSEVO, respectively. The anesthesia of cougars with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane was conducted with safety, cardiopulmonary stability, and increased time to sternal recumbency in the GISO group.

• Anesthesia sedation anestesia sedação

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Albuquerque V.B., Araújo M.A., Oliveira A.R., Cavalcanti G., Leal R.C., Santos E.B., Cavalvanti A.R. & Frazilio F.O. 2016. Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery in cougars (Puma concolor) undergoing anesthesia with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane. [Avaliação de parâmetros cardiorrespirató-rios e recuperação da anestesia em pumas (Puma concolor) anestesiados com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(1):33-38. Setor de Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller 2443, Vila Ipiranga, Campo Grande, MS79074-460, Brazil. E-mail: fabrício.frazilio@ufms.br O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a recuperação anestésica de onças-pardas (Puma concolor) submetidas à anestesia com detomidina/cetamina e isofluorano ou sevofluorano para avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal. Para isso, foram utilizados 14 animais divididos alea-toriamente em dois grupos experimentais GISO (n=7) e GSEVO (n=7). Foram submetidos à contenção química com detomidina 0,15mg/kg associada à cetamina 5mg/kg pela via intramuscular, induzidos com propofol 2mg/kg pela via intravenosa e mantidos com isofluorano (GISO) ou sevofluorano. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica saturação de oxihemoglobina, temperatura retal, pressão venosa central e fração expirada de dióxido de carbono. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal e posição quadrupedal também foram avaliados. Não houve diferença estatística para as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e no tempo para adoção da posição quadrupedal. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal foi significativamente menor no GSEVO em relação ao GISO. Concluiu-se que a anestesia de onças pardas com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano foi realizada de maneira segura, com estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e com aumento no tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal no GISO.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Oliveira M.G.C., Morais A.M.L., Lima A.G.A., Paiva A.L.C., Nunes T.L., Passos Y.D.B., Oliveira M.F. & Paula V.V. 2014. [Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu).] Determinação da concentração alveolar mínima do isofluorano em catetos (Tayassu tajacu). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(6):576-581. Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR-110 Km 47, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: glauciacarlos@hotmail.com Inhalation anesthesia has been widespread in veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, its use in wild animals is still limited, having no studies on its use been observed in the species. The objective of the research was to determine the isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in peccaries and present the effects of its administration on the hemodynamic and respiratory variables, as well as data concerning the anesthesia recovery. The study used 10 male animals with age ranging from one to three years, from the Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil. All the animals had anesthesia induced with propofol 7mg.kg-1, were intubated and connected to the anesthetic circuit with isoflurane and 100% oxygen. The supramaximal noxious stimulation used was the interdigital pinch, which was performed after 15 minutes of waiting for each provided isoflurane concentration. When negative response to the stimulus was observed, the concentration was reduced by 20%; when positive response was verified, the stimulus was stopped, being the CAM value calculated from that point. Quantitative and qualitative data regarding recovery were also observed. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was performed, as well as Levene test for equality of variance; the variables were subjected to One Way RM ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test, and the data expressed as mean and standard deviation. The MAC of isoflurane was 2.4% and the surgical MAC equal to 3.5%. Depressive action of isoflurane on blood pressure, heart and breathing rates was observed when compared to the average of the variables on awake animals; however, during maintenance of anesthesia, they remained stable. Metabolic acidosis was observed in the pre-anesthetic, which was offset after inhalation anesthesia. Recovery was quiet and smooth. It was concluded that the isoflurane MAC for peccaries was greater than that observed in related species. Isoflurane can be used in this species, being considered safe and effective. The animals’ recovery after anesthesia with isoflurane was free from excitement.

• Isoflurane collared peccary Tayassu tajacu isofluorano catetos

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Oliveira M.G.C., Morais A.M.L., Lima A.G.A., Paiva A.L.C., Nunes T.L., Passos Y.D.B., Oliveira M.F. & Paula V.V. 2014. [Isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu).] Determinação da concentração alveolar mínima do isofluorano em catetos (Tayassu tajacu). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(6):576-581. Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR-110 Km 47, Presidente Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN 59625-900, Brazil. E-mail: glauciacarlos@hotmail.com A anestesia inalatória vem sendo amplamente difundida na medicina veterinária, no entanto seu uso em animais selvagens ainda é restrito, não sendo observado nenhum estudo referente à sua utilização na espécie Tayassu tajacu. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) do isofluorano em catetos e apresentar os efeitos desta administração sobre as variáveis hemodinâmicas e respiratórias, como também a qualidade da recuperação anestésica. Utilizou-se 10 animais, machos, com idade variando de 1 a 3 anos oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brasil. Todos os animais tiveram anestesia induzida com 7mg.kg-1 de propofol e posteriormente foram conectados a circuito anestésico com isofluorano e oxigênio 100%. O estímulo noceptivo supramáximo adotado foi pinçamento interdigital, o qual era realizado após 15 minutos de espera para cada concentração de isofluorano fornecida. Ao ser observada resposta negativa frente ao estímulo a concentração era reduzida em 20%, quando verificada resposta positiva o estímulo era cessado, calculando-se a partir daí o valor da CAM. Observou-se dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes à recuperação. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e de homogeneidade de variânica de Levene, as variáveis avaliadas foram submetidas à One Way ANOVA-RM para medidas repetidas, seguidas por Teste Tukey, sendo os dados expressos em média e desvio padrão. A CAM do isofluorano foi de 2,4%, sendo a CAM cirúrgica igual a 3,5%. Observou-se ação depressiva do isofluorano sobre a pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e respiratória quando comparada a média dessas variáveis para animais acordados, entretanto durante a manutenção anestésica mantiveram-se estáveis. Observou-se acidose metabólica no período pré-anestésico o qual foi compensado após a realização da anestesia inalatória. A recuperação anestésica foi tranquila e rápida. Concluiu-se que a CAM do isofluorano para catetos foi maior que a observada em espécies afins. O isofluorano pode ser utilizado nesta espécie, sendo considerado seguro e eficaz. A recuperação dos animais após anestesia com isofluorano foi livre de excitação.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Munerato M.S., Zanetti E.S., Marques J.A. & Duarte J.M.B. 2008. Effects of laparoscopy on the cardiorespiratory system of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine/ midazolam combination and isoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):555-560. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: marinamunerato@gmail.com Laparoscopy is not widely used as a tool to perform assisted reproduction techniques in South American cervids; thus, scarce information in literature is available regarding its effects and appropriate anesthetic protocols to perform it. This study evaluated the effect of laparoscopy on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) of six female brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine (5mg/kg), xylazine (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.5mg/kg) combination i.v. and isoflurane. Twelve laparoscopies were performed and each animal was used twice with a 40-day interval. After anesthetized, the animals were placed in dorsal recumbency to perform laparoscopy procedure using abdominal CO2 insufflations (14.2 ± 2.39mmHg; M ± SE). The main events of the laparoscopy procedure were divided into three periods: animal without (P1) and with abdominal insufflation (P2) and abdominal insufflation with the hips raised at 45° (P3). As a control, the animals were anesthetized again 40 days after the last laparoscopy, and were maintained in a dorsal recumbency for the same average duration of the previous anesthesia and no laparoscopy procedure was conducted. The period of anesthesia for the controls was also divided into P1, P2, and P3 considering the average duration of these periods in previous laparoscopies performed. Data were analyzed through the (ANOVA) variance analysis followed by Tukey test and values at P<0.05 were considered significant. No significant differences were observed in the parameters evaluated at P1, P2 and P3 between the animals submitted to laparoscopy and control. However, the RR mean between P1 (38.8 ± 4.42) and P3 (32.7 ± 4.81); and the RT mean between the P1 (38.2°C ± 0.17), P2 (37.6°C ± 0.19) and P3 (37.0°C ± 0.21) varied significantly, independent of the laparoscopy. These data indicated that laparoscopy didn’t cause any significant alterations in the cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated, even though the anesthetic protocol used can cause a reduction in the RT contributing to development of hypothermia during anesthesia.

• Abdominal insufflation capnoperitoneum cervids inhalatory anesthesia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Munerato M.S., Zanetti E.S., Marques J.A. & Duarte J.M.B. 2008. Effects of laparoscopy on the cardiorespiratory system of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine/ xylazine/ midazolam combination and isoflurane. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(11):555-560. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: marinamunerato@gmail.com Laparoscopy is not widely used as a tool to perform assisted reproduction techniques in South American cervids; thus, scarce information in literature is available regarding its effects and appropriate anesthetic protocols to perform it. This study evaluated the effect of laparoscopy on heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), saturation of oxyhemoglobin (SpO2) and rectal temperature (RT) of six female brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) anesthetized with ketamine (5mg/kg), xylazine (0.3mg/kg), midazolam (0.5mg/kg) combination i.v. and isoflurane. Twelve laparoscopies were performed and each animal was used twice with a 40-day interval. After anesthetized, the animals were placed in dorsal recumbency to perform laparoscopy procedure using abdominal CO2 insufflations (14.2 ± 2.39mmHg; M ± SE). The main events of the laparoscopy procedure were divided into three periods: animal without (P1) and with abdominal insufflation (P2) and abdominal insufflation with the hips raised at 45° (P3). As a control, the animals were anesthetized again 40 days after the last laparoscopy, and were maintained in a dorsal recumbency for the same average duration of the previous anesthesia and no laparoscopy procedure was conducted. The period of anesthesia for the controls was also divided into P1, P2, and P3 considering the average duration of these periods in previous laparoscopies performed. Data were analyzed through the (ANOVA) variance analysis followed by Tukey test and values at P<0.05 were considered significant. No significant differences were observed in the parameters evaluated at P1, P2 and P3 between the animals submitted to laparoscopy and control. However, the RR mean between P1 (38.8 ± 4.42) and P3 (32.7 ± 4.81); and the RT mean between the P1 (38.2°C ± 0.17), P2 (37.6°C ± 0.19) and P3 (37.0°C ± 0.21) varied significantly, independent of the laparoscopy. These data indicated that laparoscopy didn’t cause any significant alterations in the cardiorespiratory parameters evaluated, even though the anesthetic protocol used can cause a reduction in the RT contributing to development of hypothermia during anesthesia.