PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Batista M.C.S, Castro R.S., Rego E.W., Carvalho A.A., Silva S.M.S., Carvalho C.D.D. & Riet-Correa F. 2009. [Hematology and blood biochemistry in sheep with conidiobolomycosis in northeastern Brazil.] Hemograma, proteinograma, ionograma e dosagens bioquímicas e enzimáticas de ovinos acometidos de conidiobolomicose no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):17-24 Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-450, Brazil. Email: cbatista@ufpi.br Hematologic values, serum levels of albumin, globulins, total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total, direct and indirect bilirrubin, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalin phosphatase (AF) and gama-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in 56 hair sheep with conidiobolomycosis and 371 healthy hair sheep from the same flocks. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis had nonregenerative, normocytic and normochromic anemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and increased nutrophil:lymphocyte rate, moderate monocytosis, moderate thrombocytosis, hypoproteinemia (hypoglobulinemia), hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and increased values of phosphorus. Serum activities of AST and GGT were increased and serum activity of FA decreased. Serum values of urea and creatinine were within normal values. Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirrubinemia were also observed. These results can be used for experimental studies with the disease, for treatments trials, and to detect early cases of the disease without clinical signs. Otherwise the hematologic and blood biochemistry values of healthy sheep can be used as reference values for hair sheep in the semi-arid region of Brazil.

• Serum biochemistry hematology liver function renal function conidiobolomycosis healthy hair sheep

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Batista M.C.S, Castro R.S., Rego E.W., Carvalho A.A., Silva S.M.S., Carvalho C.D.D. & Riet-Correa F. 2009. [Hematology and blood biochemistry in sheep with conidiobolomycosis in northeastern Brazil.] Hemograma, proteinograma, ionograma e dosagens bioquímicas e enzimáticas de ovinos acometidos de conidiobolomicose no Nordeste do Brasil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(1):17-24 Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, s/n, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-450, Brazil. Email: cbatista@ufpi.br Hematologic values, serum levels of albumin, globulins, total proteins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total, direct and indirect bilirrubin, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalin phosphatase (AF) and gama-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined in 56 hair sheep with conidiobolomycosis and 371 healthy hair sheep from the same flocks. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis had nonregenerative, normocytic and normochromic anemia, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and increased nutrophil:lymphocyte rate, moderate monocytosis, moderate thrombocytosis, hypoproteinemia (hypoglobulinemia), hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia and increased values of phosphorus. Serum activities of AST and GGT were increased and serum activity of FA decreased. Serum values of urea and creatinine were within normal values. Hypoglycemia and hyperbilirrubinemia were also observed. These results can be used for experimental studies with the disease, for treatments trials, and to detect early cases of the disease without clinical signs. Otherwise the hematologic and blood biochemistry values of healthy sheep can be used as reference values for hair sheep in the semi-arid region of Brazil.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

• Calves Zebu taurine serum proteins immunoglobulins

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Costa M.C., Flaiban K.K.M.C., Coneglian M.M., Feitosa F.L.F., Balarin M.R.S. & Lisbôa J.A.N. 2008. [Passive transfer of immunity in Nelore and Limousin calves and serum proteinogram in the first four months of life.] Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros das raças Nelore e Limousin e proteinograma sérico nos primeiros quatro meses de vida. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):410-416. Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil. E-mail: janlisboa@uel.br To study the passive transfer of immunity, 90 healthy calves, 45 Nelore and 45 Limousin, were grouped (n=15) according to their dam’s parity: first, second or third or more calvings. Blood samples were draw from each calf with 24 to 36 hours of life and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The total serum (TSP) and plasma (TPP) proteins, gamaglutamiltransferase activity (GGT), serum albumin, alpha, beta and gammaglobulin by electrophoresis in agarose gel and IgG estimated by the zinc sulphate turbidity test were determined. Two-way-ANOVA was used to compare the data in the first age. The age behaviour was analysed through repeated measures ANOVA. Correlations were established between the variables. The passive transfer of immunity was successful in both breeds and the parity of the dam had no effect on the calves’ serum gammaglobulin concentration. The levels of gammaglobulins were higher at the end of the first day of life, and decreased until 60 days. From there on, the increase due to the active production of antibodies was precocious in taurine calves and slower in Zebu calves. At the end of the first day of life, the gammaglobulin was correlated with IgG (r=0,859), TPP (r=0,807), TSP (r=0,811) and GGT (r=0,399). The variation of serum proteins followed the normal pattern throughout the first four months of life, with little differences between taurine and Zebu calves.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Miranda R.L., Mundim A.V., Costa À.S., Guimarães R.V. & Silva F.O.C. 2008. Serum biochemistry of 4-day-old ostriches (Struthio camelus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):423-426. Laboratório Clínico Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2T, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil. E-mail: renatavetufu@yahoo.com.br An analysis was made of 30 four-day-old ostriches to evaluate their protein, metabolite, mineral, and serum enzyme profiles, to correlate them with the birds’ sex. The values obtained were: Total proteins 3.59±0.72g/dL, albumin 1.04±0.14g/dL, globulins 2.51±0.56g/dL, A:G ratio 0.43± 0.07, total cholesterol 615.10±101.15mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 132.72±20.33mg/dL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 454.93±90.81mg/dL, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) 27.45±9.96mg/dL, triglycerides 137.23±49.78mg/dL, uric acid 6.24±2.15mg/dL, urea 18.27±12.33mg/dL, creatinine 0.30±0.04mg/dL, total calcium 9.38± 0.76mg/dL, ionized calcium 7.17±0.64mg/dL, phosphorus 6.96±0.91mg/dL, Ca:P ratio 1.37±0.21, iron 24.74±13.02µg/dL, sodium 142.03±6.17mEq/L, chlorides 109.59± 4.99mEq/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 200.67±31.42 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 3.90±1.92 U/L, g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1.18±0.73 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 597.30± 231.36 U/L, and creatine kinase (CK) 2348.30±755.60 U/L. Males and females showed significant differences in total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase, A:G ratio, and uric acid.

• Serum biochemistry ostriches Struthio camelus

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Miranda R.L., Mundim A.V., Costa À.S., Guimarães R.V. & Silva F.O.C. 2008. Serum biochemistry of 4-day-old ostriches (Struthio camelus). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(9):423-426. Laboratório Clínico Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2T, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil. E-mail: renatavetufu@yahoo.com.br An analysis was made of 30 four-day-old ostriches to evaluate their protein, metabolite, mineral, and serum enzyme profiles, to correlate them with the birds’ sex. The values obtained were: Total proteins 3.59±0.72g/dL, albumin 1.04±0.14g/dL, globulins 2.51±0.56g/dL, A:G ratio 0.43± 0.07, total cholesterol 615.10±101.15mg/dL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 132.72±20.33mg/dL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 454.93±90.81mg/dL, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) 27.45±9.96mg/dL, triglycerides 137.23±49.78mg/dL, uric acid 6.24±2.15mg/dL, urea 18.27±12.33mg/dL, creatinine 0.30±0.04mg/dL, total calcium 9.38± 0.76mg/dL, ionized calcium 7.17±0.64mg/dL, phosphorus 6.96±0.91mg/dL, Ca:P ratio 1.37±0.21, iron 24.74±13.02µg/dL, sodium 142.03±6.17mEq/L, chlorides 109.59± 4.99mEq/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 200.67±31.42 U/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 3.90±1.92 U/L, g-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 1.18±0.73 U/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 597.30± 231.36 U/L, and creatine kinase (CK) 2348.30±755.60 U/L. Males and females showed significant differences in total proteins, globulins, alkaline phosphatase, A:G ratio, and uric acid.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Filappi A.R., Prestes D.S., Antes F.G., Flores E.L.M., Dressler V.L., Flores E.M.M. & Cecim M. 2008. [Metabolism and distribution of fluor in lambs chronically treated with sodium fluoride.] Metabolismo e distribuição do flúor em ovinos jovens tratados cronicamente com fluoreto de sódio. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):124-128. Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: afilappi@bol.com.br The objective of the present study was to evaluate fluorine metabolism in growing lambs. Twelve 5-month-old male lambs maintained on alfalfa hay (3% BW) and non-fluorinated water ad libitum were used. Animals were allocated into Control, receiving 5g NaCl/animal/day + 0.2mg I/kg dry matter) and Treated group, receiving the same treatment plus sodium fluoride (4.7mg F/kg body weight). Mineral treatment was given by gavage, daily for 150 days. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected during and the end of the experiment. At the end of treatment period animals were euthanized and kidney, pineal and bone samples were collected. Urine F was higher in treated animals throughout the experiment. Bone F levels were also increased in treated animals; pineal F content however, was not different between groups. Kidney histology revealed no differences. It is concluded that chronic F administration induces accumulation of the element in the skeleton. However such fact appears not to be detrimental to animals. Rates of F accumulation in bone and urine excretion obtained in other species can not be used in growing lambs.

• Fluoride sheep serum urine bone

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Filappi A.R., Prestes D.S., Antes F.G., Flores E.L.M., Dressler V.L., Flores E.M.M. & Cecim M. 2008. [Metabolism and distribution of fluor in lambs chronically treated with sodium fluoride.] Metabolismo e distribuição do flúor em ovinos jovens tratados cronicamente com fluoreto de sódio. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(2):124-128. Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: afilappi@bol.com.br The objective of the present study was to evaluate fluorine metabolism in growing lambs. Twelve 5-month-old male lambs maintained on alfalfa hay (3% BW) and non-fluorinated water ad libitum were used. Animals were allocated into Control, receiving 5g NaCl/animal/day + 0.2mg I/kg dry matter) and Treated group, receiving the same treatment plus sodium fluoride (4.7mg F/kg body weight). Mineral treatment was given by gavage, daily for 150 days. Blood, urine and fecal samples were collected during and the end of the experiment. At the end of treatment period animals were euthanized and kidney, pineal and bone samples were collected. Urine F was higher in treated animals throughout the experiment. Bone F levels were also increased in treated animals; pineal F content however, was not different between groups. Kidney histology revealed no differences. It is concluded that chronic F administration induces accumulation of the element in the skeleton. However such fact appears not to be detrimental to animals. Rates of F accumulation in bone and urine excretion obtained in other species can not be used in growing lambs.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Schenk M.A.M., Mendonça C.L., Madruga C.R., Kohayagawa A. & Araújo F.R. 2001. [Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of Nellore cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax] Avaliação clínico and laboratorial de bovinos nelore infectados experimentalmente com Trypanosoma vivax. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):157-161. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. In arder to evaluate the clinical-laboratorial alterations, six Neil ore calves were inoculated with 107 Trypanosoma vivax isolated from Poconé region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The animals were evaluated daily for rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV), parasitemia, antibody production, calor of mucous membranes, behavior and appetite. Blood and serum samples for biochemical evaluation for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phbsphatase (AF), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), calcium, phosphorus and proteinogram were collected on days 4, 8, 12, 16, 23 and 30 post inoculation (DPI). During the following 6 months rectal temperature, PCV and parasitemia were evaluated weekly. T. vivax was evidenced from 1 DPI in all calves and persisted until day 30 in five of six animals. A remarkable decrease (p<0.05) of PCV mean value (25%) was observed on 10 DPI. The animals presented no alterations in their clinical or serum biochemical state during the trial. Seroconversion took place 6 and 8 DPI, and all the animals remained seropositive during the 30 days of experiment. In all the experimental animals the occurrence of T. vivax infection was verified, characterized by the increase of corporal temperature, presente of the blood protozoa and reduction of the globular volume, without altéations in the other variables analyzed. Nellore calves, when experimentally inoculated with T. vivax, are able to establish a balance between host-parasite relationship.

• Trypanosoma vivax calves hematology serum biochemistry proteinogram bezerros hematologia bioquímica sérica proteinograma.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Schenk M.A.M., Mendonça C.L., Madruga C.R., Kohayagawa A. & Araújo F.R. 2001. [Clinical and laboratorial evaluation of Nellore cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax] Avaliação clínico and laboratorial de bovinos nelore infectados experimentalmente com Trypanosoma vivax. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(4):157-161. Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. Avaliaram-se as alterações clínico-laboratoriais de seis bezerros Nelore, de ambos os sexos, inoculados experimentalmente com 107 organismos viáveis de Trypanosoma vivax, isolados de bovinos da região de Poconé, Estado de Mato Grosso. Os animais foram observados diariamente, durante 30 dias, quanto aos parâmetros de temperatura retal, volume globular (VG), parasitemia, produção de anticorpos, coloração de mucosas, comportamento e apetite. Deteminaram-se os níveis séricos de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), creatina kinase (CK), colesterol, uréia, creatinina, cálcio, fósforo e o perfil eletroforético das proteínas séricas aos 4, 8, 12, 16, 23 e 30 dias pós-inoculação (DPI). Durante os 6 meses seguintes, os animais foram observados semanalmente, avaliando-se a temperatura retal, o VG e a parasitemia. T. vivax foi evidenciado a partir do terceiro e quarto DPI em todos os bezerros e persistiu até o 30º DPI em cinco dos seis animais em estudo. Ocorreu um decréscimo significativo (p<0,05) do valor médio do VG (25%) aos dez DPI. Os animais não apresentaram qualquer alteração no quadro clínico, bem como na avaliação da bioquímica sérica durante o período experimental. A soroconversão ocorreu aos 6 e 8 DPI, permanecendo todos os animais soropositivos nos 30 dias experimentais. Bovinos nelores jovens, infectados experimentalmente com T. vivax, foram capazes de estabelecer um equilíbrio na relação hospedeiro-parasita.

Abstract in English:

In arder to study laboratorial aspects of beef cow mortality, a syndrome popularly known as "doença da vaca caída", examens were made of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, bone and liver samples from 32 naturally affected 4 to 9 year old cows, 27 belonging to the Nellore breed and5 were crossbred Nellore, all originating from farms located in municipalities near Botucatu, State of São Paulo. Laboratory determinations were analysed by descriptive statistics and included hematological values, total plasma protein, plasma fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and concentration measurements of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase activities, included bane ash percentage and concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, and also hepatic levels of copper, zinc, iron, manganese and cobalt. In addition, mouse bioassays and complement micro-fixation tests were performed to detect botulinum toxins in liver samples. The results indicated leukocytosis (13,3±3,9 x103/mm3) with neutrophilia (8,9±3,2 x103/mm3), hypocalcemia (7,8±1,7mg/dl), hypophosphatemia (3,6±1,6mg/dl), hypoalbuminemia (2,9±0,9g/cll), increased creatine kinase activity (691,0±829,7 UI/1), and reduced ash percentage (60,3±1,9%) and low phosphorus (17,2±0,4%) in bane. The other values were all within normal limits. The diagnosis of botulism, involving type C and D toxins, was confirmed as the cause of the mortality in the region of study, what is strongly consistent with the other laboratorial findings.

• Bovine epizootic botulism hematology serum biochemistty mineral deficiency

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de verificar alguns aspectos laboratoriais da mortalidade de vacas de corte, popularmente conhecida como "doença da vaca caída", estudaram-se amostras de sangue total, líquor, soro sanguíneo, osso e fígado colhidas de 32 fêmeas bovinas (27 da raça Nelore e 5 mestiças), entre 4 e 9 anos de idade, naturalmente acometidas e pertencentes a propriedades rurais localizadas em municípios próximos a Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. Procederam-se as determinações e o estudo estatístico descritivo das variáveis: 1) hematológicas, de proteínas plasmáticas totais e fibrinogênio; 2) dos aspectos físicos, bioquímicos e celularidade no líquor; 3) de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, sódio, potássio; cloretos, proteína total, albumina, globulina e atividades da fosfatase alcalina, aspartato aminotransferase, gama-glutamiltransferase e creatina quinase no soro sanguíneo; 4) de cinzas, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio no osso, e, 5) de cobre, zinco, ferro, manganês e cobalto no fígado, empregando-se as provas de inoculação em camundongos e de microfixação de complemento para a detecção da presença de toxinas botulínicas nas amostras de tecido hepático. Os resultados apontaramcomo alterações, leucocitose (13,3±3,9 x103/mm3) com neutrofilia (8,9±3,2 x103/mm3), hipocalcemia (7,8±1,7mg/ dl), hipofosfatemia (3,6±1,6mg/dl), hipoalbuminemia (2,9±0,9g/dl), elevação na atividade da creatina quinase (692,0±829,7 UI/1) e reduções na cinza (60,3±1,9%) e fósforo (17,2±0,4%) ósseos, como indicativos do estado carencial de fósforo, apresentando-se as demais variáveis dentro dos limites de variação considerados normais para a espécie. O diagnóstico de botullsmo, com envolvimento das toxinas C e D, foi confirmado como a causa da mortalidade investigada na área de abrangência do estudo, e encontra coerência com o conjunto de resultados.

• Bovino botulismo epizoótico hematologia bioquímica sérica deficiência mineral

Abstract in English:

Three strains of A/equi 2 virus isolated during outbreaks of equine influenza observed in Brazil during 1969, 1985 and 1987 were compared antigenically, performing hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. Hyperimmune rooster sera and post-infeccion 21-day-old chicken sera were used. The results of the tests showed minor differences among the strains studied. The two more recent strains (1985 and 1987) are elosely related and both equally different from the 1969 one. This strain showed essentially no difference with the prototype strain (A/equi 2/Miami/1/63). The results suggest that a slight antigenic variation occurred in the hemagglutinin of A/equi 2 virus over the years 1969 to 1985.

• Equine influenza hemagglutination inhibition serum neutralization brazilian strains

Abstract in Portuguese:

Descreve-se um estudo comparativo das características antigênicas de três amostras de vírus de influenza equina (IE) A/equi 2, isoladas no Brasil em 1969, 1985 e 1987, utilizando-se as provas de inibição de hemoaglutinação (IHA) e soroneutralização (SN) em ovos embrionados. Soros de galos imunizados conforme técnica preconizada pela OMS e soros de pintos que sofreram infecção virai foram empregados. Os resultados dessas provas indicaram existir uma ligeira variação antigênica entre as amostras estudadas. As dilas amostras mais recentes (1985 e 1987) estão estreitamente relacionadas e ambas igualmente distanciadas da amostra de 1969 que por sua vez se apresentou mais próxima da cepa protótipo do vírus - A/equi 2/Miami/l/63. Os resultados das provas de IHA são melhor evidenciados com os soros de pintos, sangrados 21 dias pós infecção, que apresentam títulos inibidores mais elevados. As provas de SN confirmaram os achados obtidos com IHA e como seus resultados são expressos em valores maiores, sua análise e interpretação ficam mais fácil de serem demonstradas. Em ambos os tipos de prova, os resultados obtidos sugerem que uma ligeira variação antigênica da hemaglutinina do vírus A/equi 2 ocorreu entre os anos de 1969 e 1985.

• Influenza eqüina inibição de hemoaglutinação soroneutralização amostras de vírus autóctones

Abstract in English:

In an attempt to determine the most suitable screening test for the identification of antibodies to Aujeszky's disease vírus in large scale, immunoelectrosmophoresis (IEOP), serum neutralization in microtitre plates (SN) and agar gel immunodiffusion (MID) were adapted to our working conditions and compared. For the comparison between IEOP and SN, 575 field sera of swine from the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were used. The IEOP detected 358 (100%) positive sera, whereas SN detected 293 (81,84%) positives and 35 (9,78%) negatives. In 30 (8,38%) samples no results could be obtained with SN due to contamination or cell culture toxicity. In 217 (100%) samples negative by IEOP, 199 (91,7%) were negative by SN. The remainder 18 (8,29%) allowed no SN result. MID was included in the comparison by testing 386 sera by the three methods. From 285 (100%) IEOP positive sera, SN detected 226 (79,3%) positives, 31 (10,9%) negatives and 28 (9,8%) without result. MID detected 193 (67,7%) positives, 84 (29,5%) negatives and 8 (2,8%) allowed no conclusive result. In 101 (100%) IEOP negative sera, a11 were also negative by MID; 95 (94,05%) were negative by SN and 6 (5,94%) gave no result. Considering the SN results as standard, the IEOP has shown to be a useful technique for screening particularly for laboratories where cell culture facilities are not available. The positive sera heve, however, to be retested either by SN or ELISA, in order to be sure of its positivity, since about 10% of samples were false positives. The MID, despite simpler than IEOP, showed 15,79% false negatives, what might compromise its use as a preliminary test for massive serology.

• Immunoelectrosmophoresis serum neutralization microimmunodiffusion comparative tests Aujeszky's disease

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetivo de determinar o teste de triagem mais eficaz para a identificação de anticorpos contra o vírus da Doença de Aujeszky em larga escala, imunoeletrosmoforese (IEOF), soroneutralização em microtécnica (SN) e imunodifusão em gel de agar foran1 adaptados às nossas condições de trabalho e comparados. Para a comparação entre IEOF e SN, 575 soros de campo de suínos dos Estados de Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul foram utilizados. A IEOF detectou 358 (100%) soros positivos, enquanto a SN detectou 293 (81,84%) positivos e 35 (9,78%) negativos. Em 30 (8,38%) amostras, nenhum resultado pôde ser obtido com a SN devido a contaminação ou toxicidade aos cultivas celulares. Em 217 (100%) amostras negativas por IEOF, 199 (91,7%) foram negativas por SN. As 18 (8,29%) restantes não permitiram resultado por SN. MIO foi incluída na comparação através da testagem comparativa de 386 soros pelos três métodos. De 285 (100%) soros IEOF positivos, a SN detectou 226 (79,3%) positivos, 31 (10,9%) negativos e em 28 (9,8%) não foi obtido resultado. A MIO detectou 193 (67,7%) positivos, 84 (29,5%) negativos e 8 (2,8%) soros não permitiram um resultado conclusivo. Em 101 (100%) soros IEOF negativos, todos foram também negativos por MID; 95 (94,05%) foram negativos por SN e 6 (5,94%) não permitiram resultado. Considerando os resultados da SN como padrão, a IEOF mostrou ser uma técnica útil para triagem, particularmente em laboratórios onde não são trabalhadas técnicas de cultivo celular. Os soros positivos necessitam, no entanto, ser retestados por SN ou ELISA, a fim de serem confirmados resultados positivos, uma vez que em torno de 10% das amostras foram falsos positivos, A MID, apesar de se constituir em uma técnica mais simples que a IEOF, mostrou 15,79% de falsos negativos, o que pode comprometer seu uso como um teste preliminar para sorologia em larga escala.

• Imunoeletrosmoforese soroneutralização microimunodifusão testes comparativos doença de Aujeszky

Abstract in English:

A comparison was made between the plate immunodiffusion (ID) test and the micro-serum neutralization (SN) test in the detection of antibodies for Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in pig sera, using a total of 813 sera derived from five infected herds. The plate ID test was as sensitive and specific as the micro SN test in detecting positive sera that possessed neutralizing activity only when tested undiluted. Sera with this titer generally reacted by bending the precipitation line formed between the antigen and the reference serum. Sera with SN titers equal to or greater than eight, usually gave two lines of precipitation. The plate ID test was equally efficient and specific in detecting antibodies resulting from a natural infection or from vaccination with an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine, as well as maternally-derived antibodies in the sera of piglets from vaccinated sows. Of 813 sera assayed in the micro SN test, 295 (36.3%) contained ADV antibody, 382 (47%) were negative and 136 (16.7%) were toxic. The sarne sera assayed in the plate ID test showed 347 (42.7%) positive for precipitating antibodies and466 (57.3%) negative. The major limitation of the SN test was the excessive percentage of sera (16.7%) that were toxic for the indicator cells (chicken embryo fibroblasts), due mainly to bacterial contamination and/or hemolysis as a result bad handling and storage of samples before arriving to the laboratory. The disagreement between the number of positive sera detected by the two tests in favor of the plate ID test, was due to the fact that 52 sera that were positive by this test were toxic when assayed by SN. Under the experimental conditions, the plate ID test was both sensitive and specific for the detection of antibodies for ADV, and as well as being economic, simple and rapid to perform, there is the advantage that it can be used to test moderately contaminated and/or hemolysed sera that are toxic for the indicator cells in the SN test.

• Serum neutralization immunodiffusion diagnosis Aujeszky swine

Abstract in Portuguese:

A comparação do teste de imunodifusão (ID) em placa e o microteste de soroneutralização (SN), na detecção de anticorpos para o vírus da doença de Aujeszky (VDA) em soros suínos, foi realizada em 813 soros oriundos de cinco plantéis infectados com o VDA. O teste de ID em placa foi altamente sensível e especifico, detectando como positivos soros que, no micro-teste de soroneutralização, apenas reagiam quando eram testados sem diluir. Os soros com este título reagiam, geralmente, dobrando a linha de precipitação formada entre o antígeno e o soro de referência. Soros com títulos SN de oito ou superiores apresentavam freqüentemente duas linhas de precipitação. O teste de ID foi igualmente eficiente e específico na detecção de anticorpos da infecção natural, da vacinação com vacina inativada oleosa, bem como de anticorpos transferidos da porca para os leitões via colostro. De 813 soros submetidos ao teste de SN, 295 (36,3%) revelaram anticorpos, 382 (47%) eram negativos e 136 (16,7%) eram tóxicos. Os mesmos soros submetidos ao teste de ID, revelaram 347 (42,7%) positivos para anticorpos precipitantes enquanto que, 466 (57,3%) eram negativos. A maior limitação do teste de SN foi a excessiva percentagem de soros tóxicos (16,7%) para as células indicadoras (fibroblastos de embrião de galinha), principalmente, devido a contaminação bacteriana e/ou hemólise causada por deficiente dessoragem e estocagem antes de serem enviados ao laboratório. A discordância entre o número de soros detectados como positivos para anticorpos em favor do teste de ID, foi devido ao fato de que 52 soros positivos por este teste foram tóxicos no teste de SN. Nas atuais condições, o teste de ID foi sensível e específico na detecção de anticorpos para o VDA e tem a vantagem de ser econômico, simples e rápido de realizar, além de poder testar soros moderadamente contaminados e/ou hemolisados que são tóxicos para as culturas celulares utilizadas no teste de SN.

• Soroneutralização imunodifusão diagnóstico Aujeszky suínos