PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Guaraná E.L.S., Riet-Correa F., Mendonça, C.L., Medeiros R.M.T., Costa N.A. & Afonso J.A.B. 2011. [Poisoning by Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):59-64. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: eduardoguarana@hotmail.com Outbreaks of a disease of the nervous system are reported in cattle in three farms in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco. Morbidity, mortality and fatality rates varied from 3 to 25%, 0 to 20% and 0 to 60%, respectively. A weed found in large amounts in the pastures was identified as Solanum paniculatum. Clinical signs were characterized by transitory, periodic attacks with loss of balance, incoordinated gait, neck and head extension, hypermetria, intention tremors, nystagmus, and falls. The attacks were induced when the animals were disturbed or by the application of the head raising test. Two cows showed permanent signs including ataxia, abnormal posture, staggering gait with limbs in abduction, intention tremors, hypermetria, and progressive weight loss. Histological lesions in one cow were fine vacuolation of the cerebellar Purkinje neurons with marginalization of the nucleus. Loss of Purkinje neurons with proliferation of Bergmann astrocytes and Wallerian degeneration with axonal spheroids in the granular layer and cerebellar white matter were also observed. Neuronal vacuolation and axonal spheroids were observed in the gracillis nucleus. In one cow that stayed for approximately 10 months in an area free of S. paniculatum with permanent signs, there was a severe depletion of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The granular and molecular layers were reduced and depleted of cells. Considering that the toxic compound of S. paniculatum is unknown, and that the plant is largely used as a medical plant, it is necessary to take into account the risk of human poisoning.

• Poisonous plants Solanum paniculatum Solanaceae plant poisoning storage disease Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta sistema nervoso central doença de armazenamento

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Guaraná E.L.S., Riet-Correa F., Mendonça, C.L., Medeiros R.M.T., Costa N.A. & Afonso J.A.B. 2011. [Poisoning by Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) in cattle.] Intoxicação por Solanum paniculatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 31(1):59-64. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: eduardoguarana@hotmail.com Surtos de uma doença neurológica com sinais cerebelares ocorreram em três fazendas da região Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. A morbidade foi de 3 a 25%, a mortalidade variou de 0 a 20% e a letalidade foi de 0 a 60%. Uma planta que predominava nos pastos das fazendas foi identificada como Solanum paniculatum. Os sinais clínicos apresentados foram de crises periódicas caracterizadas por incoordenação, extensão da cabeça e pescoço, ataxia, hipermetria, tremores de intenção, nistagmo e quedas. As crises eram induzidas pelo teste de levantar a cabeça ou quando os animais eram assustados ou quando aplicado o teste de levantar a cabeça. Alguns animais apresentaram sinais permanentes com alterações posturais, tremores de intenção, andar cambaleante com os membros em abdução e perda progressiva de peso. De dois bovinos que foram necropsiados, um apresentava diminuição de tamanho do cerebelo com marcada atrofia da substância cinzenta. Histologicamente, um dos bovinos apresentou vacuolização fina do pericário das células de Purkinje do cerebelo com marginalização do núcleo. Em algumas áreas havia perda de neurônios de Purkinje com proliferação de astrócitos de Bergmann. Degeneração do tipo Walleriana, com esferoides axonais e vacúolos, alguns contendo macrófagos, foi observada na camada granular do cerebelo, substância branca cerebelar e medula cerebelar. Neurônios vacuolizados e esferóides axonais foram observados também no núcleo gracilis. Em outro bovino com sinais permanentes, que permaneceu por aproximadamente 10 meses sem ter acesso a S. paniculatum, observou-se ausência quase total de células de Purkinje. Havia severa depleção das camadas granular e molecular que se encontravam marcadamente diminuídas de espessura e com rarefação do neurópilo e menor número de células. Considerando que se desconhece o princípio ativo de S. paniculatum e que a planta é largamente utilizada como planta medicinal é necessário alertar para os riscos de intoxicação em humanos.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Silva N.S., Silveira J.A.S., Pinheiro C.P., Sousa M.G.S., Oliveira C.M.C., Mendonça C.L., Duarte M.D & Barbosa J.D. 2010. [Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from sheep with mastitis in northeastern Pará, Brazil.] Etiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias isoladas de ovelhas com mastite na região nordeste do estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(12):1043-1048. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: nataliasilva@ufpa.br The objective of this paper was to study the etiology of mastitis in sheep at northeastern Pará, and to establish the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 176 Santa Inês nursing sheep kept in semi-intensive system from seven properties were examined. The mammary gland was clinically examined and the milk was submitted to the Caneca Telada Test, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacteriological examinations and antibiograms. Out of the 352 mammary halves (176 sheep), 5.9% (21/352) had clinical mastitis and by the CMT test, 7.39% (26/352) had subclinical mastitis and 86.64% (305/352) mammary halves did not have mastitis. Most of the animals with mastitis were in the second third of the lactation period, had less kids and more lactation periods. The following bacteria were isolated from the clinical mastitis Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (42,9%); Staphylococcus aureus (9.52%); Streptococcus spp. (4.76%) and Escherichia coli (4.76%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. (4,76%); Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic, Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative non hemolytic pigment (4.76%). Already in subclinical mastitis the bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (26.9%); Staphylococcus aureus (15.,4%); Streptococcus spp. (7.69%); Escherichia coli (7.69%) and Citrobacter freundii (11.5%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic (3.85%). The most efficient antibiotics for the Gram positive agents were penicile/novobiocine (100%), cefalotine (100%) and florfenicol (100%) and for the Citrobacter freundii were ampicilina (100%) and florfenicol (100%). In relation to Escherichia coli, 66.7% of isolates to ampicillin, cephalothin, florfenicol and tetracycline were resistant. Mastitis is present in sheep in the State of Pará, and it’s necessary to estimate, in future studies, the economic losses caused by this disease. The CMT show satisfactory results and can be recommended as a screening test for diagnosing individual cases of subclinical mastitis in sheep, once had a good relationship with the microbiological examination. In the antibiogram where most of the isolated agents appear sensitive to different antibiotics tested, the antibiotics with the best efficiency were florfenicol and cefoxitin.

• Mastitis mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Silva N.S., Silveira J.A.S., Pinheiro C.P., Sousa M.G.S., Oliveira C.M.C., Mendonça C.L., Duarte M.D & Barbosa J.D. 2010. [Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from sheep with mastitis in northeastern Pará, Brazil.] Etiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias isoladas de ovelhas com mastite na região nordeste do estado do Pará. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(12):1043-1048. Central de Diagnóstico Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Campus Castanhal, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Maximino Porpino da Silva 1000, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: nataliasilva@ufpa.br Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a etiologia da mastite em ovelhas na região nordeste do Pará, além de estabelecer o perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias isoladas frente a antimicrobianos. Foram examinadas 176 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, em lactação, mantidas em sistema semi-intensivo, pertencentes a sete propriedades especializadas na criação de ovinos. Foi realizado o exame clínico da glândula mamária, o exame macroscópico da secreção láctea por meio do Teste da Caneca Telada, o California Mastitis Test (CMT), o exame microbiológico do leite e o antibiograma. Das 352 metades mamárias estudadas (176 ovelhas), 21 (5,97%) apresentaram mastite clínica, 26 (7,39%) apresentaram mastite subclínica e 305 (86,64%) metades mamárias foram negativas. A maioria dos animais acometidos pela mastite estava no terço médio da lactação, com menor número de crias e maior número de lactações. Na mastite clínica (MC) as bactérias isoladas foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (42,9%); Staphylococcus aureus (9,52%); Streptococcus spp. (4,76%) e Escherichia coli (4,76%). As associações observadas foram Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus spp. (4,76%); Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo não hemolítica, Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo hemolítica e Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo pigmento não hemolítica (4,76%). Já na mastite subclínica (MSC), as bactérias isoladas foram Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo (26,9%); Staphylococcus aureus (15,4%); Streptococcus spp. (7,69%); Escherichia coli (7,69%) e Citrobacter freundii (11,5%). A associação observada foi Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo não hemolítica e Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negativo hemolítica (3,85%). Os antimicrobianos com maior eficácia contra os agentes isolados Gram positivos foram penicilina/novobiocina (100%), cefalotina (100%) e florfenicol (100%) e contra o Citrobacter freundii foram a ampicilina (100%) e florfenicol (100%). Já em relação a Escherichia coli, 66,7% dos isolados mostraram-se resistentes à ampicilina, cefalotina, florfenicol e tetraciclina. A mastite está presente em ovelhas no estado do Pará, havendo a necessidade de estimar, em estudos futuros, as perdas econômicas causadas por essa enfermidade. O CMT apresentou resultados satisfatórios, podendo ser recomendado como teste de triagem para o diagnóstico de casos individuais de mastite subclínica em ovinos, uma vez que apresentou boa relação com o exame microbiológico. No antibiograma foi observado que a maioria dos agentes isolados apresenta-se sensível aos diferentes antimicrobianos testados, sendo os antibióticos com melhor eficiência o florfenicol e a cefoxitina.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Costa N.A., Simão L.C.V., Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Fagliari J.J., Cardoso E.C., Soares P.C. & Mendonça C.L. 2010. [Proteinogram and serum concentrations of copper, iron and zinc in Santa Inês ewes with Staphylococcus aureus experimentally induced mastitis.] Proteinograma e teores de cobre, ferro e zinco no soro sanguíneo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês com mastite experimental por Staphylococcus aureus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):435-442. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Caixa Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: carlalopes.mendonca@gmail.com The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus experimentally induced mastitis on proteinogram and serum concentrations of cupper, iron and zinc levels of Santa Ines primiparous ewes . The right mammary gland of ten healthy ewes was inoculated with 1,0x104 UFC/mL of S. aureus. Clinical examination and determination of serum concentrations of proteins by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE), cupper, iron and zinc, as well plasma level of fibrinogen were measured before the inoculation (control) and 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 84h, 96h, 108h, 120h, 132h, 168h, 180h, 288h and 336h after bacteria inoculation. All animals experimentally infected presented clinical mastitis and subsequent loss of mammary gland function. The electrophoretogram allowed the identification of 23 proteins with molecular weights (MW) ranged from 26.000 to 185.000 daltons (Da) including acute-phase proteins, IgG and IgA. A significant increase (P<0,05) in haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, IgG and IgA concentrations was observed. Antitrypsin and acid glicoprotein concentrations did not alter. The levels of iron and zinc decreased and the cupper concentration increased . A positive correlation between plasma fibrinogen and serum ceruloplasmin (r=0.74), haptoglobin (r=0.62) and IgA (r=0.62) was also identified. Results showed the importance of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin as acute-phase proteins in ewes with intramammary infections and confirms fibrinogen as an inflammatory marker because its high correlation with specific proteins. The alterations in the serum levels of Cu, Fe and Zn suggest the action of inflammatory mediators triggered by S. aureus.

• Proteinogram Staphylococcus aureus mastitis proteinograma mastite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Costa N.A., Simão L.C.V., Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Fagliari J.J., Cardoso E.C., Soares P.C. & Mendonça C.L. 2010. [Proteinogram and serum concentrations of copper, iron and zinc in Santa Inês ewes with Staphylococcus aureus experimentally induced mastitis.] Proteinograma e teores de cobre, ferro e zinco no soro sanguíneo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês com mastite experimental por Staphylococcus aureus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):435-442. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Bom Pastor s/n, Boa Vista, Caixa Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: carlalopes.mendonca@gmail.com Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o proteinograma e os teores de cobre, ferro e zinco no soro sangüíneo de ovelhas com mastite induzida por cepa de campo de Staphylococcus aureus. Foram utilizadas 10 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, primíparas, recém-paridas, com aproximadamente dois anos de idade e bom estado nutricional. Inoculou-se na metade direita da glândula mamária 1,0x104UFC/mL da bactéria, enquanto que a metade esquerda serviu como controle. Os animais foram acompanhados diariamente e a partir do diagnóstico clínico de mastite, procedeu-se colheita do material para realização do proteinograma sérico em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) e para determinação do teor plasmático de fibrinogênio e das concentrações séricas de cobre, ferro e zinco em 16 momentos a saber: antes da inoculação (controle) e 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 84h, 96h, 108h, 120h, 132h, 168h, 180h, 288h e 336h após a inoculação (p.i.). Todas as ovelhas apresentaram quadro clínico de mastite, com perda da funcionalidade da glândula mamária. O proteinograma permitiu a identificação de 23 proteínas, cujos pesos moleculares (PM) variaram de 26.000 a 185.000 dáltons (Da), incluindo proteínas de fase aguda, IgG e IgA. Notou-se aumento significativo nas concentrações de haptoglobina e ceruloplasmina, assim como de IgG e IgA. Não se constatou alteração nos teores de antitripisina e de glicoproteína ácida .Verificou-se diminuição nos teores de ferro e zinco e elevação na concentração de cobre. Constatou-se correlação positiva entre o teor plasmático de fibrinogênio e as concentrações séricas de ceruloplasmina (r=0,74), a haptoglobina (r=0,62) e IgA(r=0,62). Estes resultados mostram a importância das proteínas de fase aguda ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina como indicadores auxiliares da infecção intramamária de ovelhas, assim como ratifica a relevância do fibrinogênio como marcador inflamatório em razão de sua alta correlação com as proteínas especificas. As alterações nas concentrações séricas de Cu, Fe e Zn sugerem a ação de mediadores inflamatórios, estimulados por S. aureus.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Afonso J.A.B., Costa N.A., Mendonça C.L., Souza M.I. & Borges J.R.J. 2010. [Risk factors, clinical and laboratorial findings and therapeutic evaluation in 36 cattle with abomasal displacement.] Fatores de risco, achados clínicos, laboratoriais e avaliação terapêutica em 36 bovinos com deslocamento de abomaso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):453-464. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, 70636-200 Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br The continuous genetic selection for high milk production in association with greater digestive capacity and corporal depth increases the susceptibility for abomasopathies including abomasal displacement. The present work aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on abomasal displacement in 36 cattle attended at Bovine Clinic, Garanhuns Campus, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, through January 2000 to February 2009. Twenty seven cases of right abomasal displacement, six cases of left abomasal displacement and three of abomasal volvulus were diagnosed. Eleven moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention, appetite for roughage and metallic sound (“ping”) reaching at the most the 8th intercostal space were treated conservatively, and 20 severe cases with moderate to severe abdominal distention associated to systemic disturbances were treated surgically. Two cows were euthanized due to diffuse peritonitis or severe alterations in the abomasal serosa totalizing 18 animals submitted to the surgical treatment. Two animals were slaughtered and three cows arrived prostrated and died without receiving any treatment. Risk factor analysis identified rainy season as statistically significant. The greater number of abomasal displacement was in crossbred cows with 24 cases (66.6%), followed by Holstein and Gir cattle with 11 (30.5%) and one (2.9%) cases, respectively. Food composition varied greatly and characterized by excess of carbohydrates and in most cases low quality fibers. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, light to severe ruminal bloat with reduced or absent motility, splashing sound during right flank ballottement, ping and a distended viscera-like structure in the side of the displacement; liquid, blackish and fetid feces. Hematology reveals leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chloride ion concentration in 93.9% of the cases achieving the media index of 47.66 mEq/L. Clinical and surgical recovery rate achieved 100% and 72.2%, respectively. Those methods described are viable options for the treatment of light and severe displacements but the prevention remains the best choice.

• Abomasal displacement deslocamento de abomaso

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Câmara A.C.L., Afonso J.A.B., Costa N.A., Mendonça C.L., Souza M.I. & Borges J.R.J. 2010. [Risk factors, clinical and laboratorial findings and therapeutic evaluation in 36 cattle with abomasal displacement.] Fatores de risco, achados clínicos, laboratoriais e avaliação terapêutica em 36 bovinos com deslocamento de abomaso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(5):453-464. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, 70636-200 Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br A contínua seleção genética para maior produção de leite em conjunto com o aumento da capacidade digestiva e profundidade corporal aumentou a susceptibilidade à ocorrência de abomasopatias, incluindo o deslocamento do abomaso. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre o deslocamento de abomaso em 36 bovinos atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, durante o período de janeiro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2009. Foram diagnosticados 27 casos de deslocamento do abomaso à direita, seis casos de deslocamento do abomaso à esquerda e três casos de vólvulo abomasal. Onze casos considerados moderados, sem grave distensão abdominal, apetite presente para a forragem e delimitação de som metálico até o 8º espaço intercostal, foram tratados clinicamente; enquanto 20 casos com distensão abdominal moderada a severa, associada a distúrbios sistêmicos, foram considerados graves e tratados cirurgicamente. Duas vacas foram eutanasiadas devido peritonite difusa ou alterações graves na serosa do abomaso, totalizando 18 animais submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. Dois animais foram encaminhados para abate e três vacas chegaram prostradas e morreram sem receber nenhum tratamento. A análise dos fatores de risco identificou a estação chuvosa como estatisticamente significativa. O maior número de deslocamento do abomaso ocorreu em vacas mestiças com 24 casos (66,6%), seguida por bovinos da raça Holandesa com 11 (30,5%) e Gir com um (2,9%) caso. A composição da alimentação oferecida variou bastante e caracterizou-se por conter excesso de carboidratos e, na maioria dos casos, fibra de baixa qualidade. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram comportamento apático, desidratação, timpanismo ruminal leve a severo com motilidade ausente ou diminuída, som de líquido ao balotamento do flanco direito, som de chapinhar metálico e/ou observação de uma estrutura similar a uma víscera distendida no gradil costal do lado correspondente ao deslocamento; fezes liquefeitas, enegrecidas e de odor fétido. Os achados hematológicos revelaram, na maioria dos casos, leucocitose neutrofílica e hiperfibrinogenemia. Na análise do fluido ruminal havia comprometimento da dinâmica da flora e fauna microbiana, e elevação no teor de cloreto em 93,9% dos casos, com o índice médio alcançando 47,66 mEq/L. O índice de recuperação clínica e cirúrgica alcançou 100% e 72,2%, respectivamente. As condutas descritas são opções viáveis para o tratamento dos deslocamentos leves e severos, no entanto a prevenção permanece a melhor alternativa a ser adotada.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Mendonça F.S., Evêncio-Neto J., Estevão L.R.M., Melo L.E.H., Freitas, S.H., Arruda L.P., Boabaid F.M. & Colodel E.M. 2010. [Clinical aspects of the experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in goats.] Aspectos clínicos da intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3): 203-210. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br Com o objetivo de caracterizar o quadro clínico da intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos, administraram-se as favas dessa planta a oito caprinos, por via oral forçada em doses únicas e a outros dois caprinos, em doses fracionadas. A menor dose que causou sinais clínicos e morte foi a de 10g/kg. Doses de 20g/kg e 40g/kg causaram sinais acentuados e doses únicas de 5g/kg não provocaram sinais. Doses fracionadas de 5g/kg durante quatro dias, totalizando 20g/kg provocaram sinais acentuados e morte. Em ambos os grupos, os primeiros sinais de intoxicação foram observados a partir do primeiro dia de experimento e a evolução variou de 4-25 dias. A doença caracterizou-se principalmente por alterações digestórias e nervosas que consistiram em anorexia, desidratação, hipomotilidade e atonia ruminal, timpanismo, gemidos constantes, dor à percussão abdominal, fezes com muco, ranger de dentes, apatia, ataxia, dismetria, tremores de cabeça, tremores musculares, fraqueza com o andar cambaleante e trôpego, acentuada depressão e decúbito esternal ou lateral prolongado e morte. Alguns animais apresentaram acentuada queda de pêlos na região dorsal; apenas um caprino apresentou fezes líquidas, marrom-escuras e fétidas. Outros sinais incluíram perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, sialorréia, exsudato nasal seroso e lacrimejamento. As provas de função hepática e renal revelaram alterações discretas. As concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase encontraram-se levemente aumentadas e as de creatinofosfocinase muito aumentadas.

• Poisoning triterpenic saponins Stryphnodendron fissuratum Leg. Mimosoideae

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mendonça F.S., Evêncio-Neto J., Estevão L.R.M., Melo L.E.H., Freitas, S.H., Arruda L.P., Boabaid F.M. & Colodel E.M. 2010. [Clinical aspects of the experimental poisoning by the pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) in goats.] Aspectos clínicos da intoxicação experimental pelas favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3): 203-210. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil. E-mail: mendonca@dmfa.ufrpe.br In order to confirm the susceptibility of goats to the poisoning by Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) and to characterize the clinical disease, the pods of the plant were given orally to each of eight young goats and in fractioned doses to other two. The lowest lethal dose was 10g/kg. The same dose was the lowest that induced disease. Doses of 20g/kg and 40g/kg caused pronounced clinical signs and doses of 5g/kg did not caused signs. Fractioned doses of 5g/kg during four days also caused pronounced signs. In each groups the first signs of poisoning were observed from the first day of experiments and the changes ranged from 4-25 days. The disease was characterized mainly by digestive and nervous disorders. Clinical signs were partial to complete anorexia, dehydration, decrease in ruminal activity up to atonia, tympanism, constant vocalizations, grinding of the teeth pain up on abdominal palpation, apathy, ataxia, depression, dysmetria, head and muscle tremors, weakness, difficulty in rising, sternal or lateral recumbency and death. Some goats presented extense hair loss in the skin of the dorsum; one goat presented liquid and black fetid feces. Other signs included loss of ruminal fluid during rumination, drooling, serous nasal and ocular discharges. Liver and kidney function tests had resulted in slight changes. AST serum levels were slightly increased and creatine phosphokinase levels were highly increased. These changes can associated to the effects of triterpenic saponins contained in the S. fissuratum pods.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Afonso J.A.B., Costa N.A., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil.] Compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):387-394. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Despite the frequent use of dry and fibrous roughage for feeding cows in many regions, especially during the dry season, impaction of the abomasum has been poorly reported in Brazil, probably because the condition is misdiagnosed by practitioners. The present paper aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Eight moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention and with no rumen compaction, were treated conservatively, and four severe cases, with severe abdominal distention and rumen compaction, were treated surgically. One bull was slaughtered and one cow died without treatment. The greater number of abomasal impaction cases was in Holstein cows with six cases (42.9%), followed by crossbred cattle with five cases (35.8%), and the breeds Brown-Swiss, Nelore and Marchigiana, each with one case (21.3%). The food composition was characterized by low quality fibers and varied greatly among cases. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, hypomotility and ruminal bloat, intestinal hypomotility and scanty or absent feces with mucus. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chlorine ion concentration. Clinical (4/8) and chirurgical (2/4) recovery rate achieved 50%. The clinical and chirurgical methods remain as viable options for the treatment of light and severe impaction, but the prognosis is always reserved especially when associated to late pregnancy.

• Impaction vagal indigestion Compactação indigestão vagal

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Afonso J.A.B., Costa N.A., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil.] Compactação primária do abomaso em 14 bovinos no Estado de Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(5):387-394. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Despite the frequent use of dry and fibrous roughage for feeding cows in many regions, especially during the dry season, impaction of the abomasum has been poorly reported in Brazil, probably because the condition is misdiagnosed by practitioners. The present paper aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on primary abomasal impaction in 14 cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Eight moderate cases, without severe abdominal distention and with no rumen compaction, were treated conservatively, and four severe cases, with severe abdominal distention and rumen compaction, were treated surgically. One bull was slaughtered and one cow died without treatment. The greater number of abomasal impaction cases was in Holstein cows with six cases (42.9%), followed by crossbred cattle with five cases (35.8%), and the breeds Brown-Swiss, Nelore and Marchigiana, each with one case (21.3%). The food composition was characterized by low quality fibers and varied greatly among cases. Most frequent clinical signs were apathy, dehydration, hypomotility and ruminal bloat, intestinal hypomotility and scanty or absent feces with mucus. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia in most cases. Ruminal fluid analysis showed compromised flora and fauna dynamics and increased chlorine ion concentration. Clinical (4/8) and chirurgical (2/4) recovery rate achieved 50%. The clinical and chirurgical methods remain as viable options for the treatment of light and severe impaction, but the prognosis is always reserved especially when associated to late pregnancy.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Costa N.A., Riet-Correa F., Afonso J.A.B., Dantas A.F.M., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Spontaneous poisoning in cattle by mesquite beans, Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) in Pernambuco.] Intoxicação espontânea por vagens de Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):233-240. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Three outbreaks of poisoning by Prosopis juliflora pods are reported in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, in cattle grazing in fields invaded by the plant or ingesting mesquite beans as a concentrate food. In two farms the disease occurred sporadically. In another, 112 (9.28%) cattle out of 1206 were affected, 84 (6.96%) died due to emaciation, and 28 (2.32%) gained weight after the pods had been withdrawn from the feed. Main clinical signs were progressive weight loss, atrophy of the masseter muscles, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion, difficulties in prehending food, tilting the head during mastigation or rumination, salivation, impaired swallowing, and decreased tone of the tongue. The hematology reveals hypoproteinemia and anemia. Gross lesions were emaciation and reduction in size of the masseter muscles, which appear thinner than normal and grayish due muscular atrophy. Degeneration of neurons of the trigeminal motor nuclei, Wallerian degeneration of the trigeminal nerve roots, and muscular atrophy of the masseter muscles with substitution by fibrous tissue were observed on histologic examination. For the prevention of the poisoning is necessary to limit the amount of mesquite beans in animal nutrition. It is also necessary to develop research to determine the economic and sustainability of the use of Prosopis juliflora for animal food, human food or other uses such as charcoal, wood and fuel wood.

• Poisonous plants Prosopis juliflora Leguminosae Mimosoideae plant poisoning cattle cranial nerves impairment neuronal degeneration

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Câmara A.C.L., Costa N.A., Riet-Correa F., Afonso J.A.B., Dantas A.F.M., Mendonça C.L. & Souza M.I. 2009. [Spontaneous poisoning in cattle by mesquite beans, Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) in Pernambuco.] Intoxicação espontânea por vagens de Prosopis juliflora (Leg. Mimosoideae) em bovinos em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):233-240. Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor s/n, Cx. Postal 152, Mundaú, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: aclcamara@yahoo.com.br Three outbreaks of poisoning by Prosopis juliflora pods are reported in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, in cattle grazing in fields invaded by the plant or ingesting mesquite beans as a concentrate food. In two farms the disease occurred sporadically. In another, 112 (9.28%) cattle out of 1206 were affected, 84 (6.96%) died due to emaciation, and 28 (2.32%) gained weight after the pods had been withdrawn from the feed. Main clinical signs were progressive weight loss, atrophy of the masseter muscles, dropped jaw, tongue protrusion, difficulties in prehending food, tilting the head during mastigation or rumination, salivation, impaired swallowing, and decreased tone of the tongue. The hematology reveals hypoproteinemia and anemia. Gross lesions were emaciation and reduction in size of the masseter muscles, which appear thinner than normal and grayish due muscular atrophy. Degeneration of neurons of the trigeminal motor nuclei, Wallerian degeneration of the trigeminal nerve roots, and muscular atrophy of the masseter muscles with substitution by fibrous tissue were observed on histologic examination. For the prevention of the poisoning is necessary to limit the amount of mesquite beans in animal nutrition. It is also necessary to develop research to determine the economic and sustainability of the use of Prosopis juliflora for animal food, human food or other uses such as charcoal, wood and fuel wood.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Mendonça F.S., Dória R.G.S., Schein F.B., Freitas S.H., Nakazato L., Boabaid F.M., Paula D.A.J., Dutra V. & Colodel E.M. 2008. [Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle, Mato Grosso, Brazil.] Febre catarral maligna em bovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):155-160. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Bairro Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br Four outbreaks of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in cattle, which had contact with sheep, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. In all cases, the animals had a clinical course of 4 to 7 days with no recovery. Two outbreaks occurred in the municipality of Cuiabá, the first in January 2006 with 8 cattle affected from a herd of 148, and the second in one out of 30 cattle in September 2006. The third outbreak occurred in April 2007 in the municipality of Rondonópolis, where 3 cattle died in a herd of 160. The fourth outbreak was in the municipality of Caceres in September 2007, where 2 out of 450 cattle were affected. The clinical signs were hyperthermia, intense lacrimation, nasal and oral discharge, corneal opacity, sialorrhea, oral, nasal and genital mucosal erosions, incoordination, depression and death. Necropsy findings in 4 animals were similar and consisted of lymph node swelling, and nasal, oral and esophagus erosion and ulceration. Histologically, arteritis and fibrinoid degeneration was observed in small arteries and arterioles, associated with epithelial necrosis in various organs and tissues. A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) detected ovine herpes virus type 2 in frozen and paraffin embedded tissues in 3 cases.

• Bovine malignant catarrhal fever herpesvirus vasculitis

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Mendonça F.S., Dória R.G.S., Schein F.B., Freitas S.H., Nakazato L., Boabaid F.M., Paula D.A.J., Dutra V. & Colodel E.M. 2008. [Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle, Mato Grosso, Brazil.] Febre catarral maligna em bovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):155-160. Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa s/n, Bairro Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT 78068-900, Brazil. E-mail: moleta@ufmt.br Four outbreaks of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in cattle, which had contact with sheep, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described. In all cases, the animals had a clinical course of 4 to 7 days with no recovery. Two outbreaks occurred in the municipality of Cuiabá, the first in January 2006 with 8 cattle affected from a herd of 148, and the second in one out of 30 cattle in September 2006. The third outbreak occurred in April 2007 in the municipality of Rondonópolis, where 3 cattle died in a herd of 160. The fourth outbreak was in the municipality of Caceres in September 2007, where 2 out of 450 cattle were affected. The clinical signs were hyperthermia, intense lacrimation, nasal and oral discharge, corneal opacity, sialorrhea, oral, nasal and genital mucosal erosions, incoordination, depression and death. Necropsy findings in 4 animals were similar and consisted of lymph node swelling, and nasal, oral and esophagus erosion and ulceration. Histologically, arteritis and fibrinoid degeneration was observed in small arteries and arterioles, associated with epithelial necrosis in various organs and tissues. A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) detected ovine herpes virus type 2 in frozen and paraffin embedded tissues in 3 cases.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira A.C.S., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2007. [Ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco.] Características do fluído ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês criados extensivamente em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):110-114. Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: acynnara@gmail.com The objective of this study was to determine normal standards to ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco. Fifty samples were collected, using an esophageal tube, during winter (rainy season) and summer (dry season). The predominant colors were an olive green in the rainy season and a nut-brown in the dry season. The smell was aromatic, but was stronger in winter. A slight viscous consistence was found in most of the samples, with a greater proportion in winter. The sedimentation and flotation time was 6.73min (±1.63) in the rainy period and 3.15min (±0.72) in the dry period. In the biochemical tests, the average values found in winter and summer were, respectively: pH 6.76±0.21 and 6,59±0.14; methylene blue reduction, 3.20min (±0.76) and 7.76min (±3.00); chloride, 28.14±4,16mEq/L and 24.97±5.65mEq/L; acidity, 21.90±4.38UC and 13.68±2.97UC. Ruminal microbiotic analyses revealed abundant and moderate density of protozoa in winter and summer, respectively. The motility was very active and there were almost 90% of live protozoa in both seasons. Protozoa numbers were 425.373±217.258/mL in winter and 155.375±83.113/mL in summer. There was a mixed population of bacteria with prevalence of Gram-negative forms in both seasons.

• Ruminal fluid sheep bacteria protozoa

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Vieira A.C.S., Afonso J.A.B. & Mendonça C.L. 2007. [Ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco.] Características do fluído ruminal de ovinos Santa Inês criados extensivamente em Pernambuco. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(3):110-114. Clínica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Cx. Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: acynnara@gmail.com The objective of this study was to determine normal standards to ruminal fluid characteristics of Santa Inês sheep under pasture conditions in the State of Pernambuco. Fifty samples were collected, using an esophageal tube, during winter (rainy season) and summer (dry season). The predominant colors were an olive green in the rainy season and a nut-brown in the dry season. The smell was aromatic, but was stronger in winter. A slight viscous consistence was found in most of the samples, with a greater proportion in winter. The sedimentation and flotation time was 6.73min (±1.63) in the rainy period and 3.15min (±0.72) in the dry period. In the biochemical tests, the average values found in winter and summer were, respectively: pH 6.76±0.21 and 6,59±0.14; methylene blue reduction, 3.20min (±0.76) and 7.76min (±3.00); chloride, 28.14±4,16mEq/L and 24.97±5.65mEq/L; acidity, 21.90±4.38UC and 13.68±2.97UC. Ruminal microbiotic analyses revealed abundant and moderate density of protozoa in winter and summer, respectively. The motility was very active and there were almost 90% of live protozoa in both seasons. Protozoa numbers were 425.373±217.258/mL in winter and 155.375±83.113/mL in summer. There was a mixed population of bacteria with prevalence of Gram-negative forms in both seasons.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Mendonça C.L. & Simão, L.C.V. 2007. [Clinical aspects and characteristics of the milk in sheep with mastitis experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus.] Aspectos clínicos e características do leite em ovelhas com mastite induzida experimentalmente com Staphylococcus aureus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):6-12. Clinica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns, Cx.Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: carlaze@uol.com.br The objective was to study the clinical aspects and the physical-chemical characteristics of the milk in sheep with mastitis experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus. For such, were used 10 Santa Inês primiparity ewes, weighing 30 kg, clinically healthy and housed in a stall. After establishing the normality patterns for the studied variables, the animals were inoculated into one teat of the udder with an inoculum of 1.0x104ufc/ml of S. aureus, while the other gland served as control. The clinical observations were accomplished in intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 168, 180, 288 and 336 hours after the inoculation of the agent (PI). All the animals presented clinical systemic manifestations, and in the inoculated glands with more intensity from 24 hours on after the inoculation. There were significant alterations (P<0.05) in the production and physical-chemical composition of the milk in relation to the controls, with reduction of volume and fat. The pH, the chlorates and CCS reached very high indexes, accompanied by the CMT test reaction. The bacteriological exam revealed the presence of S. aureus during the phase of infection. After the treatment of the sheep 36 hours PI, one animal came to death 48h PI, and the others showed clinical recovery; however there was no physiologic re-establishment of the inoculated udders which lost their function.

• Mastitis in sheep Staphylococcus aureus milk somatic cell count

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Santos R.A., Afonso J.A.B., Mendonça C.L. & Simão, L.C.V. 2007. [Clinical aspects and characteristics of the milk in sheep with mastitis experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus.] Aspectos clínicos e características do leite em ovelhas com mastite induzida experimentalmente com Staphylococcus aureus. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):6-12. Clinica de Bovinos, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns, Cx.Postal 152, Garanhuns, PE 55292-901, Brazil. E-mail: carlaze@uol.com.br The objective was to study the clinical aspects and the physical-chemical characteristics of the milk in sheep with mastitis experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus. For such, were used 10 Santa Inês primiparity ewes, weighing 30 kg, clinically healthy and housed in a stall. After establishing the normality patterns for the studied variables, the animals were inoculated into one teat of the udder with an inoculum of 1.0x104ufc/ml of S. aureus, while the other gland served as control. The clinical observations were accomplished in intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 168, 180, 288 and 336 hours after the inoculation of the agent (PI). All the animals presented clinical systemic manifestations, and in the inoculated glands with more intensity from 24 hours on after the inoculation. There were significant alterations (P<0.05) in the production and physical-chemical composition of the milk in relation to the controls, with reduction of volume and fat. The pH, the chlorates and CCS reached very high indexes, accompanied by the CMT test reaction. The bacteriological exam revealed the presence of S. aureus during the phase of infection. After the treatment of the sheep 36 hours PI, one animal came to death 48h PI, and the others showed clinical recovery; however there was no physiologic re-establishment of the inoculated udders which lost their function.