PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lacerda Neto J.C., Freitas J.M.R., Poggiani F.M., Dias D.P.M., Gravena K., Bernardi N.S., Ribeiro G. & Palmeira-Borges V. 2013. Serial superficial digital flexor tendon biopsies for diagnosing and monitoring collagenase-induced tendonitis in horses. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):710-718. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jlacerda@fcav.unesp.br The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate the feasibility of a biopsy technique by performing serial evaluations of tissue samples of the forelimb superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in healthy horses and in horses subjected to superficial digital flexor tendonitis induction. Eight adult horses were evaluated in two different phases (P), control (P1) and tendonitis-induced (P2). At P1, the horses were subjected to five SDFT biopsies of the left forelimb, with 24 hours (h) of interval. Clinical and ultrasonographic (US) examinations were performed immediately before the tendonitis induction, 24 and 48 h after the procedure. The biopsied tendon tissues were analyzed through histology. P2 evaluations were carried out three months later, when the same horses were subjected to tendonitis induction by injection of bacterial collagenase into the right forelimb SDFT. P2 clinical and US evaluations, and SDFT biopsies were performed before, and after injury induction at the following time intervals: after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, and after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. The biopsy technique has proven to be easy and quick to perform and yielded good tendon samples for histological evaluation. At P1 the horses did not show signs of localised inflammation, pain or lameness, neither SDFT US alterations after biopsies, showing that the biopsy procedure per se did not risk tendon integrity. Therefore, this procedure is feasible for routine tendon histological evaluations. The P2 findings demonstrate a relation between the US and histology evaluations concerning induced tendonitis evolution. However, the clinical signs of tendonitis poorly reflected the microscopic tissue condition, indicating that clinical presentation is not a reliable parameter for monitoring injury development. The presented method of biopsying SDFT tissue in horses enables the serial collection of material for histological analysis causing no clinical signs and tendon damage seen by US images. Therefore, this technique allows tendonitis to be monitored and can be considered an excellent tool in protocols for evaluating SDFT injury.

• endonitis tendinite

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Lacerda Neto J.C., Freitas J.M.R., Poggiani F.M., Dias D.P.M., Gravena K., Bernardi N.S., Ribeiro G. & Palmeira-Borges V. 2013. Serial superficial digital flexor tendon biopsies for diagnosing and monitoring collagenase-induced tendonitis in horses. [Biópsias seriadas do tendão flexor digital superficial para o diagnóstico e monitoração da tendinite induzida por colagenase em equinos.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(6):710-718. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil. E-mail: jlacerda@fcav.unesp.br Objetivou-se demonstrar a viabilidade de uma técnica de biópsia na realização de avaliações sequenciais de amostras de tecido do tendão flexor digital superficial (TFDS) do membro torácico, em equinos hígidos e em equinos submetidos à indução de tendinite do TFDS. Oito equinos adultos foram avaliados em duas fases (F) diferentes, controle (F1) e apresentando tendinite induzida (F2). Na F1, os equinos foram submetidos a cinco biópsias do TFDS do membro torácico esquerdo, com 24 horas (h) de intervalo entre as mesmas. Avaliações clínicas e ultrassonográficas (US) foram realizadas imediatamente antes e, 24 e 48 h após cada procedimento. O tecido tendíneo coletado por biópsia foi analisado histologicamente. A F2 ocorreu três meses depois, quando os mesmos equinos foram submetidos à indução de tendinite do TFDS do membro torácico direito por injeção intratendínea de colagenase. Na P2, Avaliações clínicas e US foram realizadas antes da indução da tendinite e após a mesma nos seguintes momentos: 24, 48, 72 e 96 h depois e, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias depois. A técnica de biópsia se demonstrou ser de fácil e rápida realização, fornecendo fragmentos de tecido tendíneo adequados para a realização de histologia. Na F1, os equinos não demonstraram sinais de inflamação local, dor ou claudicação, bem como não apresentaram alterações na avaliação US do TFDS após as biópsias, demonstrando que o dano físico ao tendão provocado pela biópsia não compromete sua integridade. Assim, o procedimento pode ser utilizado rotineiramente para avaliações histológicas do tecido tendíneo. Na F2, observou-se uma relação entre os achados US e histológicos no que se refere à evolução da tendinite induzida. Entretanto, observou-se que os sinais clínicos da tendinite não acompanham a condição microscópica do tecido, o que indica que a apresentação clínica não pode ser utilizada como parâmetro para a monitoração da evolução da enfermidade. A técnica de biópsia apresentada para colheita de tecido do TFDS em equinos, permite a obtenção de tecido para avaliação histológica seriada sem provocar sinais clínicos e alterações ultrassonográficas que indiquem dano tecidual. Assim, a técnica permite a monitoração da tendinite e pode ser considerada uma excelente ferramenta na avaliação de injúrias do TFDS.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Maia L., Souza M.V., Alves G.E.S., Júnior J.I.R., Oliveira A.C., Silva Y.F.R.S. & Zandim B.M. 2009. [Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of induced tendinitis in equines: Ultrasonographic evaluation.] Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):241-245. Setor de Clínica e Cirurgia de Grandes Animais, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. E-mail: msouza@ufv.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of induced tendinitis in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses through ultrasonographic evaluation. Thus, six 8 to15-year-old healthy gelding horses (=12 years) were used. Tendinitis of the SDFT was provoked in both forelimbs via intratendineous administration of 2.5mg of collagenase (2.5mg.mL-1), what was considered as beginning of the experimental phase. Twelve days after induced tendinitis, the horses were submitted to two treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right SDFT (treated group, TG), 2.5mL of PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125mol.L-1, at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets.µL-1, were administered; (2) in the tendinitis of the left SDFT (control group, CG), 2.5mL of 0.9% saline solution was administered. After 5 days, the animals were submitted to controlled and progressive physical activity during 30 days. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out before and after tendinitis induction (48 hours after and on experimental days 7, 12, 14, 21 28, 35 and 42), with tendon cross-sectional area (CSA), lesion cross-sectional area (L-CSA), L-CSA percentage, severity and echogenicity of the lesion, as well as collagen fiber alignment being evaluated. The result revealed reduction (P<0.05) in the L-CSA and in the degree of lesion echogenicity in function of time, but with difference (P<0.05) between groups only for L-CSA, with smaller values in TG. The treatment with PRP promotes greater reduction in the area of the lesion measured by ultrasound.

• Horses tendon ultrasound growth factors healing

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Maia L., Souza M.V., Alves G.E.S., Júnior J.I.R., Oliveira A.C., Silva Y.F.R.S. & Zandim B.M. 2009. [Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of induced tendinitis in equines: Ultrasonographic evaluation.] Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de tendinite induzida em eqüinos: avaliação ultra-sonográfica. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 29(3):241-245. Setor de Clínica e Cirurgia de Grandes Animais, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil. E-mail: msouza@ufv.br The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of induced tendinitis in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses through ultrasonographic evaluation. Thus, six 8 to15-year-old healthy gelding horses (=12 years) were used. Tendinitis of the SDFT was provoked in both forelimbs via intratendineous administration of 2.5mg of collagenase (2.5mg.mL-1), what was considered as beginning of the experimental phase. Twelve days after induced tendinitis, the horses were submitted to two treatments: (1) in the lesion caused in the right SDFT (treated group, TG), 2.5mL of PRP activated with calcium chloride at 0.0125mol.L-1, at concentrations from 320,000 to 500,000 platelets.µL-1, were administered; (2) in the tendinitis of the left SDFT (control group, CG), 2.5mL of 0.9% saline solution was administered. After 5 days, the animals were submitted to controlled and progressive physical activity during 30 days. Ultrasonographic examinations were carried out before and after tendinitis induction (48 hours after and on experimental days 7, 12, 14, 21 28, 35 and 42), with tendon cross-sectional area (CSA), lesion cross-sectional area (L-CSA), L-CSA percentage, severity and echogenicity of the lesion, as well as collagen fiber alignment being evaluated. The result revealed reduction (P<0.05) in the L-CSA and in the degree of lesion echogenicity in function of time, but with difference (P<0.05) between groups only for L-CSA, with smaller values in TG. The treatment with PRP promotes greater reduction in the area of the lesion measured by ultrasound.