Resultado da pesquisa (32)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa NAG
#31 - Evaluation of an inactivated vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis of goats kept under extensive management
Abstract in English:
The experiment was carried out during a 2-year period (Oct. 1981 to Oct. 1983), using 163 goats of both sexes with 6 to 12 months of age, The objective was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis, in northeastem Bahia. The vaccine was developed, utilizing the local strain 1002 Curaçá of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from na abscess of a goat. For the preparation, tryptose broth, enriched with yeast extract and lactalbumin, was used. Inactivation was effected with 0.5% formaldehyde, and aluminum gel phosphate was used as an adjuvant. The cell volume varied from 0.65 to 0.7%. The experiment consisted of the following treatments: A1 - animals vaccinated every 6 months; A2-animals vaccinated once a year; and A3 - animals not vaccinated. The goats were vaccinated by subcutaneous inoculation of 3 ml vaccine into each axillar region, and post-mortem examination was made at the end of the experiment. The results showed that 72.1% of the control animals (A3) had moderate to severe lesions in different lymphnodes, and in some cases in the internai organs. Of the vaccinated animals, only 25.9% and 18.9%, at 6 and 12 months interval respectively, showed discrete lesions which were restricted to no more than three lymphnodes per animal. There was a signif cant difference (P<0,05) between the vaccinated and the non-vaccinated animals, but no difference between treatment A1 and A2. It can be estimated that the vaccination gave a protection of 77% against the disease.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Foram utilizados 163 caprinos de ambos os sexos, de 6 a 12 meses de idade, com o objetivo de avaliar a imunogenicidade de uma vacina contra a linfadenite caseosa, no Nordeste do Estado da Bahia. A vacina foi elaborada com a cepa 1002 Curaçá de C. pseudotuberculosis, isolada de abscesso de caprino, cultivada em caldo tryptose, enriquecida com extrato de levedura mais lactalbumina e inativada com formaldeído a 0,5% durante 7 dias, utilizando-se como adjuvante o gel fosfato de alumínio. O volume celular variou de 0,65 a 0,70%. O experimento constituiu-se dos seguintes tratamentos: A1 - animais vacinados semestralmente; A2 - vacinados anualmente; A3 - animais não vacinados. Os animais vacinados foram inoculados via subcutânea com 3 ml da vacina em cada região axilar e, ao final do experimento, foram necropsiados. Os resultados mostraram que 72,1 % dos caprinos do grupo testemunha A3 se infectaram naturalmente e apresentaram lesão moderada a severa em vários linfonodos e, em alguns casos, nos órgãos internos. Dos vaciandos, apenas 25,9 e 18,9%, respectivamente, para os revacinados com 6 e 12 meses de intervalo, apresentaram lesões discretas que se restringiram a não mais de três linfonodos por animal. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os animais vacinados e não vacinados mas não houve diferença entre os tratamentos A1 e A2. Pode-se estimar que a vacina proporcionou 77% de proteção contra a doença.
#32 - Experimental poisoning of cattle by Crotalaria anagyroides (Leg. Papilionoideae)
Abstract in English:
Symptoms of toxicity were observed in calves fed fresh aerial parts of the plant Crotalaria anagyroides collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Plant material was given during periods ranging from 1 to 12 days, the amount consumed by each animal varying from day to day. The plant was not well eaten and the original plan of giving it as the only food could not be adhered to. ln most experiments plant material was mixed with small amounts of chopped giass, concentrate ration and molasses; at times it was necessary to place the plant in the mouth of the animals. The amounts eaten varied from 6700 g (55.8 g/kg) eaten by one animal on one day, to 55400 g (294.8 g/kg) eaten by another animal over 12 days. Two animals received only the leaves and thin stems, two others only the flowers and green and ripe pods, and the last two, all aerial parts (leaves, thin stems, flowers and green and ripe pods). All calves suffered the toxic effects of the plant. Five of the six calves had clinical symptoms of poisoning, while the sixth showed only histopathologic lesions. Symptoms of poisoning were first seen between 38 days and 9 months and 8 days after the first day of ingestion of the plant, until which time the animals were apparently healthy and in good nutritional state. Symptoms consisted mainly of a lack of appetite and weight loss, over weaks or months (3/5) and/or nervous symptoms as excitation (2/5) or depression (1/5) which lasted for days. Two animals also had abdominal contractions of short duration. Two animals died, 11 days and 35 days after the onset of symptoms, one was euthanazied in extremis, after 9 days of disease, and another was euthanazied in bad nutritional state, after 4 months of disease. Only one animal recovered clinically, having shown symptoms for six months and then regaining weight. It was euthanazied together with the sixth bovine which had never shown symptoms of poisoning. The most important post-mortem finding was cirrhosis: the liver was hard, pale and had a lobular, granular or nodular aspect. The most important histopathological changes were the presence of collagen, proliferation of fibroblasts and of the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, megalocytosis and the presence of nodules of regeneration in the liver; in two animals spongy degeneration in the central nervous system. Attention is drawn to the fact that no case histories have been obtained or observations made that incriminate Crotalaria anagyroides as the cause of spontaneous disease in cattle, and it is believed that this would hardly happen because of the bad palatability of the plant.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Em experimentos em que as partes aéreas de Crotalaria anagyroides frescas, recém-colhidas na área do Km 47, Seropédica, município de Itaguaí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram administradas por via oral a seis bovinos jovens desmamados, a planta demonstrou ser tóxica para essa espécie animal. As folhas e talos finos, as inflorescências e vagens ou todas as partes juntas foram dadas aos animais em quantidades que variaram de 6700 g (55,8 g/kg) em um dia até 55400 g (294,8 g/kg) em 12 dias. Todas as partes da planta se revelaram tóxicas. Cinco dos seis bezerros mostraram sintomas de intoxicação; o sexto mostrou a ação tóxica da planta somente através de lesões histopatológicas. Os sintomas apareceram de 38 dias a 9 meses e 8 dias após a ingestão da planta, mantendo-se os animais até então aparentemente sadios e em bom estado de nutrição; consistiram principalmente em anorexia e emagrecimento durante semanas a meses (3/5) e/ou sintomas nervosos sob forma de excitação (2/5) ou depressão (1/5) durante período mais curto (dias). Dois animais tiveram também contrações abdominais. Dois animais morreram após 11 e 35 dias de doentes, um foi sacrificado in extremis após 9 dias doente, e outro foi sacrificado em estado de nutrição precário após 4 meses doente. Só um animal se recuperou clinicamente e engordou, após 6 meses de sintomatologia; esse bovino foi sacrificado junto com o que nunca tinha mostrado sintomas de intoxicação. O achado de necropsia mais importante foi cirrose hepática: o fígado era mais duro, tinha coloração alaranjada clara e aspecto lobular, granular ou até nodular. Os achados histopatológicos mais importantes foram presença de tecido colágeno, proliferação de fibroblastos e das células epiteliais das vias biliares, megalocitose e a presença de nódulos de regeneração no fígado; em dois animais foi constatada degeneração esponjosa no sistema nervoso central. Uma vez que não foram obtidos históricos nem feitas observações que Crotalaria anagyroides tenha sido a causa de doença espontânea em bovinos, é externada a opinião que em virtude da má palatabilidade, que durante os experimentos a planta demonstrou possuir, isto dificilmente poderá acontecer.
