PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Birgel D.B., Muller A.F., Fantinato-Neto P., Benesi F.J. & Birgel Junior E.H. 2014. [Evaluation of the erythrocyte pattern and the repercussions of anemic status in white blood cells of goats with gastrointestinal helminthiasis.] Avaliação do quadro eritrocitário e da repercussão do estado anêmico no leucograma de caprinos com verminose gastrintestinal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(3):199-204. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Campus da USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: dabirgel@gmail.com In order to characterize the anemia and its impact over the white blood cell count (WBC) due to gastrointestinal parasitism, cells blood count (CBC) of 96 adult Saanen goats were performed. Fifty-seven of these goats were anemic. The disease diagnosis was based on the characteristic signals of gastrointestinal parasitism (whitened conjunctival mucous, submandibular edema, loss of weight and bristling hair coat), confirmed by the presence of Trichostrongyloidea eggs in the stool test. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein using an EDTA siliconized tubes with vacuum. Erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, blood indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC), total leukocyte counts, and differential leukocyte count were performed. The goats were divided into four groups based on the magnitude of packed cell volume decrease: (1) goats without anemia, (2) mild anemia, (3) moderate anemia, and (4) severe anemia. Normocytic and normochromic anemia were observed in animals with mild to moderate anemia, while in animals with severe anemia (decreased more than half of normal values of He, Ht, Hb) hypochromic and normocytic anemia was observed. The total number of leukocytes did not change, while the anemic state due to gastrointestinal parasitism determined neutrophilia without a left shift, monocytosis and lymphopenia absolute. It was observed a change of the pattern leukocyte count, which becoming mostly neutrophilic. This reversal was more pronounced as the anemic process became more intense.

• Gastrointestinal helminthiasis anemia helminthiasis Helmintose gastrintestinal anemia

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Birgel D.B., Muller A.F., Fantinato-Neto P., Benesi F.J. & Birgel Junior E.H. 2014. [Evaluation of the erythrocyte pattern and the repercussions of anemic status in white blood cells of goats with gastrointestinal helminthiasis.] Avaliação do quadro eritrocitário e da repercussão do estado anêmico no leucograma de caprinos com verminose gastrintestinal. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(3):199-204. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Campus da USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil. E-mail: dabirgel@gmail.com RESUMO.- Com o intuito de caracterizar a anemia decorrente da verminose gastrintestinal e avaliar as alterações no leucograma, foram realizadas hemogramas de 96 caprinos da raça Saanen adultos, sendo que 57 destes estavam anêmicos. O diagnóstico da enfermidade foi realizado pelos sintomas característicos da doença como mucosas conjuntival esbranquiçadas, edema submandibular, emagrecimento e pelame arrepiado, confirmados por exame de fezes no qual se detectou a presença de ovos da superfamília Trichostrongyloidea. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas por punção da veia jugular, utilizando-se o EDTA como anticoagulante. Realizaram-se as seguintes provas: contagem do numero de hemácias, determinação do volume globular, dosagem de hemoglobina, cálculo dos índices hematimétricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM), contagem do número total de leucócitos e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos, efetuada em esfregaços sanguíneos, corados pelo método de Rosenfeld. Os animais foram divididos em grupos, baseado na magnitude da diminuição do volume globular, (1) animais sem anemia, (2) anemia de grau leve, (3) anemia moderada e (4) anemia intensa. Nos processos anêmicos leves ou moderados a anemia era do tipo normocítico e normocrômico, enquanto nos animais com anemia intensa (diminuição maior que metade dos valores normais de He, Ht, Hb) observou-se anemia do tipo normocítico e hipocrômico. O estado anêmico decorrente da verminose gastrintestinal determinou normoleucocitemia, neutrofilia sem desvio a esquerda, monocitose e linfopenia absoluta. Observou-se inversão do padrão leucocitário, que passou de linfocitário para neutrofílico. Essa inversão acentuou-se à medida que a gravidade da anemia verminótica tornava-se mais intensa.

Abstract in English:

RESUMO.- Gava A., Simone de Deus M.R., Branco J.V., Mondadori A.J. & Marth A. 2010. [Natural and experimental poisoning by Brachiaria radicans (tanner grass) in cattle.] Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Brachiaria radicans (tanner-grass) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):255-259. Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade de Desenvolvimento de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2009, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br Brachiaria radicans (tanner-grass,) cresce bem em solos úmidos. Em Santa Catarina é encontrada principalmente nas regiões dos vales dos rios Tubarão e Itajaí. Quando ingerida em grandes quantidades pelos bovinos induz anemia hemolítica, hemoglobinúria, diarreia e pode evoluir para a morte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os dados epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos causados por B. radicans em bovinos. A planta foi administrada a 12 bovinos em doses de 50-100% da dieta. Os animais que receberam uma dieta que consistia de 100% da planta, originária de solos turfosos, mostraram hemoglobinúria, diarreia, mucosas vermelho-escuras e recuperação após suspensão da ingestão da planta. Exames de sangue e urina revelaram anemia, hemoglobinúria e proteinúria. A histopatologia de material coletado de bovinos que morreram pela doença espontânea, revelou necrose hepática coagulativa e paracentral e nefrose hemoglobinúrica. B. radicans mostrou ser tóxica para bovinos somente quando cresce em solos férteis e se consistir de 100% da dieta.

• Poisonous plants Brachiaria radicans Gramineae plant poisoning hemolytic anemia

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Gava A., Simone de Deus M.R., Branco J.V., Mondadori A.J. & Marth A. 2010. [Natural and experimental poisoning by Brachiaria radicans (tanner grass) in cattle.] Intoxicação espontânea e experimental por Brachiaria radicans (tanner-grass) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30(3):255-259. Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade de Desenvolvimento de Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2009, Lages, SC 88520-000, Brazil. E-mail: a2ag@cav.udesc.br Brachiaria radicans is a grass that grows well on humid soils. In Santa Catarina, it is found mainly in the valleys of the Tubarão and Itajaí rivers. When eaten by cattle in large amounts induces hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, diarrhea and even death. The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiologic, clinical and pathological data of the intoxication caused by B. radicans in cattle. The plant was administered to 12 cattle in doses of 50-100% of the diet. The animals that received 100% of B. radicans, grown on peaty soils, showed hemoglobinuria, diarrhea and dark red mucous membranes; they recovered when ingestion of the grass was discontinued. Blood and urine tests revealed anemia, hemoglobinuria and proteinuria. Histopathology of organs collected from cattle that died from spontaneous poisoning revealed hepatic centrolobular and paracentralr coagulative necrosis and hemoglobinuric nephrosis. B. radicans proved toxic for cattle only when it grows on fertile soils and is ingested as 100% of the diet.

Abstract in English:

Simionatto S., Lima-Rosa C.A.V., Rubin L.L. & Canal C.W. 2005. [A nested-PCR protocol for detection of the chicken anemia virus.] Um protocolo de “nested-PCR” para detecção do virus da anemia das galinhas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):106-110. Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br This paper reports a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) protocol for detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV), the causal agent of infectious chicken anemia. For DNA extraction from clinical samples, a method based on guanidine thiocyanate was found more sensitive and practical than other extraction protocols tested. The pair of primers used in the initial PCR targeted a 664 bp fragment on the VP1 gene. The primers for the internal PCR targeted a fragment of 520 bp. The specificity of the primers was evaluated on samples of CAV controlled flocks. Thirty different viruses and bacteria isolated from chickens did not give rise to any amplification product in the assay. The sensitivity of the nested-PCR was determined on serial dilutions of a CAV vaccine. The nested-PCR was more sensitive than a one step PCR and was able to detect at least 0.16 TCID50 of the vaccine strain. In addition, the protocol employed here detected viral DNA from tissues, sera and litter from flocks with or without clinical signs of disease. It is concluded that the nested-PCR protocol described here is more sensitive, faster and less cumbersome than virus isolation in cell culture as a diagnostic technique for detection of CAV.

• Chicken anemia virus CAV molecular diagnosis nested-PCR.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Simionatto S., Lima-Rosa C.A.V., Rubin L.L. & Canal C.W. 2005. [A nested-PCR protocol for detection of the chicken anemia virus.] Um protocolo de “nested-PCR” para detecção do virus da anemia das galinhas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):106-110. Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br This paper reports a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) protocol for detection of chicken anemia virus (CAV), the causal agent of infectious chicken anemia. For DNA extraction from clinical samples, a method based on guanidine thiocyanate was found more sensitive and practical than other extraction protocols tested. The pair of primers used in the initial PCR targeted a 664 bp fragment on the VP1 gene. The primers for the internal PCR targeted a fragment of 520 bp. The specificity of the primers was evaluated on samples of CAV controlled flocks. Thirty different viruses and bacteria isolated from chickens did not give rise to any amplification product in the assay. The sensitivity of the nested-PCR was determined on serial dilutions of a CAV vaccine. The nested-PCR was more sensitive than a one step PCR and was able to detect at least 0.16 TCID50 of the vaccine strain. In addition, the protocol employed here detected viral DNA from tissues, sera and litter from flocks with or without clinical signs of disease. It is concluded that the nested-PCR protocol described here is more sensitive, faster and less cumbersome than virus isolation in cell culture as a diagnostic technique for detection of CAV.

Abstract in English:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

• Antibodies avian pathology chicken anemia virus CAV epidemiology prevalence.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Canal C.W., Ferreira D.J., Macagnan M., Fallavena L.C.B., Moraes H.L.S. & Wald V.B. 2004. Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(2):89-92. Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil. E-mail: claudio.canal@ufrgs.br Chicks infected during the first two weeks of life with chicken anaemia virus (CAV) manifest clinical disease that can be avoided if the breeder hens transfer enough antibodies to their progeny. The objective of the present work was to establish the prevalence and titer of anti-CAV antibodies in some Brazilian broiler hen breeder flocks and verify in which phase of life the birds were infected. A total of 1,709 serum samples from 12 broiler hen flocks vaccinated against CAV and 64 unvaccinated flocks were analyzed for CAV antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All non-vaccinated breeder flocks were found to be infected with CAV, with 89% of the hens tested presenting antibodies, 52% of these with titers considered high enough to protect their progeny against CAV infection. Likewise, all vaccinated hens had antibody titer to CAV capable of conferring protection to their progeny. Thus, vaccination of hens seems capable of conferring protection to chicks against clinically apparent CAV-associated disease.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Fighera R.A., Souza T.M., Langohr I. & Barros C.S.L. 2002. [Experimental onion Allium cepa (Liliaceae) poisoning in cats.] Intoxicação experimental por cebola, Allium cepa (Liliaceae), em gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):79-84. Depto Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Email: anemiaveterinaria@bol.com.br Onion poisoning is reported worlwide in several animal species. The toxic principie (npropyl dissulfide) present in onions causes the transformation of hemoglobin in methemoglobin. In order to study the laboratory, gross and histopathological tindings in onion poisoning in cats, tive 4-month-old cats were fed a single dose of 10g/kg of dried-onion each. Another cat of the sarne age did not receive the onion meal and served as control. AII tive cats developed clinical signs of the toxicosis; one of them died within 24 hours of the ingestion of the onion meal. Clinical signs included apathy, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Laboratory tindings included hemolytic anemia associated with Heinz bodies and methemoglobinemia. Main necropsy tindings were splenomegaly and brown discoloration of blood. Histopathological tindings included splenic and hepatic hemosiderosis and multifocal extramedullary hematopoiesis.

• Poisonous plants Allium cepa onion hemolytic anemia methemoglobinemia Heinz bodies diseases of cats pathology Intoxicação por plantas cebola anemia hemolítica metemoglobinemia corpúsculos de Heinz doenças de gatos patologia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Fighera R.A., Souza T.M., Langohr I. & Barros C.S.L. 2002. [Experimental onion Allium cepa (Liliaceae) poisoning in cats.] Intoxicação experimental por cebola, Allium cepa (Liliaceae), em gatos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(2):79-84. Depto Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Email: anemiaveterinaria@bol.com.br A intoxicação por cebola é relatada em várias espécies animais em muitas partes do mundo. O princípio tóxico (n propil dissulfito) presente na cebola causa a transformação da hemoglobina em metemoglobina. Para estudar os achados laboratoriais, de necropsia e histopatológicos da intoxicação por cebola em gatos, cinco gatos de quatro meses de idade receberam cada um uma dose única de 10g/kg de cebola desidratada por via oral. Um outro gato de mesma idade não recebeu a refeição com cebola e serviu como controle. Todos os cinco gatos desenvolveram sinais clínicos da toxicose; um deles morreu dentro de 24 horas após a ingestão da cebola. Os sinais clínicos incluíram apatia, taquicardia, taquipnéia e cianose. Os achados laboratoriais se caracterizavam por anemia hemolítica associada a corpúsculos de Heinz e metemoglobinemia. Os principais achados de necropsia foram esplenomegalia e sangue de cor marrom. Os achados histopatológicos foram hemossiderose e hematopoese extramedular no baço e fígado.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- .- Barbosa Neto J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Peixoto P.V., Barbosa I.B.P., Ávila S.C. & Tokamia C.H. 2001. [Hemolytic anemia caused by Indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) in cattle] Anemia hemolítica causada por Indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilíonoideae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(1):18-22. Central de Diagnóstico Veterirnírio, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará 68740-080, Brazil. The aereal parts of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (family Leg. Papilionoideae) were force-fed fresh to 6 bovines in daily doses of 10 to 40 g/kg. Cattle breeclers of various parts of the Northeast of Brazil accuse this plant as the cause of a non-fatal disease characterized by hemoglobinuria. The disease occurs only in years when the plant proliferates well invading the native pastures. All experimental animals had hemoglobinuria, which was transitory, inspite continuation of the administration of the plant. Two animals had no further manifestations, a third animal showed only slight other manifestations, anel the other three had additional symptoms of moderate intensity. These were apathy, whitish visible mucous membranes, rough hair coat, anorexia, descrease in frequency anel intensity of the ruminal movements, tachycardia, positive venous pulse anel dispnoea. Before the ocrnrrence of the hemolytic crisis the urine had a bluish-green colom: None of the experimental animals diecl, but one was euthanized whilst showing hemoglobinuria. Post-mortem finclings were anemia, the bladder containing wine-red urine, swollen dark-brown kidneys, liver on the outsicle anel on the cutsurface bluish anel with perceptible lobular design. The main histological changes were found in liver anel kiclney. ln the liver there was coagulative necrosis and cloudy swelling and/or cytoplasmatic microvacuolization of the hepatocytes; in the kidney there was severe nephrosis, associatecl with large amounts of filtrate ancl/or hemoglobine in the Bowman spaces, in the tu bules anel also in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Indigofera suffruticosa cattle pathology hemolytic anemia Plantas tóxicas. intoxicação por planta. bovino patologia anemia hemolítica

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Barbosa Neto J.D., Oliveira C.M.C., Peixoto P.V., Barbosa I.B.P., Ávila S.C. & Tokamia C.H. 2001. [Hemolytic anemia caused by Indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilionoideae) in cattle] Anemia hemolítica causada por Indigofera suffruticosa (Leg. Papilíonoideae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21(1):18-22. Central de Diagnóstico Veterirnírio, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará 68740-080, Brazil. As partes aéreas ele lndigofera suffruticosa Mill. (família Leg. Papilionoicleae), planta incriminada pelos criadores ele diversas áreas do Nordeste por doença caracterizada por hemoglobinúria em bovinos, foram administradas por via oral a seis bovinos, em doses diárias repetidas ele 10 a 40 g/kg, Todos os animais experimentais apresentaram hemoglobinúria, porém passageira; apesar continuidade da administração da planta. Dois desses bovinos não apresentaram manifestações adicionais, um terceiro animal evidenciou manifestações leves, e os três outros, sintomas adicionais de intensidade moderada: apatia, mucosas visíveis ele coloração esbranquiçada, pêlos arrepiados, anorexia, diminuição da frequência e intensidade dos movimentos ruminais, taquicardia, pulso venoso positivo e dispnéia. Antes da crise hemolítica a urina apresentava coloração verde azulada. Nenhum animal experimental morreu, porém um foi sacrificado durante a fase hemoglobinúrica. À necropsia observaram-se anemia, bexiga contendo urina cor ele vinho tinto, rins aumentados ele volume com coloração marrom-escura, fígado, na superfície e ao corte, de coloração azulada com lobulação perceptível. As principais alterações histológicas foram verificadas no fígado, sob forma de necrose coagulativa e tumefação e/ou microvacuolização citoplasmática dos hepatócitos, e no rim representadas por acentuada nefrose, associada a grande quantidade de filtrado e/ou hemoglobina nos espaços de Bowman dentro de túbulos e do citoplasma das células epiteliais.

Abstract in English:

Ditaxis desertorum Pax et K. Hoffm., a herbaceous plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, caused hemoglobinuria due to its hemolytic properties, when force-fed fresh to bovines in daily doses of 1.0 to 2.5 g/kg; the hemoglobinuria appeared from the 4th to 8th day of the experiment. After a period of 3 to 5 days of severe hemoglobinuria and anemia, these symptoms disappeared in three of the four animals, although they continued to receive the plant. There was a rapid return to normal blood composition after cessation of the hemoglobinuria. The fourth bovine, which received 2.5 g/kg/day, over 5 days, had severe hemoglobinuria and anemia during the last 4 days of life and died on the 8th day. Post-mortem and histopathological examinations revealed hemoglobinuric nephrosis and liver distrophy with centrolobular necrosis of the parenchyma. A single dose of 7.7 g/kg or doses of 2.5 and 3 g/kg/day given during 2 days, caused colics and death within a few hours in the three other bovines; post-mortem examinations revealed congestion and oedema of the wall of rumen and reticulum. Case histories indicate that under natural conditions of ingestion only the hemolytic anemia occurs. Although palatable, the ingestion of D. desertorum in sufficient amounts to cause colics and lesions of the forestomachs is probably limited by its caustic properties.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Ditaxis desertorum Euphorbiaceae cattle pathology hemolytic anemia

Abstract in Portuguese:

Ditaxis desertorum Pax et K. Hoffm., planta herbácea da família Euphorbiaceae, causou experimentalmente em bovinos um quadro caracterizado por hemoglobinúria em virtude de sua ação hemolítica, quando administrada por via oral em doses diárias de 1,0 a 2,5 g/kg (planta fresca), a partir do 4° ao 8° dia do experimento. Após um período de 3 a 5 dias em que os animais tiveram hemoglobinúria e anemia acentuadas, apesar de continuarem a receber a planta (durante um total de 12 a 14 dias), em três dos quatro animais esses sintomas desapareceram. Verificou-se nesses casos uma rápida recuperação dos valores hemáticos logo que cessou a hemoglobinúria. O quarto bovino, que recebeu 2,5 g/kg/dia durante 5 dias, morreu no 8° dia, tendo apresentado durante os últimos 4 dias de vida hemoglobinúria e anemia acentuadas. À necropsia e nos exames histopatológicos deste animal foram verificadas nefrose hemoglobinúrica e distrofia hepática com necrose centrolobular do parênquima. Dose de 7,7 g/kg única ou quantidades de 2,5 e 3 g/kg/dia administradas durante 2 dias seguidos, causaram em três outros bovinos quadro clínico de cólica, com morte em questão de horas, verificando-se à necropsia acentuado edema da parede do rúmen e do retículo. Pelos históricos obtidos somente ocorre, sob condições naturais, a intoxicação caracterizada pelo quadro da anemia hemolítica, indicando que possivelmente a ingestão de D. desertorum em quantidades necessárias para causar o quadro com lesões dos proventrículos ser, apesar de sua boa palatabilidade. autolimitada pelo efeito cáustico da planta.

• Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta Ditaxis desertorum Euphorbiaceae bovinos patologia anemia hemolítica