PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

Riet-Correa G., Terra F.F., Schild A.L., Riet-Correa F. & Barros S.S. 2005. [Experimental poisoning by Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):91-96. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Campus de Castanhal, UFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: griet@ufpa.br Cardiac fibrosis was observed in a calf showing dullness, weakening and respiratory insufficiency in a farm in the state of São Paulo, where cardiac insufficiency, abortion and nervous signs in cattle were associated with the ingestion of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa. The objectives of this paper were to determine the susceptibility of sheep to the intoxication by T. multiglandulosa, to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of the intoxication, and to evaluate the possibility of using sheep as an experimental species for toxicological studies with this plant. In a previous experiment to determine the toxicity of T. multiglandulosa to be used in sheep, the green plant was given to a steer at the dose of 22g per kg body weight (g/kg/bw), daily, during 9 days. After 9 days the steer showed nervous signs, and on the 12thday was euthanatized. No gross lesions were observed at necropsy. Status spongiosus was observed on the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Six male sheep were divided in three groups of two sheep each. Group 1 (Sheep 1 and 2) received daily doses of 6 g/kg/bw of the dry plant, during 30 days; Group 2 (Sheep 3 and 4) received daily doses of 3 g/kg/bw, during 60 days; and Group 3 was the control group. Sheep 1 was euthanatized 30 days after the start of the ingestion. Only cardiac arrhythmia was observed clinically, and no lesions were observed at necropsy. Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had also cardiac arrhythmia from day 9, 12 and 18, respectively. From day 52 they started to show depression, reluctance to move and incoordination. Clinical signs got gradually worst and the sheep were euthanatized on days 60, 70 and 80, when clinical signs were marked, and the animals will die at any moment. Hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, nutmeg appearance of the liver and hard whitish myocardium, mainly in the interventricular septum and left ventricle, were observed at necropsy. Histologically, the heart of Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had areas of fibrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration. No lesions were found in the heart of Sheep 1. The 4 treated sheep had status spongiosus in different areas of the cerebrum and brain stem, mainly of the deep layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Status spongiosus were also observed in the cerebellar white matter and cervical medulla. In the later the vacuolization was moderate in the white matter and mild in the grey matter. Status spongiosus were mild in Sheep 1 and moderate to severe in Sheep 2, 3 and 4. On electron microscopy it was observed that the status spongiosus is due to an intramyelinic edema. No gross or histologic lesions were observed on the two control sheep, which were euthanized on day 80 after the start of the experiment.

• etrapterys multiglandulosa Malpighiaceae cardiac fibrosis status spongiosus nervous system sheep.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Riet-Correa G., Terra F.F., Schild A.L., Riet-Correa F. & Barros S.S. 2005. [Experimental poisoning by Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) in sheep.] Intoxicação experimental por Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Malpighiaceae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(2):91-96. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Campus de Castanhal, UFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740-080, Brazil. E-mail: griet@ufpa.br Cardiac fibrosis was observed in a calf showing dullness, weakening and respiratory insufficiency in a farm in the state of São Paulo, where cardiac insufficiency, abortion and nervous signs in cattle were associated with the ingestion of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa. The objectives of this paper were to determine the susceptibility of sheep to the intoxication by T. multiglandulosa, to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of the intoxication, and to evaluate the possibility of using sheep as an experimental species for toxicological studies with this plant. In a previous experiment to determine the toxicity of T. multiglandulosa to be used in sheep, the green plant was given to a steer at the dose of 22g per kg body weight (g/kg/bw), daily, during 9 days. After 9 days the steer showed nervous signs, and on the 12thday was euthanatized. No gross lesions were observed at necropsy. Status spongiosus was observed on the deeper layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Six male sheep were divided in three groups of two sheep each. Group 1 (Sheep 1 and 2) received daily doses of 6 g/kg/bw of the dry plant, during 30 days; Group 2 (Sheep 3 and 4) received daily doses of 3 g/kg/bw, during 60 days; and Group 3 was the control group. Sheep 1 was euthanatized 30 days after the start of the ingestion. Only cardiac arrhythmia was observed clinically, and no lesions were observed at necropsy. Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had also cardiac arrhythmia from day 9, 12 and 18, respectively. From day 52 they started to show depression, reluctance to move and incoordination. Clinical signs got gradually worst and the sheep were euthanatized on days 60, 70 and 80, when clinical signs were marked, and the animals will die at any moment. Hydrothorax, hydropericardium, ascites, nutmeg appearance of the liver and hard whitish myocardium, mainly in the interventricular septum and left ventricle, were observed at necropsy. Histologically, the heart of Sheep 2, 3 and 4 had areas of fibrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration. No lesions were found in the heart of Sheep 1. The 4 treated sheep had status spongiosus in different areas of the cerebrum and brain stem, mainly of the deep layers of the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. Status spongiosus were also observed in the cerebellar white matter and cervical medulla. In the later the vacuolization was moderate in the white matter and mild in the grey matter. Status spongiosus were mild in Sheep 1 and moderate to severe in Sheep 2, 3 and 4. On electron microscopy it was observed that the status spongiosus is due to an intramyelinic edema. No gross or histologic lesions were observed on the two control sheep, which were euthanized on day 80 after the start of the experiment.

Abstract in English:

García y Santos M.C., Schild A.L., Barros S.S., Riet-Correa F., Elias F. & Ramos A.T. 2004. [Perinatal lesions in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ateleia glazioviana (Leg. Papilionoideae).] Lesões perinatais em bovinos na intoxicação experimental por Ateleia glazio-viana (Leg.Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):178-184. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx.Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Leaves of Ateleia glaziovian Baill., dried in a 100o C oven for 16-20 hours, were given to seven crossbred cows, always as bolus. Two of them received 9 g/kg at 4 months of pregnancy. Three cows in the 8th month of pregnancy received daily doses of 1-2 g/kg of the leaves, until a total amount of 10, 21 and 28 g/kg/bw was reached. Two 8-month-pregnant cows were fed 15.5 and 18 g/kg of the dried leaves. Two 4-month-pregnant cows were fed 35 g/kg of green leaves of A. glazioviana. The cow treated with 21 g/kg of the dry plant material showed clinical signs of poisoning and delivered a stillborn calf. No clinical signs were observed in the other cows. The calves from cows that received 9, 15.5 and 28 g/kg of the dried leaves showed weakness and suckling difficulties, and were killed. Whitish areas and thickening of the right ventricle wall of the heart were observed in the stillborn calf. Thickening of the wall of the right ventricle was also observed in the calf delivered by the cow treated with 28g/kg of dry plant. The other calves had no gross lesions. The histological changes in all necropsied calves were characterized by tumefaction and vacuolization of muscle fibers and proliferation of fibrous tissue, similar as occurred in spontaneous cases of fibrosis of the heart muscle in cattle poisoned by A. glazioviana. PAS stained slides revealed positive granules in the cardiomyocytes more evident than those of the control calf. The stillborn calf had mild spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum, thalamus and rostral colliculi. The ultrastructural pathology revealed cardiac fibers with large glycogen storage within myofibril bundles, which showed loss of bundles and disappearance of whole sarcomers. Mild glycogen storage was observed in a control calf.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning Ateleia glazioviana Leguminosae Papilionoideae abortion cardiac fibrosis glycogenosis.

Abstract in Portuguese:

García y Santos M.C., Schild A.L., Barros S.S., Riet-Correa F., Elias F. & Ramos A.T. 2004. [Perinatal lesions in cattle experimentally poisoned by Ateleia glazioviana (Leg. Papilionoideae).] Lesões perinatais em bovinos na intoxicação experimental por Ateleia glazio-viana (Leg.Papilionoideae). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):178-184. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx.Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br Leaves of Ateleia glaziovian Baill., dried in a 100o C oven for 16-20 hours, were given to seven crossbred cows, always as bolus. Two of them received 9 g/kg at 4 months of pregnancy. Three cows in the 8th month of pregnancy received daily doses of 1-2 g/kg of the leaves, until a total amount of 10, 21 and 28 g/kg/bw was reached. Two 8-month-pregnant cows were fed 15.5 and 18 g/kg of the dried leaves. Two 4-month-pregnant cows were fed 35 g/kg of green leaves of A. glazioviana. The cow treated with 21 g/kg of the dry plant material showed clinical signs of poisoning and delivered a stillborn calf. No clinical signs were observed in the other cows. The calves from cows that received 9, 15.5 and 28 g/kg of the dried leaves showed weakness and suckling difficulties, and were killed. Whitish areas and thickening of the right ventricle wall of the heart were observed in the stillborn calf. Thickening of the wall of the right ventricle was also observed in the calf delivered by the cow treated with 28g/kg of dry plant. The other calves had no gross lesions. The histological changes in all necropsied calves were characterized by tumefaction and vacuolization of muscle fibers and proliferation of fibrous tissue, similar as occurred in spontaneous cases of fibrosis of the heart muscle in cattle poisoned by A. glazioviana. PAS stained slides revealed positive granules in the cardiomyocytes more evident than those of the control calf. The stillborn calf had mild spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum, thalamus and rostral colliculi. The ultrastructural pathology revealed cardiac fibers with large glycogen storage within myofibril bundles, which showed loss of bundles and disappearance of whole sarcomers. Mild glycogen storage was observed in a control calf.

Abstract in English:

Elias F., Schild A.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2004. [Bovine herpesvirus type-5 meningoencephalitis and malacia: histological lesions distribution in the central nervous system of naturally infected cattle.] Meningoencefalite e encefalomalacia por Herpesvírus bovino-5: distribuição das lesões no sistema nervoso central de bovinos naturalmente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):123-131. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx. Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br The distribution of the histological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle naturally infected by bovine herpes virus type-5 (BHV-5) was determined in 12 affected calves from 10 outbreaks of the disease diagnosed by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) at Pelotas University, from 1986 to 2003. The epidemiological data, clinical signs and duration of clinical course were obtained from the files of LRD. Transversal sections were performed at different levels in 10% formalin-fixed CNS. The sections were made in the frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital lobes of the telencephalic hemispheres, basal ganglia and internal capsule, thalamus, anterior colliculus, pons, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Paraffin embedded tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The severity and distribution of the inflammatory and malacic lesions were evaluated in all sections. These lesions were related with the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease. The outbreaks of the disease were observed in different seasons of the year. Affected animals were 2 to 24-month-old, of different breeds and both sexes. Gross lesions characterized by yellow and depressed areas in the cerebral cortex were observed in five calves. In two of them, similar lesions were additionally observed in thalamus, basal nuclei, and internal capsule. Congestion and multifocal hemorrhages were observed in most cases. The histological lesions were characterized by non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in all sections of CNS, but more severe in the frontal cortex. Focal or widespread malacia with infiltration of Gitter cells were observed in all sections of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus. In some cases mild malacia was also observed in the rostral colliculi, pons, medulla, cerebellum and cervical spinal cord. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in all cases studied; they were frequent in regions of the cerebral cortex near mild to moderate inflammatory or malacic lesions. In two cases the inclusion bodies were also seen in the basal ganglia and thalamus. The severity of the histological lesions was not proportional with the clinical course of the disease. The presence of lesions of malacia in different regions of the CNS, an aspect not mentioned in most reports of BHV-5 infections, could be due to variable pathogenicity of different virus isolates. Alternatively, it is possible that BHV-5 encephalitis occurs due to the reactivation of the virus in cattle previously affected by polioencefalomacia; this last sequence of events was already demonstrated experimentally by our research group.

• Bovine herpesvirus type-5 BHV-5 cattle meningoencephalitis polioencephalomalacia.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Elias F., Schild A.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2004. [Bovine herpesvirus type-5 meningoencephalitis and malacia: histological lesions distribution in the central nervous system of naturally infected cattle.] Meningoencefalite e encefalomalacia por Herpesvírus bovino-5: distribuição das lesões no sistema nervoso central de bovinos naturalmente infectados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 24(3):123-131. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Cx. Postal 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br The distribution of the histological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle naturally infected by bovine herpes virus type-5 (BHV-5) was determined in 12 affected calves from 10 outbreaks of the disease diagnosed by the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) at Pelotas University, from 1986 to 2003. The epidemiological data, clinical signs and duration of clinical course were obtained from the files of LRD. Transversal sections were performed at different levels in 10% formalin-fixed CNS. The sections were made in the frontal, parietal, temporal e occipital lobes of the telencephalic hemispheres, basal ganglia and internal capsule, thalamus, anterior colliculus, pons, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. Paraffin embedded tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The severity and distribution of the inflammatory and malacic lesions were evaluated in all sections. These lesions were related with the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease. The outbreaks of the disease were observed in different seasons of the year. Affected animals were 2 to 24-month-old, of different breeds and both sexes. Gross lesions characterized by yellow and depressed areas in the cerebral cortex were observed in five calves. In two of them, similar lesions were additionally observed in thalamus, basal nuclei, and internal capsule. Congestion and multifocal hemorrhages were observed in most cases. The histological lesions were characterized by non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in all sections of CNS, but more severe in the frontal cortex. Focal or widespread malacia with infiltration of Gitter cells were observed in all sections of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus. In some cases mild malacia was also observed in the rostral colliculi, pons, medulla, cerebellum and cervical spinal cord. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in all cases studied; they were frequent in regions of the cerebral cortex near mild to moderate inflammatory or malacic lesions. In two cases the inclusion bodies were also seen in the basal ganglia and thalamus. The severity of the histological lesions was not proportional with the clinical course of the disease. The presence of lesions of malacia in different regions of the CNS, an aspect not mentioned in most reports of BHV-5 infections, could be due to variable pathogenicity of different virus isolates. Alternatively, it is possible that BHV-5 encephalitis occurs due to the reactivation of the virus in cattle previously affected by polioencefalomacia; this last sequence of events was already demonstrated experimentally by our research group.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Schild A.L, Soares M.P., Damé M.C., Portianski E.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2002. Arthrogryposis in Murrah buffaloes in southern .Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(1):13-16. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-960, Brazil. Congenital arthrogryposis is described in a Murrah buffalo herd. The disease was characterized by curvature and multiple articular rigidity of the hindlimbs or of all limbs without associated clefects except for one case of brachygnatia. Histologically there was reduction of motor neurons from the ventral horns of the spinal cord and hypoplasia of the limb muscles. Analysis of the herd breeding records suggests that the disease is genetically transmitted by an autosomal recessive trait.

• Arthrogryposis buffalo Artrogripose búfalos.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Schild A.L, Soares M.P., Damé M.C., Portianski E.L. & Riet-Correa F. 2002. Arthrogryposis in Murrah buffaloes in southern .Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23(1):13-16. [Artrogripose em búfalos Murrah no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.] Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-960, Brazil. Artrogripose congênita é descrita em um rebanho de búfalos da raça Murrah. A enfermidade caracterizou- se por curvatura e rigidez articular múltipla dos membros posteriores e/ou dos quatro membros sem associação com outros defeitos exceto por um búfalo que apresentou, também, braquignatia. Histologicamente observou-se diminuição dos neurônios motores nos cornos ventrais da medula espinhal e hipoplasia dos músculos dos membros. A análise genealógica dos animais sugere que a doença possa ser geneticamente transmitida por um gene recessivo autossômico.

Abstract in English:

A radiological study of the fore and hind limb lymphatic system was performed in seven calves with hereditary hypoplasia. Four healthy calves from an unrelated Hereford herd were used as a contrai group. Sixteen calves, without signs of disease, from an experimental affected herd were also studied to detect subclinical cases of lymphedema. After sedation and local anaesthesia a trian-guiar flap of skin was reflected over the lateral aspect of the metacaÍpus and metatarsus to expose the subcutaneous lymphatics, which were previously stained by methylene blue injected subcutaneously into the interdigital space. The contrast medium was injected into the stained lymph vessels and lymphographies were taken in the anatomical regions where the popliteal and prescapular lymph nades are located. The lymphangiograms obtained were used to determine the caliber of lymph vessels and the cranio-caudal and proximo-distal dimensions of the popliteal lymph nades. It was demonstrated that direct lymphography is a suitable method to study the peripheral lymphatic system in the hind limbs of cattle with hereditary lymphatic hypoplasia. The lesions were hypoplasia and/or aplasia of the peripheral lymphatic system, characterized by decreased number and enlargement or absence of peripheral lymph vessels and decreased size or absence of popliteal lymph nodes. In calves without clinical signs the peripheral lymphatic lesions which would allow to detect subclinical cases were not observed.

• Lymphatic hypoplasia hereditary diseases heriditary lymphedema

Abstract in Portuguese:

Hipoplasia linfática heriditária foi estudada através do exame radiológico do sistema linfático periférico de sete bovinos da raça Hereford com diagnóstico clínico da doença. Quatro bovinos sadios, da mesma raça, pertencentes a um rebanho livre da doença foram utilizados como controle. Dezesseis bovinos sem sinais clínicos, pertencente a um rebanho experimental, no qual a doença foi reproduzida, foram, também, estudados com o objetivo de detectar-se casos subclínicos da enfermidade. Após a sedação dos animais e anestesia local, foi feita uma incisão na pele, no terço médio da face lateral dos ossos metacarpo e metatarso para exposição dos vasos linfáticos, marcados previamente por azul de metileno. Nos vasos linfáticos foi injetado meio de contraste e foram tomadas radiografias nas regiões anatômicas onde estão localizados os linfonodos pré-escapulares e poplíteos. Nas radiografias eram medidos o calibre dos vasos linfáticos e as dimensões dorso-ventral e crâneo-caudal dos linfonodos. Este estudo demonstrou ser a linfografia direta eficiente para a avaliação do sistema linfático periférico dos membros posteriores de bovinos com hipoplasia linfática. As lesões observadas, de hipoplasia e/ou aplasia do sistema linfático periférico, caracterizaram-se por redução no número e aumento do diâmetro ou ausência de vasos linfáticos e diminuição do tamanho ou ausência dos linfonodos poplíteos. Nos animais que não apresentavam sinais clínicos não foram observadas alterações no sistema linfático periférico que permitissem a detecção de casos subclínicos da enfermidade.

• Hipoplasia linfática doenças hereditárias linfoedema hereditário

Abstract in English:

Enzootic calcinosis was reproduced in sheep by the administration of Nierembergia veitchii mixed with food at a concentration of 50% for 21 days and at 10% level for 49 days. At a concentration of 50% N. veitchii produced loss of body weight, and at 10% lower body weight gains than the control animals. Food consumption was decreased and hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were evident in both groups. Pathological findings included: soft tissue calcification, more severe in those animals that received N. veitchii at 50%; hyperplasia of thyroid C cells; atrophy of the parathyroids and osteopetrosis. Nierembergia veitchii, which contains a calcitriol-like substance, is approximately 78 times less toxic than Solanum malacoxylon.

• Sheep Nierembergia veitchii calcinogenic plant plant poisoning enzootic calcinosis soft tissue calcification

Abstract in Portuguese:

Calcinose enzoótica foi reproduzida experimentalmente em ovinos mediante a administração de Nierembergia veitchii dessecada, misturada a 50% na ração durante 21 dias, e a 10% durante 49 dias. Os ovinos que ingeriram alimentação com 50% da planta perderam peso e os que foram alimentados com 10% da planta tiveram menores ganhos de peso que os controles. Nos 2 grupos tratados houve diminuição do consumo de ração, hipercalcemia e hiperfosfatemia. As alterações patológicas caracterizaram-se por: calcificação dos tecidos moles, mais marcada no grupo que ingeriu N. veitchii a 50%; hiperplasia das células parafoliculares da tireóide; atrofia das paratireóides e osteopetrose. Nierembergia veitchii, que contém um princípio ativo de ação similar ao calcitriol, é aproximadamente 78 vezes menos tóxica que Solanum malacoxylon.

• Ovinos Nierembergia veitchii plantas calcinogênicas intoxicação por planta calcinose enzoótica calcificação dos tecidos moles

Abstract in English:

Two outbreaks of poisoning by Amaranthus spp. were diagnosed in cattle in southern Brazil in the autumn of 1986. In an outbreak in the county of Dom Pedrito, A. hybridus produced 29 deaths in a herd of 526 cattle of different age and sex. The other, produced by A. blitum, occurred in the county of Pinheiro Machado where 30 of 113 steers died. In both, the animals were introduced in areas severely invaded by Amaranthus at seeding stage. The clinical signs were depression, anorexia, decreased ruminal motility, diarrhoea and incoordination with hipocalcemia, hiperphosphatemia, hiperkalemia and increased serum levels of urea and creatinine. The course of the disease until death was from 3 to 10 days. Macroscopic lesions were characterized by hemorrhages in subcutaneous tissue and serous membranes, ulceration of the oesophagus, congestion, hemorrhages, and in some cases ulceration of abomasum, intestine, larynx and trachea. The kidneys were edematous, with increased consistency and sometimes yellow incolor. In all cases, the main histological lesion was a severe toxic nephrosis. The lesion was reproduced in two steers fed, respectively, 339.88 and 492.25 g per kg body weight of A. hybridus and A. blitum, and afterwards euthanized.

• Toxic plants plant poisoning Amaranthus hybridus Amaranthus blitum Amaranthaceae cattle pathology

Abstract in Portuguese:

Dois surtos de intoxicação por Amaranthus spp. Foram diagnosticados no Rio Grande do Sul no outono de 1986. Em um surto no município de Dom Pedrito, causado por A. hybridus, morreram 29 animais de um total de 526 bovinos de diversas categorias; no outro surto no município de Pinheiro Machado, causado por A. blitum, morreram 30 novilhos de um total de 113. Nos dois surtos as áreas onde foram colocados os animais estavam severamente invadidas por Amaranthus em período de sementação. Os sinais clínicos caracterizaram-se por depressão, anorexia, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais, diarréia e incoordenação com hipocalcemia, hiperfosfatemia, hiperpotassemia e elevação dos níveis séricos de uréia e creatinina. A evolução da doença até a morte era de 3 a 10 dias. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se por hemorragias petequiais subcutâneas e das serosas, ulcerações do esôfago e hemorragias, congestão e, em alguns casos, ulcerações do abomaso, intestino, laringe e traquéia. Os rins apresentavam-se com consistência aumentada, edemaciados e cor amarela. A principal lesão histológica foi uma severa nefrose tubular tóxica observada em todos os animais. As lesões de nefrose em grau leve foram reproduzidas experimentalmente em 2 bovinos, alimentados com as plantas coletadas nos locais onde ocorreram os surtos, nas doses de 339,88 e 492,25 g por kg de peso vivo de A. hybridus e A. blitum, respectivamente, e sacrificados posteriormente.

• Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por plantas Amaranthus hybridus Amaranthus blitum Amaranthaceae bovinos patologia

Abstract in English:

One hundred and fifty-nine lesions macroscopically similar to tuberculosis, observed in cattle slaughtered from 13 counties located in southem Rio Grande do Sul, were studied histologically. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 147 (92.45%), lesions, club-forming granulomas in 7 (4.4%), eosinophilic abscess in 2 (1.26%), and abscess in 3 (1.89%). Fifty-nine specimens with histological lesions of tuberculosis were cultured for mycobacteria, obtaining 40 isolates, all of them classified as Mycobacterium bovis. Based in these results and the data related with condemnation due to tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of the disease in beef cattle in the State during 1980-1987 was estimated in 0.6%. However, marked differences were observed between different areas. The higher prevalences (2.23% to 3.39%) occurred in the regions focated in the coastland of the "Lagoa dos Patos", middle prevalences (0.97% to 1.95%) in the regions located West and Northwest near Porto Alegre, and the lower prevalences in the other regions of the State (0.12% to 0.71 %). The annual prevalence of the disease has been decreasing sistematically from 1980 (0.95%) to 1987 (0.42).

• Cattle tuberculosis tubercajosis-like lesions Mycobacterium bovis

Abstract in Portuguese:

Cento e cinqüenta e nove lesões observadas em frigoríficos como macroscopicamente similares à tuberculose, de bovinos provenientes de 14 municípios da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, foram estudadas histologicamente. Tuberculose foi diagnosticada em 147 (92,45%) lesões, actinogranuloma em 7 (4,4%), abscesso eosinofílico em 2 (1,26%) e abscesso em 3 (1,89%). Em 59 desses materiais, com lesões histológicas de tuberculose, foram realizadas culturas para micobactérias, obtendo-se 40 isolamentos, todos eles tipificados como Mycobacterium bovis. Com base nos resultados do estudo histológico e bacteriológico foram analisados os dados de condenação por tuberculose de todos os municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, no período 1980-1987, estimando-se a prevalência da doença, em gado de corte no Estado, em aproximadamente 0,6%. No entanto detectaram-se marcadas variações, entre regiões, na freqüência de lesões macroscopicamente similares à tuberculose, observando-se maiores prevalências (2,23% a 3,39%) nas microrregiões homogêneas localizadas no litoral da Lagoa dos Patos, prevalências médias nas 6 microrregiões próximas a Porto Alegre, no sentido oeste e noroeste (0,97% a 1,95%), e as menores prevalências nas restantes microrregiões do Estado (0,12% a 0,71%).

• Bovinos tuberculose lesões similares a tuberculose Mycobacterium bovis

Abstract in English:

An outbreak of primary photosensitization in cattle, grazing on a pasture invaded by Ammi majus, in Southern Brazil, is described. The disease occurred during December and January in a herd of 14 cows and 14 calves. Clinical signs were characterized by dermatitis in the udder of the cows and keratoconjuntivitis in the calves. Regression of the lesions was observed after the withdrawel of the animals from the pasture. The disease was reproduced in calves by the administration of A. majus seeds at a dosis of 1.7 to 8 g/kg of body weight. The experimental animals showed ocular discharge, oedema of the eyelids, keratitis and dermatitis of the muzzle.

• Poisonous plants plant poisoning primary photosensitization Ammi majus Umbelliferae cattle

Abstract in Portuguese:

Descreve-se um surto de fotossensibilização primária em bovinos no município de Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, em uma pastagem invadida por Ammi majus. A doença ocorreu nos meses de dezembro e janeiro em um grupo. de 14 vacas e 14 terneiros da raça Hereford. Os animais apresentaram fotossensibilização, caracterizada por dermatite no úbere das vacas e ceratoconjuntivite nos terneiros, que regrediram após a retirada dos animais da pastagem. A doença foi reproduzida experimentalmente, em 6 terneiros, com sementes de A. majus, nas doses de 1,7 a 8 g/kg de peso vivo, observando-se corrimento ocular, edemas das pálpebras, ceratite e dermatite no focinho.

• Plantas tóxicas intoxicação por planta fotossensibilização primária Ammi majus Umbelliferae bovinos

Abstract in English:

The toxicity of 5 species of Senecio was studied' experimentally in cattle and chicks. The chicks were fed during 60 days with a ration containing 5% of dry plant. All Senecio species were toxic in the following sequence of toxicity: S. brasiliensis, S. heterotrichius, S. cisplatinus, S. selloi and S. leptolobus. To cattle the plants were administrated at 22.5, 45, 90 and 180g per kg of body weight in a period from 15 to 39 days. S. leptolobus was not toxic at these doses. The other 4 species were toxic indicating its paiticipation in the occurrence of seneciosis in cattle in southem Brazil. The determination of the alkaloid content showed integerrimine and retrorsine (0.31 % of dry weight) in S. brasiüensis and S. heterotrichius (0.19%); retrorsine and senecionine in S. cisplatinus (0.16%) and S. selloi (0.10%) and neosenkirkine and florosenine in S. leptolobus (0.005%). Integerrimine, retrorsine, mixtures of integerrimine-retrorsine and neosenkirkine-florosenine were fed to chicken at 50mg per kg of food during 45 days; The mixture of necisenkirkine-florosenine was less toxic than the others. The alkaloids showed less toxicity than the dried plants, due probably to the loss of alkaloids during extraction or drying procedure or storage contions of the plants.

• Hepatotoxic poisonous plants plant poisoning Senedo bramliensis S. heterotrichius S. cisplatinus S. selloi S. leptolobus cattle chicks pyrrolizidine alkaloids

Abstract in Portuguese:

Com o objetico de determinar a toxicidade de espécies de Senecio existentes na região, cinco espécies desse gênero de planta foram administradas experimentalmente a frangos e bovinos. Para os frangos; que receberam a planta dessecada misturada a 5% na ração durante 60 dias, todas as espécies resultaram tóxicas na seguinte ordem de toxicidade: Senecio brasiliensis, S. heterotrichius, S. cisplatinus, S. selloi e S. leptolobus. Aos bovinos, as plantas acima mencionadas foram administradas dessecadas nas doses de 22,5, 45, 90 e 180g/kg de peso vivo. S. leptolobus não resultou tóxico nas doses utilizadas, e as outras 4 espécies foram tóxicas, o que evidencia que elas provavelmente participam na etiologia da seneciose em bovinos da região, de vez que tem sido encontradas com evidências de terem sido consumidas. Foi realizada a determinação química do conteúdo de alcaloides das espécies de Senecio utilizadas, observando-se integerrimina e retrorsina em Senecio brasiliensis (0.31% da matéria seca) e S. heterotrichius (0,19%); retrorsina e senecionina em S. cisplatinus (0,16%) e S. selloi (0,10%) e neosenkirkina e florosenina em S. leptolobus (0,005%). Integerrimina, retrorsina, misturas de integerrimina e retrorsina e neosenkirkina e florosenina foram administradas a frangos, durante 45 dias, na dose de 50mg/kg de ração, sendo que as intoxicações provocadas pelos alcalóides foram menos graves que as induzidas pelas plantas dessecadas, o que, provavelmente, foi devido à perda de alcalóides durante o processo de extração e/ou durante a dessecação e armazenagem das plantas.

• Plantas hepatotóxicas intoxicação por planta Senecio brasiliensis S. heterotrichius S. cisplatinus S. selloi S. leptolobus bovinos aves alcalóides pirrolizidínicos