Resultado da pesquisa (338)

Termo utilizado na pesquisa ovine

#1 - Wischnewsky spots in cases of fatal hypothermia in cattle

Abstract in English:

Wischnewsky spots (WS) are hemorrhagic, non-erosive, and non-ulcerative lesions that affect the gastric mucosa. They are considered common in the stomachs of humans who have died from hypothermia and are rarely described in other animal species. This study describes the occurrence of WS in cattle that had died of hypothermia in two cities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Two properties were visited, and three cattle were necropsied by the team from the Pathological Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (LAP-UFMS). The epidemiological conditions and clinical signs of the cattle examined on both properties were similar. The deaths occurred on days when there was a sudden drop in environmental temperature, with continuous rain for more than 24 hours. During the visits, the most affected live cattle were found in sternal decubitus, with their heads resting on their flanks, or laterally in a comatose state, with nystagmus and a rectal temperature below 32°C. Macroscopically, there were multifocal to coalescent red and black areas on the mucosal surface of the abomasums of the three cattle necropsied, mainly at the apex of the folds, oval or punctate in shape, measuring 0.1 to 1.0cm in diameter. Microscopically, these dark areas corresponded to areas of rarefaction of the mucosal epithelial cells associated with hemorrhage and the frequent deposition of golden-brown pigment (hematin) in the extracellular medium. The diagnosis of hypothermia in cattle was based on epidemiology, clinical-pathological examination, and the exclusion of differential diagnoses. The lesions found in the abomasum of cattle that had died from hypothermia were compatible with WS, highlighting the importance of recognizing them in cases of cattle deaths in which this condition is suspected.

Abstract in Portuguese:

As manchas de Wischnewsky (WS) são lesões hemorrágicas, não erosivas e não ulcerativas que acometem a mucosa gástrica. Eles são considerados comuns no estômago de humanos que morreram de hipotermia e raramente são descritos em outras espécies animais. Este estudo descreve a ocorrência de WS em bovinos que morreram por hipotermia em duas cidades do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Duas propriedades foram visitadas e três bovinos foram necropsiados pela equipe do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (LAP-UFMS). As condições epidemiológicas e os sinais clínicos dos bovinos examinados nas duas propriedades foram semelhantes. As mortes ocorreram em dias em que houve queda brusca da temperatura ambiente, com chuva contínua por mais de 24 horas. Os bovinos vivos mais acometidos no momento das visitas foram encontrados em decúbito esternal, com a cabeça apoiada nos flancos, ou lateralmente em estado de coma, com nistagmo e temperatura retal abaixo de 32°C. Macroscopicamente, havia áreas vermelhas e pretas multifocais a coalescentes na superfície mucosa dos abomasos dos três bovinos necropsiados, principalmente no ápice das pregas, de formato oval ou pontiforme, medindo de 0,1 a 1,0cm de diâmetro. Microscopicamente, essas áreas escuras correspondiam a áreas de rarefação das células epiteliais da mucosa associadas à hemorragia e à frequente deposição de pigmento marrom-dourado (hematina) no meio extracelular. O diagnóstico de hipotermia em bovinos foi baseado na epidemiologia, no exame clínico-patológico e na exclusão de diagnósticos diferenciais. As lesões encontradas no abomaso de bovinos que morreram por hipotermia foram compatíveis com WS, destacando a importância de reconhecê-las em casos de mortes de bovinos em que haja suspeita desta condição.


#2 - Searching bovine papillomavirus presence in lesions seen on teats of cows

Abstract in English:

The samples were taken from 106 cows with various-looking lesions on their teats and ranged in age from 2 to 8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen (Ag) positive for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found in 59 (55.7%) blood serum samples. PCR using FAP59/64 primers was positive for 24 (22.6%) samples. BPV-2 (40, 37.7%), BPV-6 (28, 26.4%), BPV-8 (30, 28.3%), BPV-9 (36, 34%), BPV-10 (32, 30.3%), and BPV-12 (22, 20.8%) were found in a PCR type-specific analysis of single and mixed type teat warts. The highest positivity was observed in BPV-2, BPV-9 and BPV-10 in flat and round forms, BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, and mixed types in rice grain-cauliflower forms, BPV-9 and mixed types in filiform in the distribution of types based on the macroscopic appearance of teat lesions. As for the distribution of BPV types according to age, the most BPV-2 types were found in the age group of two years, the most BPV-10 types in the age group of three years, the most BPV-9 types in the age group of four years, the most BPV-8+BPV-12 types in the age group of five years, and the most mixed types between the ages of six and eight years. The existence of the virus was then checked using electron microscopy on the chosen samples (at least one investigation was conducted), and it was positively identified using BPV type-specific primers. The authors concluded that BPV detection using an ELISA (Ag) test from blood serum samples was shown to be less sensitive than BPV type-specific PCR from wart samples.

Abstract in Portuguese:

The samples were taken from 106 cows with various-looking lesions on their teats and ranged in age from 2 to 8 years. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen (Ag) positive for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) was found in 59 (55.7%) blood serum samples. PCR using FAP59/64 primers was positive for 24 (22.6%) samples. BPV-2 (40, 37.7%), BPV-6 (28, 26.4%), BPV-8 (30, 28.3%), BPV-9 (36, 34%), BPV-10 (32, 30.3%), and BPV-12 (22, 20.8%) were found in a PCR type-specific analysis of single and mixed type teat warts. The highest positivity was observed in BPV-2, BPV-9 and BPV-10 in flat and round forms, BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, and mixed types in rice grain-cauliflower forms, BPV-9 and mixed types in filiform in the distribution of types based on the macroscopic appearance of teat lesions. As for the distribution of BPV types according to age, the most BPV-2 types were found in the age group of two years, the most BPV-10 types in the age group of three years, the most BPV-9 types in the age group of four years, the most BPV-8+BPV-12 types in the age group of five years, and the most mixed types between the ages of six and eight years. The existence of the virus was then checked using electron microscopy on the chosen samples (at least one investigation was conducted), and it was positively identified using BPV type-specific primers. The authors concluded that BPV detection using an ELISA (Ag) test from blood serum samples was shown to be less sensitive than BPV type-specific PCR from wart samples.


#3 - Effects of autolyzed yeast on leukocyte oxidative metabolism and pneumonia occurrence in feedlot steers

Abstract in English:

Although yeast supplementation has shown an immunostimulant effect in feedlot cattle, the question remains whether it influences the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) in feedlot cattle. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with autolyzed yeast affects the efficiency of blood phagocytes, reducing inflammation and the occurrence of BRD in feedlot cattle. A randomized experimental trial was conducted with whole steers with half Angus blood for 106 days: control (n=10): diet without yeast; Y4 (n=12): yeast diet (4g per animal per day); and Y7 (n=7): yeast diet (7g per animal per day). On Days 0, 14, 42, 70, and 105, blood count, leukocyte oxidative metabolism, serum haptoglobin, frequency of nasal secretion and orbital temperature were evaluated. On slaughter day, a lung evaluation was performed. On Days 42 and 70 of feedlot finishing, the treated animals showed increased leukocyte oxidative metabolism (D42 P=0.04; D70 P=0.02) compared to the control group. These animals had a lower frequency of mucopurulent nasal secretion, lower orbital temperature and reduced pneumonia occurrence than the treated groups (P=0.05) with less lung lesion severity (P=0.01), allowing us to infer that the autolyzed yeast improves blood phagocytic function and decreases the inflammation and BRD of feedlot steers, especially at a dose of 4g.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Embora a suplementação com leveduras tenha demonstrado efeito imunoestimulante em bovinos, permanece-se a dúvida se ela influencia na ocorrência do complexo doença respiratória bovina (CDRB) em bovinos confinados. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar se a suplementação dietética com levedura autolisada influencia a eficiência de fagócitos sanguíneos, reduzindo inflamações e a ocorrência de CDRB em bovinos confinados. Realizou-se um ensaio experimental randomizado com 36 novilhos inteiros 1/2 sangue Angus por 106 dias: controle (n=10): dieta sem levedura; Y4 (n=12): dieta com levedura (4g por animal por dia); e Y7 (n=7): dieta com levedura (7g por animal por dia). Nos dias 0, 14, 42, 70 e 105, hemograma, metabolismo oxidativo de leucócitos, haptoglobina sérica, frequência de secreção nasal e temperatura orbital foram avaliados. No dia do abate, foi realizada avaliação pulmonar. Nos dias 42, e 70 de terminação em confinamento, os animais tratados apresentaram aumento do metabolismo oxidativo dos leucócitos (D42 P=0,04; D70 P=0,02) em relação ao grupo controle. Esses animais apresentaram menor frequência de secreção nasal mucopurulenta, menor temperatura orbital, menor ocorrência de pneumonias (P=0,05) com menor gravidade das lesões pulmonares (P=0,01), permitindo inferir que a levedura autolisada na dieta melhorou a eficiência dos fagócitos sanguíneos, reduzindo inflamações e a ocorrência de CDRB, especialmente na dosagem de 4g.


#4 - Sarcocystis spp. detection in cattle using different diagnostic methods

Abstract in English:

Cattle are considered intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis, which can cause clinical signs and lower performance in the acute phase of infection. Sarcocystis spp. are usually not visible to the naked eye during the post mortem inspection. Moreover, fresh microscopic examination and transmission electron microscopy techniques are difficult to apply to large samples. Therefore, extensive studies on Sarcocystis infection in cattle using molecular and serological methods are required. Here, we investigated Sarcocystis spp. infection in cattle using fresh microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction of myocardium samples and compared the results with the presence of antibodies against Sarcocystis spp. in corresponding serum samples detected using indirect fluorescent antibody test. Microscopic Sarcocystis were observed in 100% of the myocardial samples, and Sarcocystis DNA was present in 86% (43/50) of these samples. Antibodies against Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 96% (48/50) and 80% (40/50) of the serum samples at 1:25 and 1:200 dilutions, respectively. The three associated methods (fresh microscopic examination, PCR and serology) showed good sensitivity and detection for Sarcocystis spp. compared with fresh microscopic examination (only), and they may facilitate diagnosis in live animals on a large scale as well as monitoring of the herd status.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Os bovinos são considerados hospedeiros intermediários de Sarcocystis, podendo causar sinais clínicos e menor desempenho na fase aguda da infecção. Sarcocystis spp. geralmente não são visíveis a olho nu durante a inspeção post mortem. Além disso, o exame microscópico a fresco e as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão são difíceis de aplicar a uma amostras de grande tamanho. Portanto, são necessários extensos estudos sobre a infecção por Sarcocystis em bovinos usando métodos moleculares e sorológicos. Aqui, investigamos a infecção de Sarcocystis spp. em bovinos por meio de exame microscópico a fresco e reação em cadeia da polimerase de amostras de miocárdio e comparado os resultados com a presença de anticorpos contra Sarcocystis spp. em amostras de soro correspondentes detectadas usando o teste de anticorpos fluorescentes indiretos. Sarcocistos microscópicos foram observados em 100% das amostras de miocárdio, e o DNA de Sarcocystis estava presente em 86% (43/50) dessas amostras. Anticorpos contra Sarcocystis spp. foram detectados em 96% (48/50) e 80% (40/50) das amostras de soro nas diluições 1:25 e 1:200, respectivamente. Os três métodos associados (exame microscópico a fresco, PCR e sorologia) mostraram boa sensibilidade e detecção para Sarcocystis spp. em comparação com o exame microscópico fresco (apenas) e podem facilitar o diagnóstico em animais vivos em larga escala, bem como o monitoramento do status do rebanho.


#5 - Malignant epithelioid mesothelioma in senile Red Sindhi cows from Brazil

Abstract in English:

Mesotheliomas in cattle are often described as isolated case reports, and investigations of multiple cases within the same bovine herd are lacking. A series of cases of malignant epithelial mesothelioma, tubulopapilary type, is described in five 15 to 21-year-old Red Sindhi cows from the same herd. Clinical signs included three to eight months of progressive emaciation, dehydration, subcutaneous edema of the lower extremities, and abdominal distension. Grossly, severe subcutaneous edema and hydroperitoneum were noted. Multiple organs’ parietal and visceral serosal surfaces had multifocal to coalescing yellow, firm, sessile nodules ranging from 0.1 to 29.0cm. Similar free nodules floated in the peritoneal fluid. Histologically, the masses comprised a layer of cubic to columnar neoplastic cells forming papillary or cystic proliferation supported by a dense fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells had strong and diffuse cytoplasmic immunolabeling for pan-cytokeratin but were negative for cytokeratin 7 and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had delicate microvilli and tight and anchoring junctions. Within the cytoplasm, a moderate amount of loose aggregate of intermediary filament with small mitochondria was observed. Epidemiological investigation evidenced endogamy in this herd. Asbestos exposure was not detected. The diagnosis was based on clinical, gross, histological, and immunohistochemical findings and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy features. A definitive underlying etiology remains unknown.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Mesotelioma em bovinos são frequentemente relatados como casos isolados, descrições de múltiplos casos no mesmo rebanho bovino não foram encontrados. Descreve-se uma série de casos de mesotelioma epitelial maligno, tipo tubulopapilar, em cinco vacas Red Sindi de 15 a 21 anos de idade do mesmo rebanho. Os sinais clínicos incluíram emagrecimento progressivo, desidratação, edema subcutâneo das extremidades dos membros e distensão abdominal em um curso clínico que variou de três a oito meses. Macroscopicamente, observou-se edema subcutâneo acentuado e hidroperitônio. Nas serosas parietais e viscerais de múltiplos órgãos haviam nódulos multifocais a coalescentes amarelo-claros, firmes e sésseis que variavam de 0,1 a 29,0 centímetros de diâmetro. Nódulos livres semelhantes também flutuavam no líquido peritoneal. Histologicamente, as massas eram compostas por uma camada de células cúbicas a colunares formando proliferação papilar ou cística sustentada por estroma fibrovascular denso. As células neoplásicas apresentavam imunomarcação citoplasmática forte e difusa para pan-citoqueratina, mas eram negativas para citoqueratina 7 e vimentina. Ultraestruturalmente, as células neoplásicas apresentavam delicadas microvilosidades e junções comunicantes e de ancoragem. No citoplasma observou-se moderada quantidade de agregados de filamentos intermediários soltos e pequenas mitocôndrias. A investigação epidemiológica revelou que não houve inserção de bovinos de outros rebanhos por mais de 30 anos e evidenciou endogamia. Não foram encontradas possíveis fontes de amianto para os bovinos deste rebanho. O diagnóstico de mesotelioma foi baseado em características clínicas, macroscópicas, histológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e confirmado pelos achados de microscopia eletrônica. A etiologia permanece desconhecida.


#6 - Bovine genital leptospirosis: Findings in bulls maintained in Caatinga biome conditions

Abstract in English:

Leptospirosis is a disease that causes economic and social impact, as it affects wild and domestic animals and humans. There may be peculiarities in the epidemiology of this disease in the Caatinga biome, Brazil, where the environment is adverse and the etiologic agent, Leptospira spp., requires alternative transmission routes. Considering that in bovine leptospirosis the genital carrier is constantly neglected and the lack of reports on the role of bulls in the epidemiology of the bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) syndrome, mainly in semiarid conditions such as Caatinga biome, this study aimed to investigate bulls maintained in Caatinga biome conditions as genital carriers of leptospires. Urinary tract (urine, bladder, and kidney) and reproductive tract (vas deferens, cauda epididymis, and vesicular gland) samples were collected from 42 slaughtered bulls. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microbiological isolation were included as diagnostic methods. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 17 (40.48%) animals, while 26 animals (61.90%) had at least one organ or urine with leptospiral DNA, and 10 animals (23.81%) were positive at bacteriological culture. Sequenced samples targeting the LipL32 gene showed 99% similarity with Leptospira borgpetersenii. Molecular analysis of samples from the vas deferens and cauda epididymis is recommended for the diagnosis of genital leptospirosis in bulls and, if it is impossible to collect these tissues, semen can be used. In conclusion, this study provides important information relating to bulls from the Caatinga biome, Brazil, as carriers of genital leptospirosis. The results indicate that, even under adverse environmental conditions, leptospires may survive and propagate, mainly due to the characteristic of genital carriers for the sexually spreading of adapted Leptospira species without influence by external variables. Thus, prevention and control strategies for bovine leptospirosis need to include actions aimed at the genital carrier.

Abstract in Portuguese:

A leptospirose é uma doença que causa impacto econômico e social, pois afeta animais silvestres, domésticos e humanos. É possível que existam peculiaridades na epidemiologia desta doença no bioma Caatinga, Brasil, onde o ambiente é adverso e o agente etiológico, Leptospira spp., requer vias alternativas de transmissão. Considerando que na leptospirose bovina o portador genital é constantemente negligenciado e a falta de relatos sobre o papel dos touros na epidemiologia da síndrome da leptospirose genital bovina (BGL), principalmente em condições semiáridas como no bioma Caatinga, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar touros mantidos em condições do bioma Caatinga como portadores genitais de leptospiras. Amostras do trato urinário (urina, bexiga e rim) e do trato reprodutivo (ducto deferente, cauda do epidídimo e glândula vesicular) foram coletadas de 42 touros abatidos. Teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e isolamento microbiológico foram incluídos como métodos de diagnóstico. Anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. foram encontrados em 17 (40,48%) animais, enquanto 26 animais (61,90%) apresentaram pelo menos um órgão ou urina com DNA leptospírico, e 10 animais (23,81%) foram positivos na cultura bacteriológica. As amostras sequenciadas a partir do gene LipL32 apresentaram 99% de similaridade com Leptospira borgpetersenii. Recomenda-se a análise molecular de amostras de ducto deferente e cauda do epidídimo para o diagnóstico de leptospirose genital em touros e, na impossibilidade da coleta desses tecidos, o sêmen pode ser utilizado. Em conclusão, este estudo fornece informações importantes sobre touros do bioma Caatinga, Brasil, como portadores de leptospirose genital. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo em condições ambientais adversas, as leptospiras podem sobreviver e se propagar, principalmente devido à característica de os portadores genitais disseminarem sexualmente espécies adaptadas de Leptospira sem influência de variáveis externas. Assim, as estratégias de prevenção e controle da leptospirose bovina precisam incluir ações voltadas para o portador genital.


#7 - Retrospective study of poxviruses diagnosed in cattle from Goiás State, Brazil (2010-2018)

Abstract in English:

A retrospective study of poxvirus infections diagnosed in cattle from Goiás state (GO), Brazil, from 2010 to 2018, was performed. All cases have been investigated by the GO Official Veterinary Service (Agrodefesa), from which technical forms and protocols of veterinary diagnosis laboratories were reviewed. In most cases, samples of oral or cutaneous tissues and/or swabs were submitted for virological diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or virus isolation. Thirty seven outbreaks/cases of vesicular disease were notified in cattle of 25 counties; in 33 cases the animals presented lesions clinically compatible with poxviruses. The etiology of 25 out of 33 outbreaks/cases was confirmed as poxviruses by PCR and/or viral isolation: 13 as bovine vaccinia virus (VACV), six as pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), five as bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and one coinfection (VACV and an Orf virus-like parapoxvirus). The laboratory confirmed that cases occurred mainly in dairy cattle (19/25) and during the dry season (22/25). In adult cattle, gross changes were observed mainly in the teats and udder and included vesicles, ulcers, crusts, papules and scars and varied of type, severity and affected region, depending on the poxvirus species. In calves, the main lesions were ulcers in the mouth and muzzle. Zoonotic lesions compatible with poxvirus infections were observed for all diagnosed poxviruses, affecting especially the hands of milkers and other farm workers. Our data demonstrate the sanitary and economic relevance of these diseases and the wide circulation of different poxviruses in cattle from GO.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo das infecções por poxvírus diagnosticadas em bovinos do estado de Goiás (GO), entre 2010 e 2018. Todos os casos foram investigados pela Agência Goiana de Defesa Agropecuária (Agrodefesa). Foram revisados formulários técnicos e protocolos de laboratórios de diagnóstico veterinário. Na maioria dos casos, amostras de tecidos orais ou cutâneos e/ou swabs foram encaminhadas para diagnóstico virológico. Foram notificados 37 surtos/casos de doença vesicular em bovinos em 25 municípios; em 33 casos os animais apresentavam lesões clinicamente compatíveis com poxvírus. A etiologia de 25 de 33 surtos/casos foi confirmada como poxvírus por PCR e/ou isolamento viral: 13 como vírus vaccínia (VACV), seis como vírus pseudocowpox (PCPV), cinco como vírus da estomatite papular bovina (BPSV) e um caso de coinfecção (VACV e um parapoxvírus semelhante ao Orf vírus). Os casos confirmados laboratorialmente ocorreram principalmente em bovinos leiteiros (19/25) e durante a estação seca (22/25). Em bovinos adultos, alterações macroscópicas foram observadas principalmente nas tetas e úbere e incluíram vesículas, úlceras, crostas, pápulas e cicatrizes e variaram quanto ao tipo, gravidade e região afetada, dependendo da espécie do poxvírus. Em bezerros, as principais lesões foram úlceras na boca e focinho. Lesões zoonóticas compatíveis com infecção por poxvírus foram observadas em todas as poxviroses diagnosticadas, afetando principalmente as mãos dos ordenhadores e outros trabalhadores rurais. Nossos dados demonstram a relevância sanitária e econômica dessas doenças e a ampla circulação de diferentes poxvírus em bovinos de GO.


#8 - Indirect ELISA as a complementary diagnostic method of bovine tuberculosis

Abstract in English:

Bovine tuberculosis is an economic and health problem, requiring precise diagnostic methods for its control and eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. A total of 1,644 cattle from eight dairy herds were evaluated using the comparative cervical tuberculin test (CCTT). Three of the herds had no recent tuberculosis infection, and the other five had shown positive results in a previous tuberculin test. For the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis, a commercial ELISA antibody test kit for Mycobacterium bovis was used. Serum samples from 846 cattle from the eight herds were evaluated using ELISA for M. bovis. Animals that were positive based on either CCTT or ELISA for M. bovis or both were sent to slaughter. Samples of their lungs, livers, and lymph nodes were collected and stored under refrigeration for microbiological culture and subsequent confirmation by polymerase chain reaction. Samples from the same tissues were also fixed with 10% formaldehyde in bottles for histopathological examination and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Of the 1,644 cattle, 61 were considered positive and 65 inconclusive based on CCTT. Retesting of the inconclusive samples identified an additional 19 positive cases, totaling 80 (4.8%) CCTT-positive animals from five herds. ELISA for M. bovis identified 4.2% (36/846) positive cattle, of which 35 were considered negative and one inconclusive based on CCTT. Of the 36 positive cases identified by ELISA for M. bovis, 27 were euthanized, 11% (3/27) showed suggestive lesions of tuberculosis on macroscopic examination, and two were confirmed by histological, microbiological, and PCR methods. The weak association of ELISA for M. bovis with the results obtained by macroscopic, histological, and microbiological isolation indicates the fragility of ELISA performance in field conditions. Therefore, it is suggested that its use as a complementary method for herd sanitation be based on the local epidemiological situation.

Abstract in Portuguese:

A tuberculose bovina é um problema econômico mundial e de saúde, que requer métodos de diagnóstico precisos para controle e erradicação. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho de um teste comercial de ELISA no diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina. Foram avaliados pelo teste cervical comparativo (TCC) 1644 bovinos, provenientes de oito rebanhos de exploração leiteira, sendo três deles sem histórico recente da doença, e outros cinco com resultados positivos no último exame de tuberculinização. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da tuberculose utilizou-se um kit comercial de ELISA Mycobacterium bovis antibody test (ELISA M. bovis). Amostras de soro sanguíneo de 846 bovinos provenientes dos mesmos rebanhos foram também avaliadas no ELISA M. bovis. Os bovinos positivos no TCC e/ou ELISA M. bovis foram encaminhados para o abate sanitário. Dos positivos no ELISA para M. bovis foi realizado o exame macroscópico das carcaças e classificação das mesmas em: com presença ou ausência de lesões. Amostras de pulmão, fígado, e linfonodos, foram colhidas em duplicata para realização dos exames de cultivo microbiológico com posterior confirmação por PCR, e exame histopatológico com coloração de hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Dos 1,644 bovinos, 61 foram considerados positivos e 65 inconclusivos no TCC. O reteste dos inconclusivos identificou mais 19 positivos. No total, 80 (4,8%) bovinos positivos no TCC, provenientes de 5 rebanhos foram encaminhados para abate. O ELISA para M. bovis identificou 4,2% (36/846) de bovinos positivos, sendo 36 considerados negativos e um inconclusivo no exame de tuberculinização. Dos positivos no ELISA para M. bovis, 27 foram eutanasiados, e no exame macroscópico das carcaças 11% (3/27) dos animais apresentaram lesões sugestivas de tuberculose, e em apenas dois houve confirmação da doença pelos métodos histológico, microbiológico e PCR. A baixa associação dos resultados obtidos no ELISA para M. bovis com os exames macroscópico, histológico e isolamento microbiológico apontam para a fragilidade do desempenho do ELISA para o diagnóstico de tuberculose. Sugere-se assim que seu uso como método complementar para saneamento de rebanhos, seja adotado com cautela e considere a situação epidemiológica local.


#9 - Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle (Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the Amazon region and Southeast Brazil

Abstract in English:

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly infectious pathogen that affects bovines worldwide leading to great economic impact. Although Brazil has the largest commercial cattle population throughout the world and an increasing buffalo breeding industry, the country has no control or eradication program for BVDV. In this perspective, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of BVDV in cattle and buffaloes from two Brazilian states. Four different ELISA tests were performed and confirmed by virus neutralization testing (VNT). The presence of BVDV antibodies in the serum or plasma from 77 cattle from six herds (ELISA-1 and ELISA-4) and from 89 buffaloes from three herds (ELISA-1 through ELISA-4) was detected. Extraction of viral RNA was performed from the serum or plasma samples for the detection of BVDV by RT-PCR analysis. Amplified nucleotide sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. In cattle, ELISA-1 detected 49.4% of seropositive animals, while ELISA-4 detected 37.7%. In buffaloes, ELISA-1 failed to detect any seropositive animals, while ELISA-2 and ELISA-3 detected 20.2% of seropositive animals, and ELISA-4 detected 21.3%. Eight of the nine herds tested had seropositive animals. The rate of PCR positive animals was 6.5% in cattle and 9% in buffaloes. Subtype 1d was found in cattle, and subtypes 1d and 1f were found in buffaloes. This is the first-time subtype 1f has been reported in Brazil. The absence of a control and eradication program seems to be favoring the spread of BVDV in the Brazilian herds. In addition, the improvement of diagnostic strategies for BVDV in buffaloes are required.

Abstract in Portuguese:

Diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) é um patógeno altamente infeccioso que afeta bovinos em todo o mundo elevando o impacto econômico. Apesar de o Brasil possuir a maior população bovina comercial em todo o mundo e uma indústria de criação bubalina em ascendência, o país não tem programa de controle e erradicação para BVDV. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a ocorrência do BVDV em bovinos e bubalinos de dois estados brasileiros. Quatro testes de ELISA foram realizados e confirmados por teste de vírus neutralização (VNT). A presença de anticorpos contra BVDV no soro ou plasma de 77 bovinos de seis rebanhos (ELISA-1 e ELISA-4) e de 89 búfalos de três rebanhos (ELISA-1 ao ELISA-4) foi detectada. Extração de RNA viral foi realizada em amostras de soro ou plasma para detecção de BVDV por análise de RT-PCR. Sequências de nucleotídeos amplificadas foram utilizadas para construção de uma árvore filogenética. Em bovinos, o ELISA-1 detectou 49.4% dos animais soropositivos, enquanto ELISA-4 detectou 37.7%. Em búfalos, o ELISA-1 falhou em detectar animais soropositivos, enquanto o ELISA-2 e o ELISA-3 detectaram 20.2% dos animais soropositivos e o ELISA-4 detectou 21.3%. Oito de nove rebanhos continham animais soropositivos. A frequência de animais PCR positivos foi de 6.5% em bovinos e 9% em búfalos. Os subtipos 1d foi encontrado em bovinos e os subtipos 1d e 1f foram encontrados em búfalos. Este é o primeiro relato da presença do subtipo 1f no Brasil. A ausência de um programa de controle e erradicação parece favorecer a disseminação de BVDV nos rebanhos brasileiros. Além disso, a melhora de estratégias de diagnóstico para BVDV em búfalos é necessária.


#10 - Compressive lesions in the central nervous system of cattle: a retrospective study of 50 cases in the Amazon biome

Abstract in English:

The present study gathered epidemiological and clinical-pathological information about cattle with compressive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). The retrospective study included observations made in 50 cattle from 1998 to 2021 by reviewing the clinical records of animals with compressive lesions in the CNS treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Institute of the Federal University of Pará. The animals had clinical signs and were subjected to general and specific clinical examination of the nervous system. Blood samples were collected from 13 animals for complete blood counts, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from four animals for physical evaluation. Twenty-nine cattle underwent necropsy. The most affected sites were the T3-L3 (46%, 23/50), C1-C5 (22%, 11/50), C6-T2 (14%, 7/50), sacrococcygeal vertebrae, (4%, 2/50), L4-S2 (2%, 1/50), brain (8%, 4/50) and cerebellum (4%, 2/50). The age of the affected cattle ranged from 20 days to 16 years, with a higher occurrence in animals younger than 12 months (56%, 28/50). More Females were affected (58%, 29/50) than males (42%, 21/50). The clinical signs varied according to the location of the lesion and were mainly represented by ataxia, paresis or paralysis of the limbs, inability to stand and walk, postural changes, hyperesthesia in the extremities, and loss of skin sensitivity at the location of the lesion. The necropsy findings revealed changes such as abscesses in the vertebral body; intervertebral space in the medullary canal, pituitary and cerebellum; granuloma in the arch of the vertebra; fractures of the body of the vertebrae; subarachnoid haematoma; congenital bone alteration causing spinal cord compression; and spondylitis. Detailed anamnesis and clinical examination of the CNS, associated with necropsy findings, were important to determine the cause of the disease, correlate with the clinical picture and locate the affected segments of the CNS in the cattle. It is important to include these diseases in the list of differential diagnoses in cattle with nervous symptoms.

Abstract in Portuguese:

O presente trabalho reúne informações epidemiológicas e clínicopatológicas de bovinos com lesões compressivas no sistema nervoso central (SNC). O estudo retrospectivo compreendeu as observações realizadas em 50 bovinos durante os anos de 1998 a 2021, por meio da revisão dos arquivos de fichas clínicas de animais com lesões compressivas no SNC atendidos pelo Hospital Veterinário do Instituto de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Pará. Os animais atendidos com sinais clínicos foram submetidos a exame clínico geral e específico do sistema nervoso. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 13 animais para realização de hemograma e amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano de quatro animais para avaliação física. Foram submetidos à necropsia 29 bovinos. Os locais mais acometidos foram as vértebras T3-L3 (46%, 23/50), C1-C5 (22%, 11/50), C6-T2 (14%, 7/50), sacrococcígea (4%, 2/50) e L4-S2 (2%, 1/50); cérebro (8%, 4/50) e cerebelo (4%, 2/50). A idade dos bovinos afetados variou de 20 dias a 16 anos, com maior ocorrência em animais com menos de 12 meses (56%, 28/50). As fêmeas foram mais acometidas (58%, 29/50) do que os machos (42%, 21/50). Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com a localização da lesão e foram representados principalmente por ataxia, paresia ou paralisia dos membros, incapacidade de se levantar e de ficar em estação, alterações posturais, hiperestesia nas extremidades, além de perda da sensibilidade cutânea relacionada com a localização da lesão. Os achados de necropsia revelaram alterações como abscessos no corpo vertebral, no espaço intervertebral, no canal medular, para-hipofisário e no cerebelo; granuloma no arco da vértebra, fraturas do corpo das vértebras; hematoma subaracnoide; alteração óssea congênita causando compressão medular e espondilite. Anamnese detalhada e exame clínico do SNC, associados aos achados de necropsia foram importantes para determinar a causa da doença, correlacionar com o quadro clínico e localizar os segmentos acometidos do SNC dos bovinos. Torna-se importante incluir estas enfermidades na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais em bovinos que apresentem sintomatologia nervosa.


Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal SciELO Brasil CAPES CNPQ UNB UFRRJ CFMV